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Ferredoxin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ferredoxins (from Latin ferrum: iron + redox, often abbreviated "fd") are iron-sulfur proteins that mediate electron transfer in a range of metabolic reactions. The chloroplast ferredoxin is involved in both cyclic and non-cyclic photophosphorylation reactions of photosynthesis. Ferredoxins can be classified according to the nature of their iron-sulfur clusters and by sequence similarity. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferredoxin   (970 words)

Rhizobial ferredoxin genes - Patent 5059533 A rhizobial ferredoxin of this invention is a protein found in rhizobia having a cysteine residue pattern characteristic of bacterial ferredoxins and capable of functioning as an electron carrier in reactions of nitrogenase enzymes and related cofactors. To obtain the rhizobial ferredoxin sequences of this invention, a rhizobium containing such sequences is selected: for FixX or fixY-homologous sequences, preferably a rhizobium in which the ferredoxin genes are encoded on the Sym plasmid, e.g., Rhizobium trifolii or R. meliloti, and for frxA-homologous sequences, preferably a slow-growing rhizobium, e.g., Bradyrhizobium japonicum. The probe containing rhizobial ferredoxin sequences used to identify additional rhizobial ferredoxin sequences may be derived from rhizobia by the methods set forth in the examples hereof, or may be chemically synthesized by means known in the art. www.freepatentsonline.com /5059533.html   (6517 words)

Salt Dependent Stability and Unfolding of [Fe2-S2] Ferredoxin of Halobacterium salinarum: Spectroscopic Investigations ... Ferredoxin from the haloarchaeon Halobacterium salinarum is a 14.6-kDa protein with a [Fe2-S2] center and is involved in the Ferredoxin was purified earlier by a procedure that involved its exposure to low salt (Kerscher and Oesterhelt, 1976 Ferredoxin is the coenzyme of alpha-ketoacid oxidoreductases in Halobacterium halobium. www.biophysj.org /cgi/content/full/79/1/501   (3662 words)

setif_an : Study of electron transfer reactions involving the plant-type ferredoxin   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) After being reduced, ferredoxin is reoxidized by a number of partners involved in the carbon, nitrogen and sulfur metabolisms. Ferredoxin reduction is studied in both the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803 and the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. After having determined the pathway of electron transfer: FA ® FB ® ferredoxin, the issue of kinetic complexity of the ferredoxin reduction process (2 or 3 first-order phases) is being addressed. www-dsv.cea.fr /thema/bioenerg_sac/themes/setif_an.htm   (268 words)

[No title]   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13) Structure, function, and biogenesis of the photosynthetic apparatus; mutational dissection of cyanobacterial photosystem I; plant-type ferredoxin; dynamics of assembly of membrane proteins. Ferredoxin is a soluble electron-carrier protein that is reduced by photosystem I, the light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, of chloroplast and cyanobacteria. We plan to identify the amino acids in ferredoxin that interact with the reducing side of photosystem I. We are investigating the physical and functional basis for these interactions by using biochemical and genetic methods. www.k-state.edu /bchem/gbg/chitnis.htm   (484 words)

BioMed Central | Full text | A tale of two ferredoxins: sequence similarity and structural differences Ferredoxins are small electron transport proteins that are present in all organisms and adopt different structural folds. Bacterial ferredoxins comprise one of the largest evolutionary lineages of ferredoxins and are present both as individual proteins and as domains incorporated in larger, multi-domain proteins [15,16]. Helical ferredoxins similarly bind one [4Fe-4S] and one [3Fe-4S] cluster, and adopt an all-helical fold. www.biomedcentral.com /1472-6807/6/8   (3540 words)

Evidence for Lateral Transfer of Genes Encoding Ferredoxins, Nitroreductases, NADH Oxidase, and Alcohol Dehydrogenase 3 ... and decreased expression of ferredoxin 1 and flavin reductase Expression and spectroscopic characterization of the hydrogenosomal [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin from the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis. Metronidazole resistance in the protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is associated with increased expression of iron-containing superoxide dismutase and peroxiredoxin and decreased expression of ferredoxin 1 and flavin reductase. ec.asm.org /cgi/content/full/1/2/181   (4977 words)

