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Topic: Fertile material

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	Furnace for incineration of nuclear fission and fertile material waste particularly plutonium and uranium containing ...
		A furnace according to claim 3 wherein the neutron absorbing material is boron carbide.
		The invention is directed to a heatable furnace for incinerating nuclear fission and/or fertile material waste, particularly plutonium and/or uranium containing organic waste by pyrohydrolysis with steam or burning with air oxygen in safe geometry.
		Therefore it was the problem of this invention to design a furnace concept which permits the incineration of nuclear fission and fertile material waste, especially plutonium and/or uranium containing organic waste in safe geometry and on an industrial scale as well as in a safe manner of operation.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4276834.html (1378 words)

	Fertile material - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Fertile material is a term used to describe nuclides which generally themselves do not undergo induced fission (fissionable by thermal neutrons) but from which fissile material is generated by neutron absorption and subsequent nuclei conversions.
		Fertile materials that can be converted into a fissile material by irradiation in a reactor are: thorium-232 which can be converted into fissionable uranium-233, and uranium-238 which can be converted into fissionable plutonium-239.
		A Fast breeder reactor, a reactor with little or no neutron moderator and hence utilising fast neutrons, can be configured to produce more fissile material than it consumes, using fertile material in a blanket around the core, or contained in special fuel rods.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fertile_material (143 words)

	Fertile - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Fertility, a term used to describe the ability of people or animals to produce healthy offspring.
		Fertile soil, soil that contains the nutrients, organic matter and microorganisms necessary for plant growth.
		Fertile material, nuclides which generally themselves do not undergo induced fission, but from which fissile material can be generated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fertile (127 words)

	Tracking Nuclear Proliferation 1998: Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The fissile material is produced both in the reactor's core and when neutrons are captured in fertile material placed around the core (blanket).
		The exact mass of fissionable material needed to sustain a chain reaction varies according to the concentration (purity) and chemical form of the material, the particular fissionable isotope present, its geometrical properties, and its density.
		uranium-233 - A fissionable isotope bred in fertile thorium-232.
	www.ceip.org /files/projects/npp/resources/glossary.htm (2997 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Nuclear technology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		They discovered that radioactive materials produce intense, penetrating rays of several distinct sorts, which they called alpha rays, beta rays and gamma rays.
		As the atom came to be better understood, the nature of radioactivity became clearer: some atomic nuclei are unstable, and they can decay, releasing energy (in the form of gamma rays, high-energy photons) and nuclear fragments (alpha particles, a pair of protons and a pair of neutrons, and beta particles, high-energy electrons).
		A mass of radioactive material large enough (and in a suitable configuration) is called a critical mass.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Nuclear_technology (1785 words)

	Fertile material Information
		Fertile material is a term used to describe nuclides which generally themselves do not undergo induced fission (fissionable by thermal neutrons) but from which fissile material is generated by neutron absorption and subsequent nuclei conversions.
		Fertile materials that can be converted into a fissile material by irradiation in a reactor are: thorium-232 which can be converted into fissionable uranium-233, and uranium-238 which can be converted into fissionable plutonium-239.
		A Fast breeder reactor, a reactor with little or no neutron moderator and hence utilising fast neutrons, can be configured to produce more fissile material than it consumes, using fertile material in a blanket around the core, or contained in special fuel rods.
	www.bookrags.com /Fertile_material (120 words)

	Class 376: INDUCED NUCLEAR REACTIONS: PROCESSES, SYSTEMS, AND ELEMENTS / U.S. Patent Classification Definitions
		Subject matter wherein the material bombarded with neutrons is a fertile material and this fertile material is a component of and positioned in, a nuclear fission reactor* comprised of two or more of the following structural elements: moderator structure, fuel structure, coolant structure (including primary coolant, per se), or fuel support structure.
		The fertile material may be (1) positioned in the fissile fuel assembly either (a) mixed with the fissile fuel material itself, or (b) as a separate distinct component of the fissile fuel assembly; or (2) positioned in a nonfissile fuel assembly, i.e., a fertile fuel assembly.
		Subject matter wherein the material to be bombarded is in a carrier or other support structure and this carrier or other support structure is subsequently used to convey, position, or insert the material into or remove it from the vicinity of the radiation means.
	www.uspto.gov /web/offices/ac/ido/oeip/taf/def/376.htm (9607 words)

