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Topic: Festival seating

	Crowd Management Strategies - Safety Laws that Work
		This law, prohibiting the sale of "festival seating" and "general admission seating" (that is, standing room only spaces at indoor music concerts and other events), was the direct result of the December 3, 1979 Who concert tragedy that killed 11 concertgoers.
		Festival seating was considered the domino that set in motion the worst concert tragedy in U.S. history.
		Besides festival seating, the Who concert tragedy was also blamed on, among other things, a lack of open entrance doors, the failure to open sufficient doors when crowd problems began, and astonishingly, the refusal of venue staff and the promoter to cooperate fully with police officials as the tragedy began to unfold.
	www.crowdsafe.com /legal.html (1347 words)

	Stadium seating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Stadium seating is a technique used in movie theaters to allow more guests to see the movie screen with less blockage than traditional seating.
		Like seating in a football or baseball stadium, stadium seating in theaters is usually a 30 degree slope stepped upwards from the bottom of the theater, as opposed to the approximately 15 degree gentle slope in traditional theaters.
		American Seating, a major manufacturer of stadium and theater seating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Stadium_seating (228 words)

	Festival seating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Festival seating, also known as general seating or stadium seating, is a method of seating at concerts and other performances in which the best seats are available on a first-come, first-served basis.
		The concert was using "festival seating." When the crowds waiting outside heard the band performing a soundcheck, they thought the concert was beginning and tried to rush into the still-closed doors, trampling those at the front of the crowd.
		Cincinnati immediately outlawed festival seating at concerts, although it overturned the ban on August 4, 2004, since the ban was making it difficult for Cincinnati to book concerts.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Festival_seating (325 words)

	Encyclopedia :: encyclopedia : Seating capacity (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Seating capacity refers to the number of people who can be seated in a specific space, either in terms of the space available, or in terms of limitations set by law.
		Seating capacity is also an important consideration in the construction and use of sports venues such as stadiums and arenas.
		Where seating capacity is a legal requirement, however—as it is on movie theaters and on airplanes—then the law reflects the fact that the number of people allowed in should not exceed the number who can be seated.
	www.hallencyclopedia.com /Seating_capacity (242 words)

	First-come, first-served - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The policy can be employed when processing sales orders, in determining restaurant seating, or on a taxi stand, for examples.
		Festival seating (also known as general seating and stadium seating) is seating done on a FCFS basis.
		See Riverfront Coliseum for details on a December 1979 disaster involving "festival seating" at a concert by The Who in Cincinnati, Ohio.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First-come,_first-served (268 words)

	Boston.com / News / Nation / Cincinnati may end festival seating ban (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		City officials are considering whether to lift the 25-year-old ban on concert general admission seating that was imposed after 11 fans were crushed to death during a performance by the rock group The Who.
		Festival seating appeals to promoters because the most enthusiastic fans can get near the stage and help generate excitement for the rest of the crowd.
		All doors to the festival seating area would have to be opened two hours before a concert, ushers and security personnel would have to be in place before the doors were opened, and a written evacuation plan would be required.
	www.boston.com /news/nation/articles/2004/07/31/cincinnati_may_end_festival_seating_ban?mode=PF (416 words)

	FIR-5.02 - Festival (Open) Seating
		Festival seating, a form of crowd placement in which patrons stand rather than sit, is a common source of problems in public assemblies.
		Festival seating for less than 500 patrons (3500 square feet of open-plan area without seats) is allowed without special provisions provided seating plans are submitted and approved and all provisions of the public assembly permit process are complied with.
		The hands of all those to be placed in festival seating shall be distinctly and consistently marked with an easily discernible symbol.
	www.portlandonline.com /auditor?&c=29192&a=25837 (701 words)

	LA Times: Critic Pans U2's Festival-Seating Plan
		"Festival seating is themost volatile setting, and according to our data, the most deadly and mostinjurious of all concert environments," Wertheimer said.
		Gary Bongiovanni, editor in chief of Pollstar, a concert industry tradepublication, says general admission seating does pose extra challenges and risks.To Bongiovanni, though, the track record of U2 and the nature of its audiencemake their shows a fairly low-risk venture.
		Creed, Phish, Limp Bizkit and Eminem are among the artists that have usedgeneral admission seating in arenas without major incident, said Fogel, who alsocited smaller but still substantial venues, such as the Hollywood Palladium, thatuse general admission for almost all shows.
	www.u2world.com /news/article.php3?id_article=5811 (430 words)

	Festival seats return tonight at pop concert
		The city of Cincinnati banned festival seating after 11 people were trampled to death at a Who concert Dec. 3, 1979, outside what was then known as Riverfront Coliseum.
		The Springsteen concert demonstrated that festival seating could be done safely, Cincinnati Fire Department Captain Joe Wolf says.Just as with that event, the Green Day show will be monitored by city safety officials.
		Festival seating makes checking out an event at U.S. Bank Arena a lot more enticing, says Hittle, who had to travel to Lexington and Indianapolis to see U2 three years ago.
	www.cincinnati.com /text/local/2004/10/23/tem_festival23.html (776 words)

