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| | Symbolism and Modern Urban Society - Cambridge University Press |
 | | In some ways, therefore, this study is an attempt to see the Symbolist artists as more “normal” and to place their art within a timely arena of social relationships and concerns. |
 | | The artists on whom this study focuses – Vincent Van Gogh, Edvard Munch, James Ensor, Jan Toorop, Xavier Mellery, and Fernand Khnopff, and to a lesser extent Giovanni Segantini and Ferdinand Hodler – were all considered for much of their lives to be absolutely aberrant. |
 | | They were labeled, by admiring and condemning critics alike, as decadent and degenerate; they were called isolated, strange, and in some cases mad. |
| www.cup.cam.ac.uk /aus/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=0521810965&ss=fro (4560 words) |
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