	Ending the Production of Fissile Material for Nuclear Weapons -- Key Terms
		Cladding -- The material which encases the nuclear fuel, reducing the risk of radioactive materials leaking from the fuel.
		Fertile material -- Material composed of atoms which readily absorb neutrons to produce fissile material.
		One such material is uranium 238, which becomes plutonium 239 after it absorbs a neutron.
	www.isis-online.org /publications/fmct/primer/keyterms.html (2243 words)

	Fear of Writing - 112 creative writing prompts
		Milli’s habit is to do the Fertile Material alongside her workshop and writing circle groups, and Milli and some of her regulars have published e-book anthologies of their Fertile Material stories and poems.
		Groups that meet to use the writing prompts are known as “Fertile Material Writing Circles.” Each week we congregate in a coffeehouse or similar friendly place and create our own safe environment (using Milli's guidelines) to make it fun and supportive.
		The writers explore a single Fertile Material writing prompt and share their freshly inspired raw material with you, from the comic to the poetic, from the deep South to fantastical lands, from the scientific to the magical.
	www.fearofwriting.com /creative-writing-prompts.htm (1524 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| Nuclear Fuel Terms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		A fast reactor with fertile material loaded around the core, to be converted into fissile material through neutron capture, which generates more fissile material than is consumed.
		In the case of current enrichment technologies, the feed material is in the form of uranium hexafluoride (UF but the term is also used at the conversion and fuel fabrication stages.
		Fertile material is sometimes referred to as source or breeder material.
	www.world-nuclear.org /nft/f-g.htm (1145 words)

	Policy for de-accessioning of material - Australian National Herbarium
		If a fertile specimen is collected from a cultivated specimen, the fertile voucher should be housed with the original sterile collection.
		In the case of material nominated only on criterion (c), consideration should be given to donation of the material to another herbarium or reference set.
		Indefinite or permanent loan of material to other recognised institutions may be authorised by joint decision of the Curator and the CPBR Director.
	www.anbg.gov.au /cpbr/policy-documents/deaccession-specimens.html (488 words)

	Energy & Security nr. 1, Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Material that is not fissile, but which can be converted into a fissile material.
		Uranium-238 and thorium-232 are the principal fertile materials.
		Material whose nucleus can be fissioned when it absorbs a low-energy (ideally zero energy) neutron.
	www.ieer.org /ensec/no-1/gloss.html (385 words)

	Pond Management Considerations
		Organic materials that enter the water cannot be digested as quickly due to this oxygen starvation.
		The organic material in the remaining pool will continue to decay under the ice and can cause oxygen depletion and a fish kill when heavy snow covers the ice and cuts off light penetration, if aeration is not provided and there is not enough water flow to bring in fresh (aerated) water.
		The reduced organic material stimulates plankton growth that is the foundation of the fish food chain.
	www.aquaticmanagement.com /pmconsid.htm (1374 words)

	World Nuclear Association \| Nuclear Energy Made Simple \| Nuclear Electricity \| Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		One Bq measures one disintegration per second and is thus the activity of a quantity of radioactive material which averages one decay per second.
		Biological shield: A mass of absorbing material (eg thick concrete walls) placed around a reactor or radioactive material to reduce the radiation (especially neutrons and gamma rays respectively) to a level safe for humans.
		Moderator: A material such as light or heavy water or graphite used in a reactor to slow down fast neutrons by collision with lighter nuclei so as to expedite further fission.
	www.world-nuclear.org /education/ne/negloss.htm (2501 words)

	C-Fern - A Plant For Teaching and Research
		For harvesting spores from individual plants, cut the mature fertile fronds (as indicated by the brown stripe stage) and place (stuff!) them into a labeled "spore collection" containers, e.g.
		When material is sufficiently dry it may be stored indefinitely at room temperature, i.e.
		Small batches of dried fertile fronds are placed onto a No. 40 sieve and lightly ground with the base of a 25 ml graduated cylinder.
	cfern.bio.utk.edu /manual/cfmsporophyteculturespore.html (423 words)

	Class Definition for Class 376 - INDUCED NUCLEAR REACTIONS: PROCESSES, SYSTEMS, AND ELEMENTS
		Are nuclear reaction products (except special nuclear fuel material (see Nuclear Fuel) including gases yielded in or made radioactive by exposure to the radiation incident to the process of producing or utilizing special nuclear fuel in the nuclear reaction.
		In order for this state to exist a sufficient quantity of fissile material (critical mass) must be assembled in the proper shape and concentration.
		As it relates to fission nuclear reactors, this is a material which affects the criticality of the reactor and can be (a) a neutron absorbing material (which for the purpose of this class is a material which can absorb neutrons without reproducing them, e.g., boron, or a fertile material such a uranium (U
	www.uspto.gov /go/classification/uspc376/defs376.htm (5079 words)

