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Expression of Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer in Human Placenta and Fetal Membranes at Term Labor -- Li ... of the placenta and fetal membranes from the maternal uterus fetal membrane rupture, and detachment of the placenta and fetal of the fetal membranes and detachment of the placenta from maternal jcem.endojournals.org /cgi/content/full/89/6/2897   (4410 words)

I. Embryology. 11. Development of the Fetal Membranes and Placenta. Gray, Henry. 1918. Anatomy of the Human Body. Bryce and Teacher 7 the point of entrance was visible as a small gap closed by a mass of fibrin and leucocytes; in the ovum described by Peters, 8 the opening was covered by a mushroom-shaped mass of fibrin and blood-clot (Fig. The thickness and vascularity of the mucous membrane are greatly increased; its glands are elongated and open on its free surface by funnel-shaped orifices, while their deeper portions are tortuous and dilated into irregular spaces. The fetal and maternal blood currents traverse the placenta, the former passing through the bloodvessels of the placental villi and the latter through the intervillous space (Fig. www.bartleby.com /107/12.html   (3196 words)

GE Healthcare - Product Features - Online CME Courses The fetal chorion is the fusion of the trophoblast and extraembryonic mesenchyme. The fetal placenta is anchored to the maternal placenta by the cytotrophoblastic shell and anchoring villi. Membranes The fetal membranes consist of the chorion, amnion, allantois, and yolk sac. www.gehealthcare.com /usen/education/proff_leadership/products/msucmepl.html   (4000 words)

Human Fetal Membranes: Their Preterm Premature Rupture -- Bryant-Greenwood and Millar 63 (6): 1575 -- Biology of ... to the weakening and rupture of the fetal membranes [9]. The accommodation of the fetal membranes to the rapid fetal Fetal membrane distention: determination of the intrauterine surface area and distention of the fetal membranes preterm and at term. www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/63/6/1575/b   (3396 words)

Retained Fetal Membranes in the Mare Retention of the fetal membranes (RFM) is one of the most common peripartum problems in the mare, with an incidence in the range from 2% to 10%. The precise cause of retained fetal membranes remains unclear. The allantochorionic membrane is gently separated from the endometrium by moving one of the hands between them. www.equine-reproduction.com /articles/RFM.shtml   (1754 words)

Chapter 20 How and Why the Fetal Membranes Are Ruptured Artificially The fetal membranes protect the baby by forming a barrier to infection within the underwater world of the amniotic sac. Although natural rupture of the membranes is more likely as labor progresses and the cervix dilates, in some instances the membranes may rupture shortly before labor begins-even if the cervix has not dilated at all. Meconium is a sticky, green substance that is produced by the fetal intestine; it is the equivalent of a bowel movement. www.askdramy.com /Chap20.html   (639 words)

HON Mother & Child Glossary, Rupture of the Membranes The rupture of the membranes is the breaking of the membranes containing the foetus and amniotic fluid, usually followed by the first stage of birth: labour. Premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) refers to leakage of amniotic fluid in the absence of labor irrespective of gestational age. There is evidence to suggest that when the membranes are stressed, either by internal pressure due to labor or by infection, they are weakened and have an increased susceptibility to premature rupture. www.hon.ch /Dossier/MotherChild/labor_complications/rupture_membranes.html   (310 words)

Perinatal Research Center - Preterm Labor Syndrome We developed an amniochorion organ explant system to document the fetal membrane cytokine response to an in vitro model of IAI.6 The organ explant system was developed to preserve the integrity of the amniochorion and allow the investigation of this tissue as a functional unit. Membranes were collected from women at the time of elective repeat C-section, before the onset of labor, with no history of infection and/or other pregnancy related complications. We hypothesize that intact fetal membranes are the primary originators of the immune response in the amniotic cavity and that the cytokine network interaction in fetal membranes may determine the outcome of labor. www.perinatalresearch.com /pnr/pretermlabourmore.html   (1986 words)

