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Topic: Ferrofluid

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	Rare-Earth Magnets - Detail
		Ferrofluid is made by combining a small amount of ferrous magnetic material into a liquid.
		Ferrofluid is now commercially available.In the absence of a magnetic field, the magnetic moments of the particles are randomly distributed and the fluid has no net magnetization.
		The magnetization of the ferrofluid responds immediately to the changes in the applied magnetic field and when the applied field is removed, the moments randomize quickly.
	www.rare-earth-magnets.com /detail.aspx?ID=6 (176 words)

	Audio Ferrofluid Benefits
		Ferrofluid is roughly 5 times more thermally conductive than the air it displaces from the gap.The fluid provides a much lower thermal resistance between the coil and pole/top plate, lowering the voice coil operating temperature under both transient and steady state conditions.
		Ferrofluid in the gap also creates a seal, or liquid "O" ring around the coil which eliminates air modulation noise in the gap, particularly within the piston band.
		Ferrofluid's ability to control a driver's behavior at resonance and, to some extent, break-up modes at the top end of the pass band, eliminate the need to address these problems in the crossover network, eliminating the need for additional expensive resistors, caps and inductors.
	www.ferrotec.com /products/ferrofluid/audio/audioBenefits.php (374 words)

	Ferrofluid
		Here, the ferrofluid's on a china plate, and the two flat hard drive magnets from the ForceField collection are under the plate (and stuck quite firmly to it by their attraction to the fluid).
		You'll see ferrofluid referred to a lot when people talk about hi-fi speaker drivers, because it's used as a damper fluid to reduce unwanted resonances, and for cooling too - the fluid conducts heat from the coil to the magnet structure much better than a plain air gap would.
		Ferrofluid based on a volatile carrier liquid can be used to trace magnetic fields in things - you can paint it onto a magnetic tape, for instance, wait for the carrier to evaporate, and then microscopically examine the particle pattern that's left.
	www.theverylastpageoftheinternet.com /forsale/store/ferrofluidex.htm (1079 words)

	Ferrofluid
		Ferrofluid is composed of small polar magnetite particles surrounded by a surfactant and suspended in a nonpolar medium.
		Ferrofluids were originally developed by NASA to confine liquids in space.
		In the ferrofluid, tiny particles of magnetite are suspended throughout the liquid medium.
	jchemed.chem.wisc.edu /JCESoft/CCA/CCA2/MAIN/FEFLUID/CD2R1.HTM (424 words)

	Ferrofluid: Magnetic Liquid Technology
		Ferrofluid is designed as a component of a device and therefore it must meet specific performance objectives of the device.
		The selection of ferrofluid depends on many factors such as environments, operating life, etc. There are many different combinations of saturation magnetization and viscosity resulting in a ferrofluid suitable for every application.
		Fluorocarbon based ferrofluids have the lowest thermal conductivity of all commercial ferrofluids, therefore they are the least desirable materials for heat transfer applications.
	www.ferrotec.com /technology/ferrofluid.php (874 words)

	Ferrofluid 3-D gyroscope and light modulator - Patent 6400457
		When an electric or a magnetic field is applied to a ferrofluid, the magnetic particles within the fluid have a strong interaction with the field, causing particles to move within the fluid.
		The ferrofluid cell 19 is modified by coating electrically conducting layers 53 on the inner sides of the two glass plates 54, and an AC voltage source 52 is supplied on the two conducting layers 53.
		A ferrofluid 20 is sandwiched between two glass plates 54 separated by a spacer 55 with the thickness of 100 um.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /6400457.html (2421 words)

	FERROFLUID ~ Ferrofluid magnetic liquid (Ferro-Tec EFH1)
		Ferrofluid is a stable colloidal suspension of sub-domain magnetic particles in a liquid carrier.
		The forces holding the magnetic fluid in place are proportional to the gradient of the external field and the magnetization value of the fluid.
		This means that the retention force of a ferrofluid can be adjusted by changing either the magnetization of the fluid or the magnetic field in the region.
	www.amazingmagnets.com /index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=108 (285 words)

	Halfbakery: Ferrofluid-Core Electric Power Transformers
		Ferrofluids have near-zero hysteresis, which is the major cause of energy-wastage in electric-power transformers.
		A "ferrofluid" is a mixture of particles of some magnetic material (often iron oxide in the form of magnetite) with a very viscous substance like soft wax (often it is NOT wax per se, but I shall use "wax" here in the generic sense).
		Ferrofluids have also been hideously expensive, partly because of the actual substance of the "wax", and partly because of the effort put into grinding the magnetite particles into incredibly fine dust (which makes suspension easier, of course).
	halfbakery.com /idea/Ferrofluid-Core_20Electric_20Power_20Transformers (3993 words)

