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Topic: Fescue

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	Tall Fescue
		Tall fescue is a perennial bunch-type grass that grows rapidly during spring and fall.
		Tall fescue is adapted to a wide range of soil conditions but grows best on fertile, well-drained soils with a soil pH between 5.5 and 6.5.
		The confusion between tall fescue and fine fescue was increased by the introduction of turf-type tall fescues that are frequently promoted as fine-leaved.
	hgic.clemson.edu /factsheets/HGIC1210.htm (620 words)

	ID-144: Understanding Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue and Its Effect on Broodmares
		The "safe" threshold for infected tall fescue in a pasture or in hay is not precisely known, but small amounts of tall fescue are common in most fields and should not be an automatic source of concern.
		If endophyte-infected fescue is present in the pastures, remove mares from the pasture during the last 60 to 90 days of gestation and feed a fescue-free diet.
		Because fescue may enter the horse diet from many sources, it is important to characterize all of the sources if you suspect that endophyte-infected fescue is creating a problem.
	www.ca.uky.edu /agc/pubs/id/id144/id144.htm (1220 words)

	Tall Fescue Toxicosis and Management
		Tall fescue toxicosis is one of the most costly animal disorders facing livestock producers in the eastern U.S. As reported by Georgia researchers in 1977, it is caused by a fungal endophyte.
		Fescue toxicosis was partially solved in the 1980s, when it was reported that cattle grazing tall fescue pastures with low endophyte infection rates gained weight more rapidly than cattle grazing highly infected pastures (16).
		In the southern states of the tall fescue belt, bermudagrass and crabgrass are used as annual lespedeza is used in the northern parts of the fescue belt.
	www.plantmanagementnetwork.org /pub/cm/management/2004/toxicosis (6379 words)

	Tall Fescue Management
		The leaf of tall fescue is rolled in the bud stage (when the leaf is in the previous leaf sheath) and the plant has a round tiller base.
		Tall fescue stands containing clover or lespedeza should be grazed close during the winter or spring to encourage the establishment of legume seedlings.
		The recommendations for the E+ tall fescue are designed to reduce the vigor of the fescue plants and to encourage other grasses and legumes which are tolerant to close grazing.
	www.caf.wvu.edu /~forage/tallfesc.htm (3017 words)

	G4646 Tall Fescue, MU Extension
		Fescue may be used not only as a forage, but is ideal for waterways, ditch and pond banks, and farm lots and lanes.
		Fescue and accompanying legumes (with the exception of lespedeza, which should be winter or early spring seeded) may be seeded in the spring, fall or winter.
		Another system to maximize fescue for fall and winter is to harvest hay from the early growth and to stockpile the later growth in the field or "on the stump." For producers who own a round baler, the bales may be left in the field to conserve labor in handling, storing and feeding.
	muextension.missouri.edu /explore/agguides/crops/g04646.htm (3451 words)

	Fescue - Grass for lawn, pasture and turf - seeds and seed - Seedland.com
		The fescue species are easily seeded and include the sub species of tall bunching grasses named tall fescue and fine shorter fescues named creeping red, hard, chewings and sheep fescue.
		Fine Fescues are readily used in mixtures with the Kentucky bluegrass varieties for summer northern lawns and with the warm season grasses in winter lawns.
		Tall fescue is the coarser of the lawn fescues, with a dense turf when maintained, forms a clumping growth at the base of the grass plant, drought resistant (as cool season grasses are categorized) and is shade tolerant.
	www.fescue.com (1128 words)

	UACES: Publications: Stockpiled Fescue Management (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Using stockpiled fescue for grazing in late fall and early winter is one of the most common practices used to extend the grazing season in the southeastern United States.
		Grazing cattle on endophyte-infected fescue during a cooler time of the year, when heat stress is less likely to occur, helps reduce the potential toxic effects of ergot alkaloids in endophyte-infected fescue.
		Tall fescue forage accumulated after a mid-June to early-July hay harvest tends to be much lower in quality than forage accumulated from a period starting in late August to mid-September.
	www.uaex.edu /Other_Areas/publications/HTML/FSA-3048.asp (1709 words)