	Q: U2 Tour's Safety Questioned (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		"Festival seating is used when promoters,artists and venue operators are focused more on the bottom line than thelife line of their audiences.
		Festival seating is all about money, becausemore people can be stuffed into a space with no seats than with fixedseats."
		While "festival seating" is more common in the UK, the last time U2 playedin an arena in this country was in 1992, when they performed at Earl’sCourt and Manchester’s G-Mex centre.
	www.u2world.com /news/article.php3?id_article=5438 (386 words)

	News: U2's Festival Seating Plan Draws Fire
		"Historically, festival seating is the most dangerous concert configuration," said Paul Wertheimer, owner of Crowd Management Strategies, a concert-safety consulting firm that released a controversial report last year stating nearly 70 people were killed at concerts in 1999.
		"Festival seating is used when promoters, artists and venue operators are focused more on the bottom line than on the life line of their audiences.
		Because festival seating is becoming less common, U2 may have chosen it to be unusual, Bongiovanni said.
	www.u2station.com /news/archives/2001/01/u2s_festival_se.php (770 words)

	[No title]
		Festival Events: You and your guests are welcome at any time before, during or after your wedding to enjoy the scheduled shows inside the Festival.
		The Festival reserves the right to use any photographs, audio or video recordings, or illustrations made by Festival staff or local media in conjunction with this event for educational or promotional purposes at this time or in the future.
		Festival Personnel: The Festival will provide a costumed performer/coordinator to escort your wedding party in a procession from the wedding ceremony area to the reception site and a licensed notary public to perform the ceremony.
	ren-fest.com /wedding.html (1475 words)

	The Cincinnati Post
		It will be the first time any festival seating has been used for a rock show at the former Riverfront Coliseum since 11 concertgoers died in a crush outside the Who concert at the venue on Dec. 3, 1979.
		Prior to the Springsteen concert, the only time police were actually asked to grant a partial festival seating waiver for a rock concert was in 1996 when operators of the arena wanted to offer a mosh pit for a Smashing Pumpkins show.
		Festival seating is still widely used around the country — notably at Dayton's Hara Arena, where up to 10,000 general admission tickets are routinely sold for rock concerts.
	www.cincypost.com /2002/11/09/festival11-09-2002.html (1160 words)

	Alive: For 10,000 Metallica fans, standing room's the place to be
		Festival seating, often called general admission, consists of unassigned spots without chairs on the floor of the venue.
		Once the norm at concerts during the 1970s and 1980s, festival seating has been out of vogue in recent years because of the potential for fans to injure themselves.
		The worst incident of unassigned seating violence was a December 1979 concert by the Who in Cincinnati at which 11 people were crushed to death as fans rushed to enter the arena.
	www.sptimes.com /News/122299/news_pf/Alive/For_10_000_Metallica_.shtml (619 words)

	RADEL: Festival seating
		By requesting festival seating, Bruce Springsteen is trading his fans' safety for some cheap thrills.
		“Festival seating creates the most dangerous rock concert environment where the most people are killed or injured,” said Paul Wertheimer.
		Excuses given for having festival seating at Bruce Springsteen's show are as a flimsy as a bootleg concert T-shirt.
	enquirer.com /editions/2002/08/08/loc_radel_festival.html (571 words)

	Festival seating back for Springsteen concert
		Festival seating is considered a factor in the crowd's fatal rush.
		Springsteen is requiring festival seating on this tour, the first time he has done so.
		Festival seating - where chairs are removed from arena floors to increase attendance and, say proponents, create a looser, more festive atmosphere - is making a comeback.
	www.enquirer.com /editions/2002/08/07/loc_festival_seating.html (805 words)

	CMA Fest 2006 Seating Explained
		The CMA Festival nightly concerts are held at the Titan's Coliseum and this is your only place at Fan Fair where you will have reserved seats.
		Lower Level Seating- The lower level seating is the 100 levels at the stadium.
		The major advantage to the lower level seating is most people sit down the entire time, and since it is stadium style seating you will not have a problem seeing over the person in front of you.
	www.go2fanfair.com /article-seating.htm (321 words)

	Maine Lobster Festival (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Seating within the ticketed reserved section is on a first-come basis.
		Festival goers may also enjoy the shows without seats, from further away.
		General Festival admission is free to all on Wednesday.
	www.mainelobsterfestival.com /tickets.cfm (158 words)

	USATODAY.com - Cincinnati lifts 25-year-old seating ban (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		CINCINNATI (AP) — The city council on Wednesday lifted a nearly 25-year ban on concert general admission seating that was imposed after 11 fans were crushed to death at a performance by the rock group The Who.
		Festival seating appeals to promoters because it is first-come, first-served, allowing the most enthusiastic fans to get near the stage and generate excitement for the rest of the crowd.
		Tickets will be sold before the day of the show, and all doors to the festival seating area will have to be opened two hours before the concert.
	www.usatoday.com /life/music/news/2004-08-05-cincinnati-seating-ban_x.htm (348 words)

