Fermentation (biochemistry)

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Topic: Fermentation (biochemistry)

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	Cellular Respiration -- Biochemistry @ La Canada HS
		Glycolisis, the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, is a catabolic pathway common to fermentation and respiration.
		Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells.
		Cellular respiration consists of glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation.
	www.lcusd.net /lchs/mewoldsen/BCellularRespiration.htm (1299 words)

	Cellular Metabolism and Fermentation
		Acetate metabolism by Escherichia coli in high-cell-density fermentation....
		Cellular Respiration -- Biochemistry @ La Canada HS...
		Cellular respiration -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article...
	www.scienceoxygen.com /biology/114.html (63 words)

	LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION definition
		<biochemistry> A type of fermentation carried out by lactic acid bacteria in which sugar (for example lactose, glucose, pentose) are converted either entirely (or almost entirely) to lactic acid (homolactic fermentation) or to a mixture of lactic acid and other products (heterolactic fermentation).
	www.books.md /L/dic/lacticacidfermentation.php (184 words)

	Virtanen, Artturi Ilmari
		As a chemistry instructor at the University of Helsinki (1924-39), where he became professor of biochemistry (1939-48), Virtanen studied the fermentation processes that spoil stores of silage.
		Virtanen was also a professor of biochemistry at the Helsinki University of Technology (1931-39) and director of Finland's Biochemical Research Institute, Helsinki, from 1931.
		Knowing that the fermentation product, lactic acid, increases the acidity of the silage to a point at which destructive fermentation ceases, he developed a procedure (known by his initials, AIV) for adding dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric acid to newly stored silage, thereby increasing the acidity of the fodder beyond that point.
	www.britannica.com /nobel/micro/624_86.html (184 words)

	Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
		As a chemistry instructor at the University of Helsinki (1924-39), where he became professor of biochemistry (1939-48), Virtanen studied the fermentation processes that spoil stores of silage.
		Virtanen was also a professor of biochemistry at the Helsinki University of Technology (1931-39) and director of Finland's Biochemical Research Institute, Helsinki, from 1931.
		Knowing that the fermentation product, lactic acid, increases the acidity of the silage to a point at which destructive fermentation ceases, he developed a procedure (known by his initials, AIV) for adding dilute hydrochloric or sulfuric acid to newly stored silage, thereby increasing the acidity of the fodder beyond that point.
	www.nobel-winners.com /Chemistry/artturi_ilmari_virtanen.html (248 words)

	Table of contents for Discovering cell mechanisms
		Biochemical Contributions to Discovering Cell Mechanisms up to 1940 Foundations for Biochemistry in the 19th Century The Emergence of Biochemistry in the 20th Century Alcoholic and Lactic Acid Fermentation (1895--1940) Aerobic Cellular Respiration (1910--1940) The State of Biochemistry Circa 1940 3.
		The Locus of Cell Mechanisms: Terra Incognita between Cytology and Biochemistry 1.
		Cytological Contributions to Discovering Cell Mechanisms up to 1940 Cytology in the 19th Century Cell Membranes (1825--1935) The Mitochondrion (1890--1925) Ergastoplasm or Basophilia (1900--1930) The Golgi Apparatus (1900--1940) The State of Cytology Circa 1940 2.
	www.loc.gov /catdir/toc/ecip0515/2005017960.html (491 words)

	AAS-Biographical memoirs-Gottschalk
		The initial studies at the Hall Institute developed, in part, from his investigations during the Berlin period and were concerned with fermentation by yeast.
		Postgraduate clinical work and research experience followed in association with the medical schools at Frankfurt/Main and Wurzburg, while further training in physiology-biochemistry was undertaken at the Physiological Institute at the University of Bonn.
		With the passing of Alfred Gottschalk on October 4th 1973, at Tubingen, West Germany, in his 80th year, there ended a life of extraordinary dedication to research in biochemistry.
	www.science.org.au /academy/memoirs/gottschalk.htm (5185 words)

	Hans von Euler-Chelpin - Biography
		Later in 1935 von Euler-Chelpin investigated the biochemistry of tumours and especially studied the nucleic acids in tumours by means of labelled compounds by a technique he invented in collaboration with G.
		His work on fermentation and general enzyme chemistry was continued in the Institute established in Stockholm by the Wallenberg and Rockefeller Foundations, special attention being given to the use of enzyme chemistry for the study of heredity and the blood serum.
		The work he had begun in 1905 on fermentation was specialized in his Institute to phosphorylation, and the first phases of fermentation and their catalysis were studied, with special attention to co-zymase and also related activators.
	nobelprize.org /chemistry/laureates/1929/euler-chelpin-bio.html (1032 words)