Preterm Premature Rupture of the Membranes Chorion is a 2 - 10 mm layer of cuboid cells, adherent to the decidua and perfused by dense vascularisation. The histopathology of the placenta, AL and membranes revealing the presence of germs were associated with pre-term birth at a rate of 23% (45; 48). The clinical outcome of prterm premature rupture of membranes in twin versus singleton pregnancies. www.gfmer.ch /Endo/PGC_network/Preterm_premature_rupture_Gjoni.htm   (3093 words)

Medical Library Search Premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is a complication in one quarter to one third of preterm births. Patients usually are excluded from analysis in the presence of labor, infection, prolapsed membranes, and fetal demise, thus potentially exaggerating the latency period to delivery and deceptively decreasing the apparent maternal and infant morbidity. The fetal survival rate subsequent to PROM at less than 24 weeks of gestation has been reported to be about 30%, compared with a 57% survival rate with rupture at 24-26 weeks of gestation (25). www.medem.com /search/article_display.cfm?path=n:&mstr=/ZZZC0CHLUJC.html&soc=ACOG&srch_typ=NAV_SERCH   (1965 words)

Department of Reproductive Medicine Developmental expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its recptors in ovine placenta and fetal membranes. Fetal esophageal ligation induces expression of VEGF mRNA in fetal membranes. Prolonged hypoxia up-regulates VEGF mRNA expression in ovine fetal membranes and placenta. repromed.ucsd.edu /faculty/rmcheung.html   (218 words)

URMC Press Release The research has great significance: premature rupture of the membranes (your "water breaks" before the onset of labor) is associated with up to 50 percent of newborns delivered prior to 37 weeks gestation. Woods' initial research, which was used to support the request for the NIH grant, exposed fetal membranes obtained at delivery to hypochlorous acid. Woods' team found that when fetal membranes in the laboratory were treated with vitamins C and E, and then exposed to hypochlorous acid, they were protected from the tissue-damaging effects of the acid. www.urmc.rochester.edu /pr/news/archive/prom.html   (556 words)

Perinatal-Pediatric Essays An umbilical cord that inserts into the fetal membranes, rather than into the placental disk, is more prone to compression and tearing, particularly at the time of delivery. The incidence of fetal growth retardation and stillbirth is greater when a two vessel cord is present. This occurs with fetal distress that leads to release of meconium in utero in the amniotic cavity. www-medlib.med.utah.edu /WebPath/EXAM/ESSAY/PERIESSY.html   (848 words)

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tensile Strength of Fetal Membranes in Uncomplicated Labor -- UCHIDE et al. 95 (6): 851 ... is exacerbated, the likelihood of membrane rupture increases. The membrane specimen was raised toward the probe by the Puncture apparatus of the concentrated force applications, in which the membrane specimen is raised toward the probe by the jack at a rate of 0.2 cm/second. www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/full/95/6/851   (2404 words)

ACTIVATION OF APOPTOSIS IN PROM: CASPASE INDEPENDENT? RNA extracted from fetal membranes was reverse transcribed and a multiple PCR (MPCR) strategy was used to study the expression of caspases 3, 5, 8, 9, and Apaf (caspase activation factor). These preliminary data indicate the existence of a caspase independent apoptotic pathway in fetal membranes during PROM distinct from the Fas-FasL pathway seen in most of the tissues. We have earlier documented that PROM (in vivo) and infection (in vitro) are associated with a molecular imbalance in the ratio between MMPs and TIMPs in human fetal membranes.[5, 6] This increased bioavailability of MMPs may cause membrane degradation and rupture. www.perinatalresearch.com /pnr/apoptosis.html   (1330 words)

Alternatively spliced tenascin-C mRNA isoforms in human fetal membranes -- Bell et al. 5 (11): 1066 -- Molecular Human ... The membrane was hybridized overnight with the following exon specific oligonucleotide probes: lanes 1 and 2 with T16P, lanes 3 and 4 with T14P and lanes 5 and 6 with T12P. French, J.I. and McGregor, J.A. (1996) The pathobiology of premature rupture of membranes. McLaren, J., Taylor, D.J. and Bell, S.C. (1999) Increased pro-matrix metalloproteinase-9 in term fetal membranes overlying the cervix prior to labour: implications for membrane remodelling and rupture. molehr.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/5/11/1066   (6316 words)