Body.html A tungsten containing enzyme subsequently was purified from this organism and shown to be an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (5). Since one ferredoxin protein can only carry one electron unit, it is believed that two ferredoxins are needed in sequential order to provide the 2 electrons needed to reduce an aldehyde to a carboxylic acid per subunit. AOR catalyzes the reversible two-electron oxidation of aldehydes to their corresponding carboxylic acids with the accompanying reduction of the redox protein ferredoxin (3, 8). www.arches.uga.edu /~sbrehm/bcmb8010/Body.html   (1976 words)

Botany online: Photosynthesis - Light Reactions Ferredoxin (a heme-less iron-sulphur protein) has a key position in this process. A series of experiments using specific inhibitors showed that ferredoxin is a component of that pathway, too. It transfers one electron to a membrane bound ferredoxin (P430) which passes the electron on to a soluble ferredoxin. www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de /b-online/e24/24c.htm   (1605 words)

InterPro: IPR001041 Ferredoxin The ferredoxin protein family are electron carrier proteins with an iron-sulphur cofactor that act in a wide variety of metabolic reactions. Ferredoxins can be divided into several subgroups depending upon the physiological nature of the iron-sulphur cluster(s) and according to sequence similarities. This entry represents members of the 2Fe-2S ferredoxin family that have a general core structure consisting of beta(2)-alpha-beta(2), which includes putidaredoxin and terpredoxin, and adrenodoxin [ 1, 2, 3, 4 ]. www.ebi.ac.uk /interpro/IEntry?ac=IPR001041   (3239 words)

David B. Knaff, Biochemistry Ferredoxin, which contains a single [2Fe-2S] cluster that functions as a low-potential, one-electron carrier, is reduced in a light-dependent reaction and subsequently serves as the electron donor for a large number of electron-requiring processes. Knaff’s group studies five enzymes that use reduced ferredoxin as the electron donor: sulfite reductase; nitrate reductase; nitrite reductase; thioredoxin reductase; and glutamate synthase. A major focus of this work is identification of the specific protein domains involved in the interactions between ferredoxin and these enzymes. www.depts.ttu.edu /chemistry/faculty/knaff/knaff.html   (456 words)

Structural drift: a possible path to protein fold change -- Krishna and Grishin 21 (8): 1308 -- Bioinformatics An inserted homologous domain (b) that is related to this domain by a circular permutation is shown as a green pentagon. In all further panels of this figure, the elements are labelled according to the first ferredoxin domain for clarity. The first ferredoxin domain is colored red, the second (inserted) ferredoxin domain is colored green and the C-terminal extension is colored fl. bioinformatics.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/21/8/1308   (1646 words)

Properties of 2-Oxoglutarate:Ferredoxin Oxidoreductase from Thauera aromatica and Its Role in Enzymatic Reduction of ... The surplus reduced ferredoxin which is due to the oxidation of residual acetyl-CoA is suggested to be channeled to NAD Identification and characterization of the natural electron donor ferredoxin and of FAD as a possible prosthetic group of benzoyl-CoA reductase (dearomatizing), a key enzyme of anaerobic aromatic metabolism. Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of pyruvate and 2-ketoisovalerate ferredoxin oxidoreductases from Pyrococcus furiosus and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Thermotoga maritima. jb.asm.org /cgi/content/full/184/14/3975   (5400 words)

A mitochondrial ferredoxin is essential for biogenesis of cellular iron-sulfur proteins -- Lange et al. 97 (3): 1050 -- ... A mitochondrial ferredoxin is essential for biogenesis of cellular iron-sulfur proteins -- Lange et al. Mitochondrial ferredoxin Yah1p is required for the activity of the cytosolic Fe/S protein Leu1p. The amount of nonheme non-Fe/S (free) iron associated with the mitochondria was measured by the bathophenantroline method (43). www.pnas.org /cgi/content/full/97/3/1050   (4773 words)