	Hans von Euler-Chelpin - Biography
		Later in 1935 von Euler-Chelpin investigated the biochemistry of tumours and especially studied the nucleic acids in tumours by means of labelled compounds by a technique he invented in collaboration with G.
		The work he had begun in 1905 on fermentation was specialized in his Institute to phosphorylation, and the first phases of fermentation and their catalysis were studied, with special attention to co-zymase and also related activators.
		His work on fermentation and general enzyme chemistry was continued in the Institute established in Stockholm by the Wallenberg and Rockefeller Foundations, special attention being given to the use of enzyme chemistry for the study of heredity and the blood serum.
	nobelprize.org /chemistry/laureates/1929/euler-chelpin-bio.html (1032 words)

	Carl Neuberg Papers , American Philosophical Society
		To say that Carl Neuberg was a pioneer in biochemistry is to understate the case, he coined the term.
		A pioneer biochemist, Carl Neuberg's spent over thirty years of his productive career as a professor at the University of Berlin (1903-1937) and as Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes of Biochemistry and Experimental Therapy.
		Notebooks relating to Neuberg's research and reading in biochemistry, dating almost exclusively from after his move to New York University in 1946.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/n/neuberg.htm (1032 words)

	Pyruvate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In anaerobic respiration, pyruvate from glycolysis can be converted to lactate using the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NADH (in lactate fermentation), or to acetaldehyde and then to ethanol (in alcoholic fermentation).
		It is an important chemical compound in biochemistry.
		It can be converted to oxaloacetate, an intermediate of the TCA cycle by an anaplerotic reaction.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pyruvate (118 words)

	Vacancy: Postdoctoral Scientist Mammalian Cell Culture Technology
		· Recent PhD degree in Biochemistry or Cell Biology (Cell culture technology/ (mammalian) cell physiology/fermentation processes).
		The company is recognized for its experience with various host cells and its expertise in fermentation and purification techniques serving the entire biotech and pharmaceutical industry sector.
		DSM Biologics has recently licensed an innovative mammalian production platform based on the human PER.C6® host cell-line, and is conducting an intensive Randamp;D program with the aim to establish a leading expression platform in the industry.
	www.jin-esact.org /job.php?View=116 (348 words)

	Landmark Discoveries in the Trail from Chemistry to Cellular Biochemistry, with Particular Reference to Mileposts in Research on Bioenergetics -- Gest 30 (1): 9 -- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education
		[4] A. Harden (1914) Alcoholic Fermentation, Longmans Green, London.
		fermentation, Arthur Harden (United Kingdom) began a systematic
		and in the same year Sir Arthur Harden was awarded a Nobel Prize
	www.bambed.org /cgi/content/full/30/1/9 (3046 words)

	Pyruvate
		In anerobic respiration, pyruvate from glycolysis can be converted to lactate using the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase and the coenzyme NADH (in lactate fermentation), or to acetaldehyde and then to ethanol (in alcoholic fermentation).
		It is an important chemical compound in biochemistry.
		It is the output of the breakdown of glucose known as glycolysis, and (in aerobic respiration) the main input for the citric acid cycle.
	www.serebella.com /encyclopedia/article-Pyruvate.html (3046 words)

	Two Centuries of Catalysis
		With the centenary of the discovery of cell-free fermentation (Buchner, 1897) we are entering the second century of scientific biochemistry, based on the idea that life processes are no more than chemistry, uncomplicated by notions of vitalism.
		Resolutely opposed to any idea that enzymes might be proteins, he also refused to believe that cell-free fermentation mimicked the process in the cell.
		We now know, of course, that not all biological catalysis is mediated by proteins, but the existence of catalytic RNA hardly alters the fact that the great majority of enzymes are proteins.
	bip.cnrs-mrs.fr /bip10/jbiosci.htm (3046 words)

	Carl Neuberg Papers , American Philosophical Society
		To say that Carl Neuberg (1877-1956) was a pioneer in biochemistry is to understate the case: he coined the term.
		A pioneer biochemist, Carl Neuberg (1877-1956) spent over thirty years of his productive career as a professor at the University of Berlin (1903-1937) and as Director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institutes of Biochemistry and Experimental Therapy.
		His varied research interests resulted in important contributions to the understanding of fermentation processes, solubility and transport phenomena in cells, the chemistry of carbohydrates, sugars, enzymes, and amino acids, and photochemistry.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/n/neuberg.htm (1507 words)