Interleukin-10 Inhibition of Gelatinases in Fetal Membranes: Therapeutic Implications in Preterm Premature Rupture of ... Interleukin-10 Inhibition of Gelatinases in Fetal Membranes: Therapeutic Implications in Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes -- Fortunato et al. causing weakening of the membrane and predisposition to rupture. A role for matrixmetalloproteinase-9 in spontaneous rupture of the fetal membranes. www.greenjournal.org /cgi/content/full/98/2/284   (2074 words)

Secretions of Interleukin-1{beta} and Tumor Necrosis Factor {alpha} by Whole Fetal Membranes Depend on Initial ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) The fetal membranes were held with silicone rubber rings in the upper chamber of a Transwell unit. Evidence of in vivo differential bioavailability of the active forms of matrix metalloproteinases 9 and 2 in parturition, spontaneous rupture of membranes, and intraamniotic infection. Expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1ß and interleukin-6) in amniochorionic membranes. www.biolreprod.org /cgi/content/full/71/4/1296   (3826 words)

Prolonged Preterm Rupture of Fetal Membranes, a Consequence of an Increased Maternal Anti-fetal T Cell Responsiveness ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) membranes are decisive factors in the pathophysiology of PPROM Mercer BM 2003 Preterm premature rupture of the membranes. in the premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor pathways. www.pedresearch.org /cgi/content/full/58/4/648   (4059 words)

Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Spontaneous Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes -- Yang et al. 104 (12): 537 -- ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Maternal and Fetal Outcomes of Spontaneous Preterm Premature Rupture of Membranes -- Yang et al. Degree of oligohydramnios and pregnancy outcome in patients with premature rupture of the membranes. Association of oligohydramnios in women with preterm premature rupture of membranes with an inflammatory response in fetal, amniotic and maternal compartments. www.jaoa.org /cgi/content/full/104/12/537   (2493 words)

Seth M. Guller Ph.D.   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Preterm delivery (PTD), a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity, is associated with a marked reduction in ECM proteins in fetal membranes. Elucidation of the mechanism of GC effects on placental and fetal membrane ECM proteins is of immediate clinical relevance in light of the current NIH recommendation for antenatal use of GC for enhancement of fetal lung maturity. In this project we are currently testing the hypothesis that expression of FasL by specific cells in placenta and fetal membranes affords protection against the cytotoxic actions of Fas-bearing maternal lymphocytes at uterine-placental and fetal membrane-decidual interfaces and in part confers immune privilege to the fetus. www.med.nyu.edu /Research/S.Guller-res.html   (406 words)

Unit on Maternal Fetal Medicine   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Although some investigators have proposed that pregnancy is an “anti-inflammatory state” thought to be beneficial for survival of the fetal semi-allograft, others have suggested that pregnancy is characterized by “activation of the innate immune system” to compensate for impaired adaptive immunity and to protect the mother from infection. Phenotypic and metabolic profile of monocytes and granulocytes in preeclampsia, pre-term labor, and pre-term premature rupture of membranes: Flow cytometry studies indicated that these three complications of pregnancy are associated with phenotypic and metabolic changes consistent with activation. We conducted a study to determine mRNA expression profiles with microarrays to classify pre-term birth with intact membranes and PPROM in the presence and absence of acute chorioamnionitis. nichddirsage.nichd.nih.gov:8080 /ar2004/pages/prb/umfm.htm   (2085 words)

UNSW Embryology- Beginnings, Growth and Development - Placenta-fetal membranes MFAC 1503 Session 2 2004 Practical 8: Fetal Membranes and Placenta The laboratory class is coordinated by Dr Brian Freeman. In this first set of images of the stage 11 conceptus we will begin at the outer margin of the chorionic sac and then work inward to the other fetal membranes, finally looking at a cross-section of the embryo and associated fetal membranes. Note the precipitated protein in the extra-embryonic coelom and in the yolk sac, and the start of the formation of the intra-embryonic coelom between ectoderm and entoderm, at the cranial (rostral) end of the expansion dome. embryology.med.unsw.edu.au /Medicine/BGDlab8.htm   (913 words)