	30th Annual Canmore Folk Music Festival - Lawn Chair Rage
		So in an effort to make the folk festival as enjoyable as possible for everyone, and to prevent the possibility of "lawn chair rage" (a growing concern), the area in front of the main stage has been divided into four areas for your seating and dancing enjoyment:
		Day Dance Floor Seating: Open seating for "low-sitters" during the day, but beware, as the evening progresses, dancers will take up more space so you may either have to relocate, or start dancing with them (resistance will be futile).
		Normal Seating: The maximum chair size is 24 inches from the ground to the top of the chair back, including maximum leg length of 8 inches (for your chair, not you).
	www.canmorefolkfestival.com /seating.html (386 words)

	Contra Costa Childrens Chorus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Chorus families (Levels WC1, WC2, WC3, WC4, Boys) who prepaid for tickets, will be issued 5 Festival seating tickets for the concert at which their chorister performs.
		Festival Seating: Doors will be opened just as soon as the children have finished rehearsing.
		Early seating is NOT an opportunity to save seats for guests entering later.
	www.childrenschorus.org /TicketOrderForms/WCadditional.htm (316 words)

	Woods Hole Film Festival 2004
		Festival staff will reveiw the list as soon as it’s provided and indicate the number of available seats based on venue and other variables.
		A filmmaker's festival package including festival pass, schedule of events, complimentary screening tickets, Woods Hole info, sponsor promotions, etc. will be provided to filmmakers upon their arrival.
		Any behavior deemed to be inappropriate by the festival director in combination with his/her staff may serve as grounds for reconsideration for inclusion in the Festival.
	www.woodsholefilmfestival.com /archive/2004/2004selection.html (492 words)

	Seattle International Film Festival 2002
		Platinum Passes are $750.00 and include admission to all Festival screenings, the Filmmakers Forum, and Press screenings (with the exception of the Secret Festival), reserved seating at the Opening and Closing Night Galas, and an invitation for the passholder and a guest to attend a private Festival reception.
		Festival Forum individual tickets are $10 and passes are $65.00 for admission to all Talking Pictures, Screenwriters Salon, and Festival Forum events.
		Secret Festival memberships are $25.00 for admission to the four Secret Festival screenings on Sundays at 11:30 pm at the Egyptian Theatre.
	www.seattlefilm.com /siff2002/tickets (934 words)

	CityBeat: Editorial (2002-08-14)
		Arena management, backed by the city's police and fire departments, was granted a waiver from Cincinnati's ban on festival seating at concerts.
		The Springsteen show is the perfect opportunity for city leaders and local concert promoters to take a tentative step back into festival seating -- only 11 percent of the tickets being sold are general admission (floor seats only), and Springsteen draws an older (i.e., less frenzied) crowd.
		Pretending that the ban on festival seating doesn't hurt Cincinnati -- by keeping more and more quality concerts out of town -- is simply ignorant.
	www.citybeat.com /2002-08-14/editorial.shtml (743 words)

	FAQs: Ziegler Kettle Moraine Jazz Festival - West Bend, Wisconsin
		Seating will be available on a first come, first serve basis.
		The stage and audience area is under the festival's unique tension-style super structure.
		Chairs can be placed on the outer perimeter of the rows of festival chairs under the tent and at the rear of the tent.
	www.kmjazz.com /faq.htm (679 words)

	Welcome to Penn's Landing (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-10)
		Festival Pier is located at Spring Garden and Columbus Blvd, across from Egypt nightclub.
		Festival Pier is located at the North end of Penn's landing at the intersection of Spring Garden Street and Columbus Blvd.
		The concerts at Festival Pier presented by Electric Factory, Jam on the River, and Sippin' by the River are the only events that have an admission price.
	www.pennslandingcorp.com /default.aspx?pn=faq (2871 words)

	Passes \| Guide to 2005 Seattle International Film Festival
		While a pass (with the exception of Platinum and Gala passes) does not guarantee seating, passholders are allowed priority entry up to 20 minutes before showtime or until the passholder seat allotment has been reached.
		Platinum Passes are $900 and include admission to all Festival screenings, the Festival Forums, and press screenings (with the exception of the Secret Festival), reserved seating at the Opening and Closing Night Galas, and an invitation for the passholder and a guest to attend a private festival reception.
		Festival Forums Passes are $100 for admission to all Festival Forums events.
	www.seattlefilm.org /festival/about/passes.aspx?FID=5 (488 words)

	Country Jam USA Grand Junction, Colorado
		The festivals have proven to be a strong economic boost to their respective locations producing over $20M in tourism dollars.
		The success of the festivals is shared by everyone: the fans, the community, local non-profit orginizations, participating vendors and local, regional and national sponsors who utilize the Country Jam USA® event to enhance their marketing efforts.
		Reserved Seating is new to the Colorado festival in 1999.
	www.achieveweb.com /clients/countryjam/gj.htm (896 words)

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