	The study on the novel type of ferrofluid magnetic pipette
		This study was performed to design the novel type of ferrofluid magnetic pipette on a micro scale for the purpose of applications to delivery systems, which is the core device of Lab on a chip in medicine and biology.
		Magnetically actuated ferrofluid lump moves toward the area the magnetic field is concentrated and acts as a plunger like a conventional mechanical actuated pipette as the permanent magnet makes circular movements on the pyrex glass by the stepping motor.
		As compared with the previous ferrofluid magnetic pipette, this device has no heat generation so that there is no harmfulness of biological liquid and no denaturalization of reagents and the response time is so fast because the permanent magnet is used.
	www.nsti.org /Nanotech2003/showabstract.html?absno=606 (358 words)

	Fluid morphs into startling designs, surprising MIT researchers - MIT News Office
		Ferrofluids are mixtures of carrier liquid (such as water or oil) containing magnetic particles only 10 nanometers, or billionths of a meter, in diameter.
		Lorenz applied the magnetic fields to ferrofluids in a Hele-Shaw cell, where flows are constrained to two dimensions in a small gap between two parallel glass disks.
		Ferrofluids have been used commercially since the 1960s in applications such as exclusion seals to keep contaminants out of disk drives.
	web.mit.edu /newsoffice/2003/ferrofluid-0205.html (659 words)

	What is Ferrofluid?
		One of the most important military applications of a ferrofluid was in the late 1980s as a form of radar-repulsion.
		Ferrofluid is also used as a method of cancer detection, in speakers and hard-drives, and for sealing a wide range of devices.
		Ferrofluid is capable of operating in extreme temperatures, ranging from -55°C to 200°C (-67°F to 392°F), making them ideal for any location on Earth and particularly suited to space conditions.
	www.wisegeek.com /what-is-ferrofluid.htm (366 words)

	Ferrofluid Field Induced Flow
		Ferrofluids consist of a carrier fluid loaded with small (nanometer sized) magnetic particles.
		The ferrofluid is attracted to the magnetic field (in this case, from a coil or permanent magnet).
		Ball milling was the earliest approach to the synthesis of particles for ferrofluids.
	www.ornl.gov /engineering_science_technology/roboticsenergetics/ferrofluidinducedflow.htm (717 words)

	PROJECTS: Ferrofluid Flow and Magnetic Fields - LEES
		Analysis and measurements have shown anomalous behavior of ferrofluids in AC magnetic fields, whereby in a rotating magnetic field the ferrofluid can be pumped but the flow direction can reverse as a function of magnetic field amplitude, frequency, and direction.
		Ferrofluid behavior in AC magnetic fields offer an excellent experimental system to examine this unusual type of coupled electro-mechanical system.
		The governing equations are integrated to solve for flow and spin velocity distributions for zero shear spin viscosity as a function of magnetic field strength, phase, frequency, and direction along and transverse to the duct axis; as a function of pressure gradient along the duct; vortex viscosity; dynamic viscosity; and ferrofluid magnetic susceptibility.
	lees.mit.edu /lees/ferrofluid_flow.htm (484 words)

	Stripes in a Ferrofluid - Ken Cooper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Used as a sealant in industrial applications, a ferrofluid is a strongly paramagnetic colloidal suspension of micron-sized magnetite particles.
		Ferrofluids are also commonly used in classroom demonstrations on magnetism.
		However, the tendency to disperse is mitigated by the surface tension at the boundary of the ferrofluid and the diluted isopropanol.
	www.its.caltech.edu /~jpelab/Ken_web_page/ferrofluid.html (285 words)

	Rare earth magnets for fun and profit
		Ferrofluid is, to use the proper scientific term, freaky.
		Some smaller neodymiums in a test tube, lined up to attract the magnets that are already hanging from the bottom of the plate in which the ferrofluid's sitting.
		Ferrofluid flows upwards in a, frankly, fairly disturbing way, until equilibrium is reached.
	www.dansdata.com /magnets.htm (5513 words)

	Halfbakery: Ferrofluid wall thing
		Ferrofluids are magnetic fluids and they can be used to make sculptures etc by shaping them using electromagnets.
		If someone could make a dense ferrofluid and suspended it electromagnetically it could act as a semipermeable wall that could be used as a door or as like a forcefield type thing like they have in star trek.
		For instance if the ferro fluids were contained by VERY powerful electromagnet so that the ferro fluids wouldn't get stuck to you it could be used as a door like they have in stores to keep stuff like bugs out and to keep the temperature the same inside.
	www.halfbakery.com /idea/Ferrofluid_20wall_20thing (747 words)

	MachineDesign.com: The attraction of Ferrofluid Bearings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Special oil-based ferrofluids are stable colloids comprising a base liquid, ferromagnetic particles, and a stabilizing, dispersing surfactant that suspends the particles in the base liquid.
		When the shaft stops, ferrofluid is retained in the bearing cavity by means of magnetic-fluid seals formed by a magnet, pole pieces, and the ferrofluid itself.
		Ferrofluid attracted by magnetic force stays in the small gap between the porous radial bearing bushing, thrust bearing bushing, and pivot, keeping bearing surfaces lubricated.
	www.machinedesign.com /ASP/strArticleID/59427/strSite/MDSite/viewSelectedArticle.asp (1076 words)