Evidence for a Role of Phosphodiesterase 4 in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Prostaglandin E2 Production and Matrix ...   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) Physiological rupture of fetal membranes, the amnion and chorion, In parallel, incubation of fetal membranes with rolipram Interleukin-10 inhibition of gelatinases in fetal membranes: therapeutic implications in preterm premature rupture of membranes. www.jimmunol.org /cgi/content/full/174/12/8082   (4615 words)

Placental Structure and Classification The fetal portions of this type of placenta are called cotyledons, the maternal contact sites (caruncles), and the cotyledon-caruncle complex a placentome. Chorionic epithelium, the outermost layer of fetal membranes derived from trophoblast. In humans, fetal chorionic epithelium is bathed in maternal blood because chorionic villi have eroded through maternal endothelium. arbl.cvmbs.colostate.edu /hbooks/pathphys/reprod/placenta/structure.html   (565 words)

Just What Is Vasa Previa?   (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23) revia is a rare (1:3000), heartbreaking condition in which the fetal blood vessels, unsupported by either the umbilical cord or placental tissue, traverse the fetal membranes (bag of waters) across the lower segment of the uterus between the baby and the cervical opening. The condition has a very high fetal mortality rate (50-100%) due to fetal exsanguination resulting from fetal vessels tearing when the amniotic membranes rupture or because the vessels become pinched off as they are compressed between the baby and the walls of the birth canal. The membranes between the lobes in such placentas can be torn during delivery, and the extra lobe can be retained after rest of the placenta has been delivered, with consequent postpartum bleeding. pages.progidy.net /nathanparis/vp.htm   (995 words)

Fetal Death, UpToDate If the knot is loose and fetal circulation is maintained the fetus can survive, but if the knot is tightened, then there can be constriction of the blood vessels and fetal circulation can not be maintained. Velamentous insertion, which occurs in about 1 percent of singleton births, is the insertion of the umbilical cord vessels into the external membranes prior to their penetration into the placenta. The causes of fetal death are often complex and sometimes even unknown, however, certain causes of fetal demise have higher incidences during specific periods of gestation. info.med.yale.edu /obgyn/kliman/placenta/articles/UpToDate.html   (2237 words)

Transport of maternal LDL and HDL to the fetal membranes and placenta of the Golden Syrian hamster is mediated by ... Transport of maternal LDL and HDL to the fetal membranes and placenta of the Golden Syrian hamster is mediated by receptor-dependent and receptor-independent processes -- Wyne and Woollett 39 (3): 518 -- Journal of Lipid Research Transport of maternal LDL and HDL to the fetal membranes and placenta of the Golden Syrian hamster is mediated by receptor-dependent and receptor-independent processes of the fetus, placenta, yolk sac, and uterine membrane increased www.jlr.org /cgi/content/full/39/3/518   (7702 words)

Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology PROM (rupture of fetal membranes < 37 weeks gestation) comprises only 3-4% of all pregnancies, yet PROM accounts for 40-60% of all premature deliveries and is the largest contributor to neonatal morbidity and mortality. Collagen formation and its regulation in the amnion is paramount to fetal membrane strength and is synthesized presumably by the fibroblasts (collagen I) and by the amniotic epithelial cells (collagen IV-basement membrane) that reside there. The fetal membranes consist of two layers: the amnion and the chorion. www.urmc.rochester.edu /obgyn/faculty/MPlessinger.html   (707 words)

Antibiotics did not prevent adverse outcomes after preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes -- Johanson 6 (5): 138 ... Broad-spectrum antibiotics for preterm, prelabour rupture of fetal membranes: the ORACLE I randomised trial. The contribution of mild and moderate preterm birth to infant mortality. Fetal and infant health study group of the Canadian perinatal surveillance system. ebm.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/6/5/138   (804 words)

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