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	Ferruginous Hawk - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The ferruginous hawk is a large, long-winged buteo of the open, arid grasslands and shrub steppe country of the interior parts of North America.
		The density of ferruginous hawks in grasslands declines in a direct, inverse relationship to the degree of cultivation of the grasslands.
		The ferruginous hawk is one of the most adaptable nesters of all of the raptors, and will use trees, ledges, rock or dirt outcrops, the ground, haystacks, nest platforms, power poles, and other man-made structures.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Ferruginous_Hawk (3349 words)

	AllRefer - Wildlife, Animals, & Birds: Ferruginous Hawk \| Buteo regalis > Biological data and habitat requirements
		Ferruginous hawks will nest in trees and large shrubs along the edge of forests and wooded areas that are adjacent to open areas [11].
		Of 71 ferruginous hawk nests on the plains of Colorado, 69 percent were in trees, 11.3 percent on erosional remnants, 5.6 percent on the ground, 5.6 percent on cliffs, 5.6 percent on creekbanks, and 2.9 percent on artifical structures [20].
		Ferruginous hawk fledgling success and nesting densities in southern Idaho and northern Utah were closely correlated with the cyclic fl-tailed jackrabbit population [28].
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/animals/bird/bure/biological-data-habitat-requirements.html (1658 words)

	Ferruginous Hawk
		Red-tailed hawks are similar to the dark morph adult ferruginous hawks but they have darker, wider band on the trailing edge of the wing and they lack pale primary panels on the upper wings.
		One thought the the ferruginous hawk population is declining is due to pesticide contamination.
		The young ferruginous chicks are leg banded so that scientists can keep track of how many ferruginous hawks there actual are and it also allows them to monitor their migration.
	www.personal.psu.edu /users/a/n/ann119/monographrevised.htm (1521 words)

	Ferruginous Hawk
		Ferruginous Hawks hunt with a variety of techniques including hunting from a perch, hovering, low or high searching flight, or from the ground.
		Like many owls and other raptors, the Ferruginous Hawk’s nesting attempts and fledgling success are dependent upon the food supply in the nesting territory.
		The Ferruginous Hawk is one of two booted hawks in North America.
	www.peregrinefund.org /Explore_Raptors/hawks/ferrugin.html (328 words)

	Ferruginous Hawk
		The Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis) is one of three Buteos or "soaring hawks" that regularly breed in Alberta's grasslands.
		Although the Ferruginous Hawk may coexist with the Red-tailed and Swainson's Hawk, each of these three species of Buteo is specialized to exist without one or the other in a portion of their range.
		Ferruginous Hawk nesting density decreases consistently as cultivation increases and nesting hawks occur in significantly higher densities in areas that contain at least half native grassland.
	www.abheritage.ca /abnature/speciesatrisk/hawk_intro.htm (958 words)

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		The ferruginous hawk is a fairly common summer resident, particularly in the western half of South Dakota.
		Ferruginous hawks in South Dakota choose the open prairies and plains of the west and northeastern portions of the state.
		Hawks tend to concentrate their hunting in the early morning and late afternoon hours by pursuing prey in direct close to the ground chases.
	www.northern.edu /natsource/BIRDS/Ferrug1.htm (958 words)

	BirdWeb - Bird Details (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The Ferruginous Hawk, generally seen in eastern Washington, is the largest of Washington's hawks.
		Ferruginous Hawks inhabit dry, open country of the plains, prairies, grassland, shrub-steppe, and deserts, especially in those areas with native bunchgrasses.
		Ferruginous Hawks have declined in recent years across North America, including in Washington, which is at the extreme western edge of the range.
	www.birdweb.org /birdweb/bird_details.aspx?id=107 (767 words)

	Effects of Management Practices on Grassland Birds: Ferruginous Hawk
		Ferruginous Hawks foraged extensively in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and irrigated potato fields in Washington and in alfalfa fields in Idaho during the breeding season presumably because of high prey densities (Wakeley 1978, Leary et al.
		Ferruginous Hawk nests in Wyoming were built on a mean slope of 14.26°, and the mean height of nests was 4.55 m (MacLaren et al.
		Ferruginous Hawk nesting ecology and raptor populations in northern South Dakota.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/literatr/grasbird/feha/feha.htm (6185 words)