	Ferrofluids Can Defy Gravity For Environmental Engineering
		Ferrofluids are colloidal suspensions of nanoscale magnetic particles in a carrier fluid; the particles form magnetic domains separated by coats of dispersant only a molecule thick.
		In addition to their hands-off controllability, Oldenburg adds that "ferrofluids have strong magnetic signatures, so they can function as imagable tracers," allowing above-ground sensors to construct images of underground features and fluid flows that are impractical to visualize by other means.
		Using permanent magnets, ferrofluids of different magnetic properties were drawn through laboratory apparatus that included horizontal and vertical test beds of different sands under different conditions.
	www.lbl.gov /Science-Articles/Archive/ferrofluids.html (666 words)

	UW-Madison MRSEC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		As a magnet is brought up to the ferrofluid, spikes form in the fluid and can dance in response to movements of the magnet.
		Magnets are lowered close to the ferrofluid, and then raised.
		Ferrofluid attracted to a magnet is dense enough to displace a penny.
	mrsec.wisc.edu /Edetc/cineplex/ff/text.html (160 words)

	diyAudio Forums - Will removing ferrofluid change response?
		Since ferrofluid is part of the magnet system of the speaker, removing some of it will weaken the effective strength of the magnet.
		The whole point of ferrofluid is for damping of resonances and to be able to use a smaller magnet than otherwise possible.
		But changeing a driver's properties by removing the ferrofluid might give somewhat unpredictable results (it is designed with the ferrofluid taken into account after all).
	www.diyaudio.com /forums/showthread.php?postid=360505 (972 words)

	Ferrofluid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A ferrofluid is a liquid that becomes strongly polarised in the presence of a magnetic field.
		The term magnetorheological fluid (MRF) refers to liquids similar to ferrofluids (FF) that solidify in the presence of a magnetic field.
		Ferrofluid under the influence of a strong vertical magnetic field.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferrofluid (992 words)

	Knowles Inc. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Ferrofluid damping involves taking a minute amount of ferrofluid - a light oil with magnetic particles suspended in it - and injecting it inside the receiver.
		Ferrofluid receivers eliminate the need for damping screens and prolong the receiver's and the hearing aid's useful life.
		Ferrofluid damped receivers for the FED series and FEP (ferrofluid damped ED and ferrofluid damped EP series receivers) are currently in full production at Knowles Electronics.
	www.knowlesinc.com /knowles.com/pressdetail.jsp?id=12 (359 words)

	Ferrofluid
		The non magnetic solder displaces the magnetic ferrofluid resulting in a small diamagnetic force on the solder.
		When there is enough rotational speed, ferrofluid waves are generated with the rough analogy of gravity wave generation from rotating binary fl holes.
		When ferrofluid is placed under water there is little difference in the spikes, however when detergent is added the surface tension drops and the spikes become fine and elongated, more like iron filings.
	tesladownunder.com /Ferrofluid.htm (513 words)

	Nanoparticle Composition of a Ferrofluid and Its Effects on the Magnetic Properties
		The experiments were designed with the aim to relate the Néel signals that are in theory generated by large single core particles with nanoscopic properties, that is, particle size, particle size distribution, shell properties, and aggregation.
		For this purpose, the ferrofluid was fractionated by magnetic fractionation and size exclusion chromatography.
		Considering the shell thickness to be constant for all particles, it was possible to calculate the apparent particle diameter in the original ferrofluid from the PCS signals of all fractions.
	pubs.acs.org /cgi-bin/abstract.cgi/langd5/2004/20/i06/abs/la030261x.html (296 words)

	Ferrofluid in tweeters - CARSOUND.COM Forum (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		What they do is they drill a hole to let the ferrofluid go out which in turn makes the Fs lower.
		I know that ferrofluid is there for cooling but what they believe that this is useless because tweeters in a passive setup would only be recieving less watts since most of the power will go to the midbass unless the tweeters are biamped.
		Ferrofluid can also help to smooth out the response of the tweeter.
	www.audiogroupforum.com /csforum/showthread.php?t=19297 (300 words)

	Emovendo - Magnets & Elements - Ferrofluid Magnetic Liquid - 1 oz
		The longer answer is ferrofluid is an extremely fine powder, coated with a soap-like material called a surfactant, suspended in a mineral oil liquid base.
		Ferrofluid, while lots of fun just to play with, has many practical applications as well.
		Ferrofluid seals prevent dust particles from working into disk drive mechanisms and crashing the drive head into the disk.
	emovendo.net /store/customer/product.php?productid=16144&cat=0&page=1 (338 words)

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