	Forage Quality of Idaho Fescue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Idaho fescue in the Bighorns is a preferred species by cattle (Hurd and Pond 1958) and elk (Probasco 1968) and is a decreaser under heavy grazing (Beetle 1956).
		Crude protein content of Idaho fescue is at its highest level early in the growing season at 9.2%, and then rapidly declines to 3.4% as the grass matures.
		Fescue is of higher quality in the vegetative stage which is associated with early phenological stages where young green leaves dominate the plant (Beatty and Engel 1980).
	uwadmnweb.uwyo.edu /RenewableResources/range/Powell/Idaho_fescue.htm (2270 words)

	Making the Most of Tall Fescue in Virginia
		Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) is the predominant forage species on over one million acres of hay and pastureland in Virginia and over 35 million acres across the USA.
		Fescue toxicosis, fescue foot, and fat necrosis are the three major disorders observed in cattle consuming tall fescue forage infected with the endophyte.
		Fescue foot is a dry, gangrenous condition that causes lameness or the loss of the tips of tails and/or ears, and in severe cases the sloughing of hooves or feet.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/forage/418-050/418-050.html (3564 words)

	Managing Fescue (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), usually just called fescue, is a long-lived, perennial grass with growing seasons in spring and fall, and an intervening dormant period that varies with the severity of summer.
		Fescue was brought to America from Europe in the late 1800s and now dominates 40 million grassland acres nationwide.
		Fescue is most harmful to wildlife when it is overgrazed, mown flat or left in an impenetrable tangle.
	www.conservation.state.mo.us /conmag/2003/07/30.htm (1984 words)

	Tall Fescue and Missouri Wildlife
		Fescue height at the beginning of the winter dormant season should be 3 to 6 inches.
		Fescue fields grazed intensively in the spring should not be mowed during late summer or fall because mowing will eliminate desired cover and food plants.
		Because fescue is extremely difficult to keep in a productive condition for wildlife, the long-term goal should be elimination of fescue and replacement with vegetation that is easier to manage and more productive for wildlife.
	mdc.mo.gov /landown/grass/fescue (1827 words)

	Establishment of Tall Fescue
		This is called (fescue) pasture renovation, because not only must the existing tall fescue be killed but seeds from these infected plants must be kept from establishing plants in the new pasture.
		At this time every attempt should be made to stop seedhead formation of the old stand of tall fescue, either by heavy grazing or mowing to decrease the amount of seed from the old stand in the soil when the new stand is seeded.
		There is considerable debate as to whether or not the clover should be seeded at the same time as the fescue, which will put it into the same drill row or seeded in a separate operation at right angles to the fescue rows.
	www.clemson.edu /agronomy/grasslands/forage/tallfescue/establish.html (1713 words)

	Minimizing Tall Fescue Toxicity
		Tall fescue is one of the major cool-season grasses grown in Indiana.
		Laboratory analyses also indicate that tall fescue is as high in quality as other cool-season grasses such as orchardgrass and smooth bromegrass.
		Fescue toxicosis problems in infected pastures are increased with heavy nitrogen applications in the form of commercial fertilizer or poultry manure.
	www.agry.purdue.edu /ext/forages/publications/ay258.htm (1444 words)

	Fescue Toxicosis, AGF-008-92
		Tall fescue is one of the most important grass species in the U.S. and is grown on an estimated 35 million acres throughout the country.
		Fescue toxicosis is the term used to describe these adverse symptoms with animals.
		Recent analysis of Ohio tall fescue samples averaged 56 percent infected plants with levels of infection ranging from 0 to 100%.
	ohioline.osu.edu /agf-fact/0008.html (1101 words)