	Ch05
		By separating the bacteria from the effluent stream and keeping them in the reactor, he was able to reduce the retention time for efficient treatment down to as low as 2 days in the laboratory scale treatment of several different wastewaters from the fermentation industry.
		The intermediary metabolism of multi- carbon and uni- and all-carbon transforming bacteria is described in mono and co-culture fermentations.
		Methane fermentation is an important natural process that is responsible for the overall decomposition of natural organic materials residing in anaerobic environments.
	www.fao.org /docrep/t0541e/T0541E05.htm (6258 words)

	Psyllium Shifts the Fermentation Site of High-Amylose Cornstarch toward the Distal Colon and Increases Fecal Butyrate Concentration in Rats -- Morita et al. 129 (11): 2081 -- Journal of Nutrition
		Laboratory of Nutritional Biochemistry, Otsuma Women's University, Sanbancho 12, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8357, Japan
		Current address: Institute for Consumer Healthcare, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 17-1, Hasune 3-Chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8612, Japan.
		Azusawa Research Laboratories, Institute for Consumer Healthcare, Yamanouchi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 1-8, Azusawa 1-Chome, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 174-8511, Japan, and
	www.nutrition.org /cgi/content/abstract/129/11/2081 (6258 words)

	Brewing Yeast and Fermentation
		Written by two experts with unrivalled experience from years with a leading international brewer, coverage includes all aspects of brewing fermentation and the biochemistry, physiology and genetics of brewers' yeast.
		This major new work is the first and only time that brewing fermentation and yeast biotechnology have been handled in such detail from a commercial perspective and it set to become the standard work for years to come.
		This unique volume provides a definitive review of modern and traditional brewing fermentation.
	www.cplpress.com /contents/C824.htm (164 words)

	Cell-free fermentation (1/8)
		At the end of this article we will return to Friedrich Wöhler, for at that point an enquiry into divergencies and coalescences in the historical development of organic chemistry and of biochemistry will be extremely instructive.
		We must try to understand his work not only, as is usually done, as originating beam but also as gathering focus: the one clarifies the other.
		Reil’s long paper, perhaps bolstered by the monumental experimental observations of the likes of Lavoisier, Reaumur and Spallanzani, made short shrift of speculation and would, from our perspective of 200 years later, have been expected to sound the death-knell of vitalist thought.
	bip.cnrs-mrs.fr /bip10/buchner1.htm (164 words)

	Glycolysis
		Design-it-yourself Glycolysis is an item in the Biochemical Designs Collection and was produced by Jon Maber, a member of the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Leeds.
		The Cellular Metabolism and Fermentation chapter contains sections on glycolysis, anaerobic pathways, and aerobic respiration.
		This chapter is aimed at university students beginning their studies in biological sciences, and is designed to serve as an introduction to more advanced courses.
	bioresearch.ac.uk /browse/mesh/D006019.html (385 words)

	St. Xavier's College, Mumbai-India : Research Institutes : Caius Research Laboratory
		In 1978, the Caius Research Laboratory was redesignated as the Caius Laboratory for Interdisciplinary Research and has since been conducting research on various projects involving microbiology, biochemistry, organic chemistry, botany and geology.
		Faculty and ex-students who are now professionals having several years of experience are offering their expertise in the fields of biotechnology, toxicology, medicinal chemistry, industrial fermentation, chemical and biological process development, waste treatment, pollution control and analysis.
		Streptomyces caiuseae, a microorganism secreting the antibiotic streptomycin that is catalogued in the Bergey's Manual, is one of the early discoveries from this laboratory.
	www.xaviers.edu /caiuslab.htm (317 words)

	Reconstitution of ethanolic fermentation in permeabilized spheroplasts of wild-type and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae -- Noubhani et al. 267 (14): 4566 -- European Journal of Biochemistry
		Reconstitution of ethanolic fermentation in permeabilized spheroplasts of wild-type and trehalose-6-phosphate synthase mutants of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
		For the lysed permeabilized spheroplasts, the spheroplast medium lacked sorbitol (A1, B1, C1, D1).
		Spheroplasts were obtained according to [ 36 ].
	www.ejbiochem.org /cgi/content/full/267/14/4566 (317 words)