	Ferruginous Hawk: Nature Snapshots from Minnesota DNR: Minnesota DNR
		Most ferruginous hawks are rusty with a pale underside and reddish legs and tail.
		Ferruginous hawks usually begin to breed when they are two years old.
		To encourage ferruginous hawks in an area, managers must make sure there are large stretches of undisturbed land, trees for nesting, and habitat to support their prey species.
	www.dnr.state.mn.us /snapshots/birds/ferruginoushawk.html (368 words)

	Home (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The main identification mark of this hawk is the yellow streak running from the side of his beak, under the eyes.
		The nesting period for the Ferruginous Hawk is from April to June.
		The Ferruginous Hawk is primarily a stationary hawk.
	www.usd.edu /~mschultz/ferruginoushawk.htm (199 words)

	Ferruginous hawk (Buteo regalis)
		Ferruginous hawks breed from eastern Washington to southern Alberta and southern Saskatchewan, Canada, south to eastern Oregon, Nevada, northern and southeastern Arizona, northern New Mexico, northwest Texas, western Nebraska, western Kansas, and western Oklahoma.
		The ferruginous hawk is the largest buteo in North America averaging 22.5-25" long, with a 53-56" wingspan.
		Populations of ferruginous hawks seem to have declined in most areas over their range, except in California where they appear to have increased significantly in the past decade.
	www.desertusa.com /mag00/feb/papr/hawk.html (916 words)

	Ferruginous Hawk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Rosche (1979) found ferruginous hawk in the lower North Platte River Valley during 10 March to 15 April, and 2 October to 27 December.
		Ferruginous hawk is sensitive to human disturbance and is prone to nest desertion (Olendorff and Stoddard 1974, Fyfe and Olendorff 1976).
		Benckeser (1951) reported a pair of ferruginous hawks nesting on the side of a steep bank in a pasture northwest of Brule, Keith County in 1950.
	www.npwrc.usgs.gov /resource/distr/birds/platte/platte/species/buterega.htm (368 words)

	Building nests for the Ferruginous hawks
		Ninety percent of the Ferruginous Hawk diet consists of the Richardson's ground squirrel (gophers) and they are known to consume approximately 480 gophers every breeding season.
		The Ferruginous Hawk can not hunt effectively on crop land because their large wing and body size prevents them from effectively manoeuvring among the stands of grain.
		Ferruginous hawks like to build their large stick nests on the ground, and they prefer to make nests along the crests of coulee breaks or cliffs.
	www.agr.gc.ca /pfra/biodiversity/hawk_e.htm (808 words)

	WDFW Wildlife Research: Ferruginous Hawk Publications
		These factors were studied to better understand ferruginous hawk ecology and population dynamics, and to promote recovery of this species from state Threatened status.
		In the spring of 1999, a study was initiated to investigate the migration and winter ranges of ferruginous hawks (Buteo regalis) that breed in Washington state.
		The juvenile hawk followed the same route of her mother, but moved back and forth along the migration path and covered at least 3,168 km in 69 days.
	wdfw.wa.gov /wlm/research/raptor/ferrhawk/ferrpub.htm (512 words)

	The Ferruginous Hawk
		Ferruginous hawks also hunt small birds particularly horned larks and meadow larks in about the same way as they hunt their summer quarry.
		Ferruginous hawks are very sensitive to intrusion at any time during their breeding season, particularly during the production of eggs or the onset of incubation or when the young are newly hatched.
		Ferruginous hawks also face severe depletion of their necessary breeding season quarry, (ground squirrel species, and prairie dogs) due to their decimation through continual poisoning by humans wishing to eradicate such rodent pests from their land.
	www.conservationcentre.org /scase4.html (2685 words)

	Audubon WatchList - Ferruginous Hawk
		Ferruginous Hawks are found in open arid regions of western North America where they feed primarily on small mammals especially ground squirrels, rabbits and prairie-dogs.
		Ferruginous Hawks will often hunt from ground perches, and will pounce on prey as they move through the soil or when they surface from burrows.
		Ferruginous Hawks were also hunted in the past, but this does not seem to be a threat at the moment.
	audubon2.org /webapp/watchlist/viewSpecies.jsp?id=81 (880 words)

	AllRefer - Wildlife, Animals, & Birds: Ferruginous Hawk \| Buteo regalis > Species: (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The ferruginous hawk is an obligate grassland or desert-shrub nester [26,33].
		Ecotones between pinyon-juniper and sagebrush scrub are commonly used by the ferruginous hawk in the semiarid western United States [11].
		Ferruginous hawks are favored by fires that reduce pinyon-juniper woodlands.
	reference.allrefer.com /wildlife-plants-animals/animals/bird/bure/all.html (2924 words)