	La France nucleaire/Nuclear France: URANIUM (ENGLISH)
		uranium 235 is a fissile material; uranium 238 is a fertile material
		Uranium isotopes, like other radioactive material, emit ionizing radiation, that is to say radiation strong enough to tear electrons from the peripheral layer of atoms in the substance they strike; therefore, strong enough to damage or destroy living cells.
		Because of the dispersion of the fissile material, the chain reaction does not release the energy that a nuclear bomb would release.
	www.francenuc.org /en_mat/uranium2_e.htm (1979 words)

	SDV Nuclear Glossary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		For gaseous isotope diffusion it is the material that enters the cascade.
		Materials with ultra-high neutron capture cross sections that significantly reduce neutron fields in a reactor, reducing reactivity, thereby creating a barrier to reactor operations.
		Material used to construct reactor components and designed to maintain a separation between their contents and the coolant.
	glossary.dataenabled.com /sdvglossary_F.html (1049 words)

	AEI: October 1995, Light Water Breeder
		In this type of reactor, the fissile material is concentrated in the central core region while the fertile material surrounds the central core region including the top and bottom.
		Most of the neutrons produced in the central core are used to sustain the chain reaction, while most of those than leak out at the boundary are either reflected back into the fissile material or absorbed by fertile material.
		It seems that there is an abundant supply of fissile materials and that the higher costs of core manufacture will not be overcome without a significant automation effort.
	www.atomicinsights.com /oct95/LWBR_oct95.html (954 words)

	Nuclear Explosives
		Nuclear explosives consist of the same fissile materials (Chapter 1) whose fission energy is converted into electricity in nuclear generating plants.
		Two methods have been used to provide the fully concentrated fissile material for explosives: by enriching the uranium-235 that occurs to the extent of 0.7 per cent in natural uranium, and by extracting the plutonium-239 present in irradiated uranium fuel.
		Plutonium-239, the other fissile material that has been used as an explosive, is produced by the irradiation of uranium in a nuclear reactor.
	www.magma.ca /~jalrober/Chapter12b.htm (686 words)

	Glossary N-Z Trends in International Energy R&D Investment (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		The reactor apparatus includes fissionable material (fuel) such as uranium or plutonium; fertile material; moderating material (unless it is a fast reactor); a heavy-walled pressure vessel; shielding to protect personnel; provision for heat removal; and control elements and instrumentation.
		The new fissionable material is created by a process known as breeding, in which neutrons from fission are captured in fertile materials.
		Radionuclides: Radioactive material capable of giving off radiant energy in the form of particles or rays as alpha, beta and gamma rays by the disintegration of atomic nuclei.
	energytrends.pnl.gov /glosn_z.htm (2556 words)

	AEI: October 1995 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Breeder reactor - a nuclear fission reactor that is able to convert more than one atom of fertile material into fissile material for every atom of fissile material that undergoes fission.
		There is no conversion of fertile material into fissile material.
		Fertile material - isotopes that can become a fissile material after absorbing a neutron and undergoing a series of radioactive decays.
	www.atomicinsights.com /oct95/AEI_Oct95.html (174 words)

	DOE - Safety of Radioactive Material Transportation
		A material, which is not itself fissile (fissionable by thermal neutrons), that can be converted into a fissile material by irradiation in a reactor.
		There are two basic fertile materials, uranium-238 and thorium-232.
		When these fertile materials capture neutrons, they are converted into fissile plutonium-239 and uranium-233, respectively.
	www.sandia.gov /tp/SAFE_RAM/GLOSSARY/F/FERTILE.HTM (48 words)

	fertile. The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: Fourth Edition. 2000.
		Rich in material needed to sustain plant growth: fertile soil.
		Middle English fertil, from Old French fertile, from Latin fertilis, from ferre, to bear.
		fertile, fecund, fruitful, productive, prolific These adjectives mean marked by great productivity: fertile farmland; a fecund imagination; fruitful efforts; a productive meeting; a prolific writer.
	www.bartleby.com /61/78/F0087800.html (172 words)

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