	Broodmares Grazing Tall Fescue Pastures for Fed Tall Fescue Hay Require Careful Management and Close Observation
		Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea) is a hardy grass that is easily established, tolerates close grazing, stands up to heavy horse traffic, and survives drought conditions that wither other grasses.
		Fescue is resistant to insects, disease and weed competition.
		To have an effective kill of the fescue and all the seeds, a smother crop should be planted after the first kill, then the fields should be sprayed again to kill the new fescue before grass is replanted.
	www.ext.vt.edu /pubs/horse/406-475/406-475.html (1691 words)

	15. TALL FESCUE (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-19)
		Fescue foot tends to develop in the late fall and winter, and the extremities (typically tail, ears, and rear feet) undergo necrosis ("death").
		Fescue pastures can also be diluted with legume planting (red or white clover).
		If fescue has to be used for mares, at least avoid feeding fescue hay or pasture during the last 30 to 60 days of gestation to minimize problems.
	www.vet.purdue.edu /depts/addl/toxic/plant15.htm (505 words)

	G4669 Tall Fescue Toxicosis, MU Extension
		Horses, particularly mares, grazing endophyte-infected tall fescue are prone to reproductive problems such as late-term abortions and stillborn foals, prolonged gestation periods and dystocia, thickened or retained placentas, laminitis (founder), poor conception rates, decreased prolactin and progesterone levels and agalactia.
		Tall fescue is similar in appearance to ryegrass but has a folded leaf during the bud stage.
		In summary, although tall fescue is a viable and important forage for grazing animals, not all tall fescue cultivars are alike.
	muextension.missouri.edu /xplor/agguides/crops/g04669.htm (2029 words)

	UACES: Publications: Tall Fescue Varieties
		Tall fescue and bermudagrass are the main forages grown for most beef cattle operations in the state.
		Much of the tall fescue grown in Arkansas is infected with an internal fungus (endophyte) that can cause decreased weight gains in growing ruminants, lower pregnancy rates in breeding stock and reduce milk production in lactating cows, especially in hot weather.
		Tall fescue is a good source of forage from mid-September through June but should not be relied upon exclusively for the year-round forage supply.
	www.uaex.edu /Other_Areas/publications/HTML/FSA-2133.asp (665 words)

	Novel Endophyte-Infected Tall Fescue
		Gains and reproductive performance of animals grazing endophyte-free tall fescue are higher than toxic tall fescue; however, these pastures are intolerant of drought and heavy grazing and frequently fail.
		Persistence of novel endophyte-infected tall fescue must be substantially better than that of endophyte-free tall fescue to justify higher seed costs and destruction of existing toxic tall fescue stands.
		Planting novel endophyte tall fescue into a 'clean' field that does not contain living toxic tall fescue plants or viable seed is critical to (1) eliminate potential toxicity in pregnant mares (2) maximize beef cattle performance and (3) minimize potential for toxic plants and seedlings to reestablish in the pasture.
	pubs.caes.uga.edu /caespubs/pubcd/C861.htm (1946 words)

	Equine Fescue Toxicosis
		Equine fescue toxicosis is caused when pregnant mares eat tall fescue that is infected with an endophyte fungus, Acremonium coenephialum.
		Ergopeptines are indole alkaloids that help chemically defend the fescue plants from insect pests and also have a positve influence on plant hormones and/or growth regulators.
		Fescue toxicosis is not unique to horses; it can affect any species of livestock that graze on endophyte-infected fescue.
	www.ansci.cornell.edu /plants/toxicagents/fesalk.html (1061 words)

	Fescue Toxicosis in Broodmares
		Yes, fescue hurts cattle, deer, rabbits, etc. (anything that grazes or browses on grass).
		Remember, it is not the fescue that is harmful, it is the endophyte that gets into the fescue and lives within the fescue
		Fescue pasture and fescue hays are not acceptable in any quantity when your mares are near foaling or you are
	hometown.aol.com /skipperwhorses/fescue.html (794 words)

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