High stability of a ferredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon A. ambivalens: Involvement of electrostatic ... High stability of a ferredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon A. ambivalens: Involvement of electrostatic interactions and cofactors -- Moczygemba et al. Kojoh, K., Matsuzawa, H., and Wakagi, T. Zinc and an N-terminal extra stretch of the ferredoxin from a thermoacidophilic archaeon stabilize the molecule at high temperature. Wittung-Stafshede, P., Gomes, C.M., and Teixeira, M. Stability and folding of the ferredoxin from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Acidianus ambivalens. www.proteinscience.org /cgi/content/full/10/8/1539   (5045 words)

The membrane-bound hydrogenase from P. furiosus accepts electrons from ferredoxin The pathway of hydrogen evolution from reduced ferredoxin in Pyrococcus furiosus [1] It is known that the redox potential of ferredoxin at high (i.e physiological) temperature is approximately equal to that of the proton/H When the flow of reducing equivalents from ferredoxin is greater than can be handled efficiently by the membrane-bound hydrogenase, the pathway proposed by Ma et al. www2.ufp.pt /~pedros/science/mh2ase.htm   (661 words)

Incorporation of iron into Tritrichomonas foetus cell compartments reveals ferredoxin as a major iron-binding protein ... ferredoxin to be a major iron-binding protein in these organelles. Bertini, I., Luchinat, C., Provenzani, A., Rosato, A. and Vasos, P. Browsing gene banks for Fe ferredoxins and structural modeling of 88 plant-type sequences: an analysis of fold and function. Lange, H., Kaut, A., Kispal, G. and Lill, R. A mitochondrial ferredoxin is essential for biogenesis of cellular iron-sulfur proteins. mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/149/7/1911   (5160 words)

Interaction of the Soluble Recombinant PsaD Subunit of Spinach Photosystem I with Ferredoxin I Its peripheral subunit PsaD has been identified as the docking site for ferredoxin I. With the aim of elucidating the structure-function relationship and the role of this subunit, a recombinant form of the spinach protein was produced by heterologous expression in Escherichia coli. The interaction of the PsaD subunit with ferredoxin I was investigated using three different approaches: chemical cross-linking between the two purified proteins in solution, affinity chromatography of the PsaD subunit on a ferredoxin-coupled resin, and titration with ferredoxin of the protein fluorescence of the subunit. Nevertheless, none of the glutamate residues of the acidic cluster of residues 92-94 of ferredoxin I, which have been reported to be involved in the interaction with the subunit, seems to be essential for PsaD binding, as borne out by experiments using ferredoxin I mutants in positions 92-94. pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/1999/38/i33/abs/bi990423h.html   (294 words)

A novel type of DNA curvature present in a Clostridium perfringens ferredoxin gene: characterization and role in gene ... A novel type of DNA curvature present in a Clostridium perfringens ferredoxin gene: characterization and role in gene expression -- Kaji et al. Graves, M. and Rabinowitz, J. In vivo and in vitro transcription of the Clostridium pasteurianum ferredoxin gene. Ragsdale, S. and Ljungdahl, L. Characterization of ferredoxin, flavodoxin, and rubredoxin from Clostridium formicoaceticum grown in media with high and low iron contents. mic.sgmjournals.org /cgi/content/full/149/11/3083   (4175 words)

Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, functions as a ... Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, functions as a CoA-dependent pyruvate decarboxylase -- Ma et al. Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, functions as a CoA-dependent pyruvate decarboxylase Ferredoxin was not necessary for the pyruvate decarboxylase www.pnas.org /cgi/content/abstract/94/18/9608   (573 words)

Ferredoxin fold - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Ribbon diagram of acylphosphatase (PDB accession code 2ACY), which adopts a ferredoxin fold with an extra β-strand at the C-terminus (shown in red). A ferredoxin fold is a common α+β protein fold with a signature βαββαβ secondary structure along its backbone. Structurally, the ferredoxin fold can be regarded as a long, symmetric hairpin that is wrapped once around, so that its two terminal β-strands hydrogen-bond to the central two β-strands, forming a four-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet covered on one side by two α-helices. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferredoxin_fold   (132 words)