	Zymology
		Zymology, also zymurgy, in biochemistry, study of the processes of fermentation, that is, the chemical changes produced in organic substances by the action of bacteria, enzymes and yeasts).
		Zymology includes the study of enzymes, which are the catalysts composed of polymers of amino acids, and zymogens, which are the inactive precursors of enzymes, secreted by living cells.
		In industrial chemistry, zymology is a branch in which important research is conducted into the commercial production of amyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and vitamins by yeast and butyl and propyl alcohol by bacteria.
	www.landborgen.net /EOL/html/Zymology.htm (101 words)

	Stoichiometric network constraints on xylose metabolism by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae
		To understand the differences between glucose and engineered xylose metabolic networks, we performed a flux balance analysis (FBA) and calculated extreme pathways using a stoichiometric model that describes the biochemistry of yeast cell growth.
		Fermentation results were largely consistent with in silico phenotypes based on calculated extreme pathways, which displayed several phases of metabolic phenotype with respect to oxygen availability from anaerobic to aerobic conditions.
		Engineering of xylose metabolism in Saccharomyces cerevisiae has focused on introducing genes for the initial xylose assimilation steps from Pichia stipitis, a xylose-fermenting yeast, into S. cerevisiae, a yeast raditionally used in ethanol production from hexose.
	www.treesearch.fs.fed.us /pubs/7108 (338 words)

	List of biochemistry topics
		facilitated diffusion - FAD - FADH - FADH2 - Fat - Fatty acid - feedback inhibition - fermentation - Fick's law of diffusion - Filtration - fitness (biology) - fitness landscape - flagellum - flavine - fluid mosaic model - free energy - fungi - Formaldehyde - freezing point - functional group
	www.sciencedaily.com /encyclopedia/list_of_biochemistry_topics (388 words)

	Nat' Academies Press, Biographical Memoirs V.84 (2004)
		Barker was exposed to van Niel’s theories about the chemistry of the overall methane fermentation when he spent summers at the Hopkins Marine Station while a graduate student in chemistry at Stanford and later as a postdoctoral fellow with van Niel.
		Barker’s contributions are today so much a part of the fundamental fabric of modern biochemistry and microbiology that it is easy for younger scientists to overlook the modest and gentle man who made them.
		Barker’s commitment to a lifelong study of the chemical activities of microorganisms was consolidated during a year’s study (1935-36) with van Niel’s mentor A. Kluyver in the Delft Microbiology Laboratory, which was supported by a fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation.
	www.nap.edu /openbook.php?record_id=10992&page=1 (4425 words)

	Historical Background of CO2
		Using biochemistry, he compared the fermentation of grape juice and the burning of coal and discovered that they gave off a similar product which he called "spiritus sylvestre" (wild spirit), but would become famous as Carbon Dioxide.
		Helmont lived from 1580 to 1644 and during the course of his lifetime he was the first scientist to distinguish between gasses and air.
		was discovered by the Belgian chemist, Jan Baptist van Helmont.
	web1.caryacademy.org /chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/CompoundWebSites/2000/CarbonDioxide/historical_background_of_co2.htm (201 words)

	Public Relations Press Release
		During the show Nesbitt will explore several topics including fermentation, how high altitude affects cooking and how cheese and ice cream are made.
		The season opens with CU-Boulder chemistry and biochemistry Professor David Nesbitt's "Chemistry in the Kitchen." The free hour-long show will begin at 9:30 a.m.
		Free parking for the Sept. 29 show is available in lot 169 northeast of Folsom Stadium off Folsom Street, lot 396 off Stadium Drive, lot 378 southeast of Folsom Stadium, lot 436 east of the Engineering Center and lot 308 south of Regent Drive and west of Kittredge Loop Road.
	www.colorado.edu /PublicRelations/NewsReleases/2001/1408.html (201 words)

	Carl Neuberg Papers , American Philosophical Society
		Neuberg's influence on the emergence of the field of biochemistry was profound.
		Neuberg nevertheless succeeded in securing important contacts with the pharmaceutical and fermentation industries over the next decade, and like many of his peers, his late career maps out the increasing role played by the federal government and industry in the post-war years.
		Neuberg was the recipient of honorary degrees from the universities of Breslau, Danzig, Palermo, Edinburgh, and Berlin, and he was recipient of Emil Fischer Scheele, Berzelius, Delbrück, Leblanc, and Pasteur medals.
	www.amphilsoc.org /library/mole/n/neuberg.htm (201 words)

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