	About Buteo Regalis, the Ferruginous Hawk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ferruginous and Rough-legged Hawks are the only hawks whose legs are feathered down to the toes.
		Ferruginous hawks have a natural range in colour, from very dark to light.
		The large body and broad wings of Ferruginous Hawks are well adapted to soaring on thermal updrafts over the prairies or giving a rapid straight-a-way chase of prey animals.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/m_r/momaday/hawk.htm (259 words)

	On the Wing Again: Information (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In Texas, the ferruginous hawk is seen most frequently in the northern panhandle where the flat unbroken prarie.
		This hawk is dependent on the densities of its prey species and therefore where the populations of small rodents and lagomorphs are larger, there will be larger populations of the ferruginous hawk.
		Ferruginous hawks feed on a small selection of large rodents and lagomorphs, the populations of which directly affect the populations of the hawks.
	www.onthewingagain.org /bird20.html (347 words)

	Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis)
		The ferruginous hawk is the largest hawk in North America.
		The telltale difference is that the ferruginous hawk's tail is white, while that of the red-tailed is a reddish-brown color.
		This hawk primarily is found on grassy prairies, dry mesas and habitats that support many rodents and rabbits.
	www.tpwd.state.tx.us /huntwild/wild/species/index.phtml?o=ferhawk&print=true (404 words)

	Ferruginous Hawk (Buteo regalis)
		Ferruginous Hawks were detected nearly every year between 1980 and 1997 on the Arcata, Centerville, and Willow Springs circles (Humboldt County); regularly during this period on the Del Norte and Klamath circles (Del Norte County); and every year during the period on the Mendocino Coast circle (Mendocino County).
		Ferruginous Hawks clearly occupy both northeastern and northwestern California where they should be considered migrants and uncommon local winter residents.
		Ferruginous Hawk and Pine Siskin in the Sierra de la Laguna, Baja California Sur; subspecies of the Pine Siskin in Baja California.
	www.prbo.org /calpif/htmldocs/species/grassland/fehaacct.html (3955 words)

	Bird of the Month: Ferruginous Hawk (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		It is suspected that the unusually wide ‘gape’ of the Ferruginous Hawk is an adaptation allowing passage of large food items [in profile, the base of the bill extends behind the eye].
		The identification of large hawks is an involved matter, but you may suspect a Ferruginous by noting a combination of all-white underparts, almost entirely white underwings, and whitish tail with a faint rusty wash. Adults are rusty-reddish across the back and shoulders.
		In addition to their flashy plumage and impressive size, Ferruginous Hawks are notable for their habit of perching for long periods on the ground, even where elevated perches are available.
	www.rras.org /newsletter/artmar01b.htm (500 words)

	Big Bear Grizzly (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		When a rare hawk was used as target practice in Redlands recently, it was VCA Lakeside Hospital and Moonridge Animal Park to the rescue.
		Ferruginous hawks are the largest and most powerful of the hawk species.
		It is also known as the gopher hawk because of its choice of food, and the eagle hawk because of its size.
	www.bigbeargrizzly.net /articles/2005/11/30/news/hawk.txt (1012 words)

	Raptor Research
		Hawks Aloft has conducted driving surveys along the levee to document raptor use of the riparian woodland and the adjacent lands.
		Hawks Aloft is working with the Bureau of Land Management, Socorro Field Office to evaluate avian prey base in anticipation of Aplomado Falcon reintroduction in New Mexico.
		Hawks Aloft is currently monitoring six historic Northern Goshawk territories in and around the Scott Able and Cree fires.
	www.hawksaloft.org /Research/raptor-research.htm (1959 words)

	PNNL Ecology Group Home Page -- Images (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The ferruginous hawk is a Washington State listed threatened species.
		They are similar to the red-tailed hawk in flight, however the red-tailed hawk's tail is reddish-brown while the ferruginous hawk's tail is white.
		Ferruginous hawks range over much of the western United States.
	www.pnl.gov /ecology/Gallery/Animal/hawk.htm (313 words)

	Ferruginous Hawk Field Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Ferruginous hawks arrive to breed during February and March, and after nesting, adults depart in mid-summer.
		The second major goal of the project is to aid in protection of the shrub steppe habitat that is critical for survival of these hawks and many other plant and animal species.
		Next year, in addition to ferruginous hawks, other declining species of shrub steppe raptors, such as golden eagles will be studied using satellite telemetry.
	www.zoo.org /educate/hawks.html (565 words)

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