Site-Directed Mutations of the 4Fe-Ferredoxin from the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus: Role of the ... The protein is unusual in that its cluster is coordinated by three Cys and one Asp residue, rather than by the typical four Cys residues. values were similar for the three proteins when ferredoxin reduction was measured either directly by visible absorption or indirectly by coupling ferredoxin reoxidation to the reduction of metronidazole. In contrast, using the D14S mutant and the 3Fe-form of the native ferredoxin as electron acceptors, the activity with AOR was virtually undetectable, and with POR the calculated k pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/bichaw/1997/36/i36/abs/bi9708141.html   (416 words)

MPM 2006 In addition to its known role as electron carrier linking pyruvate:ferredoxin oxidoreductase and hydrogenase, ferredoxin can serve as electron acceptor in oxidation of hydrogenosomal NADH mediated by NADH dehydrogenase, a homologue of mitochondrial respiratory complex 1. Purified recombinant ferredoxin 7 appears to be less efficient substrate of NADH dehydrogenase than ferredoxin 1. Considering the number of different ferredoxin genes, it is likely that hydrogenosomal electrontransporting pathways are much more complex then originally thought. www.mbl.edu /mpm/mpm-2006/abstracts/abstract.php?id=122   (251 words)

The role of hydrogen in the metabolism of P. furiosus During metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids, reducing equivalents are transferred to an iron-sulfur protein, ferredoxin. The oxidized form of ferredoxin must be regenerated in order to sustain the continuing operation of these metabolic pathways. Brown cubes stand for [4Fe-4S], brown triangles for [3Fe-4S], red diamonds for [2Fe-2S], yellow ellipses for FAD/FMN, a dark green diamond for the Ni-Fe dimer in hydrogenase, and a green cross for the siroheme in sulfite reductase. www2.ufp.pt /~pedros/science/h2ase.htm   (1753 words)

Purification of Cytochrome P450 and Ferredoxin, Involved in Bisphenol A Degradation, from Sphingomonas sp. Strain AO1 ... The ferredoxin was detected at an absorbance of 450 nm. Purification and characterization of cytochrome P450, ferredoxin, and ferredoxin reductase from strain AO1. Cloning, sequencing, and overexpression of a [2Fe-2S] ferredoxin gene from Escherichia coli. aem.asm.org /cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=16332782   (3735 words)

Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase family Enzymes of the aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (AOR) family [1, 2] contain, as a rule, a tungsten cofactor and an [Fe cluster and catalyse the interconversion of aldehydes to carboxylates (1). This family includes AOR, formaldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase (FOR), glyceraldehyde­3­phosphate ferredoxin oxidoreductase (GAPOR), all isolated from hyperthermophilic archea [2]; carboxylic acid reductase found in clostridia [3]; and hydroxycarboxylate viologen oxidoreductase from Proteus vulgaris, the sole member of the AOR family containing molybdenum [4]. Ma, K., Hutchins, A., Sung, S.­J.S. and Adams, M.W.W. Pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon, Pyrococcus furiosus, functions as a CoA­dependent pyruvate decarboxylase. metallo.scripps.edu /promise/AOR.html   (464 words)

Enhanced Heterologous Expression of Two Streptomyces griseolus Cytochrome P450s and Streptomyces coelicolor Ferredoxin ... and its adjacent ferredoxin, Fd1, and cytochrome P450SU2 and The ferredoxin NADP reductase SCF15A gene was subcloned from by the expression of the ferredoxin reductase SCF15A gene of aem.asm.org /cgi/content/full/69/1/373   (5497 words)

Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of pyruvate and 2- ketoisovalerate ferredoxin oxidoreductases from ... Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of pyruvate and 2- ketoisovalerate ferredoxin oxidoreductases from Pyrococcus furiosus and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Thermotoga maritima -- Kletzin and Adams 178 (1): 248 -- The Journal of Bacteriology Molecular and phylogenetic characterization of pyruvate and 2- ketoisovalerate ferredoxin oxidoreductases from Pyrococcus furiosus and pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Thermotoga maritima ferredoxin oxidoreductase (vor) genes from P. furiosus and of the POR gene jb.asm.org /cgi/lookup?vol=178&fp=248&view=abstract   (764 words)

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