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Topic: Fetal pole

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	MCHFirst Trimester of Pregnancy
		Fetal cells as early as 6 weeks have Rh D antigen. Identify babies who could be sick or die from Rh disease (hemolytic disease of newborn) and women who should receive anti-D immunoglobulin (Ig) to prevent this disease.
		Peak systolic velocity of the fetal middle cerebral artery as determined by sonographic Doppler evaluation has been demonstrated to correlate with degree of fetal anemia, allowing for noninterventional diagnosis and management of fetal isoimmunization; however, the definitive treatment is intrauterine fetal transfusion.
		The fetal ECG is detected, and the R wave is the signal used for peak detection and for counting.
	faculty.washington.edu /alexbert/MEDEX/Winter/MCHFirstTrimesterPregnancy.htm (10323 words)

	Fetal Pole On Ultrasound (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Ultrasound, 4d-ultrasound, fetal movements, fetal growth, medical Used only in the first few weeks of pregnancy to describe the bundle of cells that be the baby fetal pole an ultrasound term to describe the embryo - the first signs of a baby on scan yolk sac
		Sonogram and diagnostic ultrasound Visualization and measurement of the gestational sac, yolk sac, fetal pole cord, amniotic membranes, amniotic fluid, fetal biometry and fetal anatomy.
		Obgyn editorial advisor beryl benacerraf Decidual cast mimicking an intrauterine gestational sac and fetal pole in a patient with in rodeck and whittle: ultrasound of fetal anomalies.
	www.ultrasoundadvisor.com /fetal_pole_on_ultrasound.html (753 words)

	Nationwide Medical Malpractice Experts, all specialties, Free Consultations
		Fetal demise at 37 weeks gestation after cervical cerclage suture was removed.
		Fetal distress with negligent delay in cesarean section delivery, causing increase of risk of premature newborn intra-cerebral hemorrhage.
		With monitoring, if there was any fetal distress, urgent transfer to a high risk center (or transfer there initially for monitoring), and a timely C-section would take place without the fetus being subjected to the extremes it sustained which caused her brain damage.
	www.malpracticeinvestigations.com /obstetrics.php (5244 words)

	Fetal pole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fetal pole is a thickening on the margin of the yolk sac of a fetus during pregnancy.
		The fetal pole may be seen at 2-4 mm crown-rump length (CRL), and heart motion is often detected when it is seen.
		In the embryo, the heartbeat is seen as a regular flutter, which should be first evident at 5 mm CRL.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fetal_pole (145 words)

	[No title]
		The purpose of the fall meeting of the Society for Fetal Urology was to highlight advances in the pre- and postnatal detection of ectopic ureterocele, the radiological definition of their anatomy, and to explore the controversies concerning postnatal management.
		The need for surgery at the level of the kidney can be significantly decreased by allowing preservation of upper pole function and/or decreasing dilatation of the upper pole such that the risk of infection after successful ureteral reimplantation or incision in the absence of ureteral reflux is significantly reduced.
		Fetal cystoscopy was subsequently performed at 26 weeks gestation revealing extensive bladder trabeculations, dilated posterior urethra, and completely obstructing diaphragmatic membranes distal to the verumontanum.
	main.uab.edu /fetalurology/show.asp?durki=67731&site=3350&return=68385 (3283 words)

	Prenatal Care - New Treatments, January 2, 2007
		Fetal heart tones can be detected as early as 11-12 weeks from the last menstrual period (LMP) by Doppler.
		Fetal movements ("quickening") are first felt by the patient.
		Ultrasound will visualize a gestational sac at 5-6 weeks and a fetal pole with movement and cardiac activity by 7-8 weeks.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals2a/prenatal_care.htm (329 words)

	Concerns Regarding early Fetal Development : American Pregnancy Association
		The fetal pole is the first visible sign of a developing embryo.
		The fetal pole may be seen at a crown-rump length (CRL) of 2-4mm, and the heartbeat may be seen as a regular flutter when the CRL has reached 5mm.
		A strong fetal heartbeat should be detectable by ultrasound, with a heartbeat of 140-170 bpm by the 9th week.
	americanpregnancy.org /pregnancycomplications/earlyfetaldevelopment.htm (1916 words)

	Concerns Regarding early Fetal Development : American Pregnancy Association
		The fetal pole may be seen at a crown-rump length (CRL) of 2-4mm, and the heartbeat may be seen as a regular flutter when the CRL has reached 5mm.
		The guideline is that if the gestational sac measures >16-18mm with no fetal pole or the fetal pole measures 5mm with no heartbeat (by vaginal ultrasound), then a diagnosis of miscarriage or blighted ovum is made.
		A strong fetal heartbeat should be detectable by ultrasound, with a heartbeat of 140-170 bpm by the 9th week.
	www.americanpregnancy.org /pregnancycomplications/earlyfetaldevelopment.htm (1916 words)

	Self Eval Section 4
		A) Since the yolk sac is present, the nonvisualization of the fetal pole indicates an anembryonic gestation.
		B) The cystic structure next to the fetal pole is a sacroccygeal teratoma.
		C) The cystic structure adjacent to the fetal pole is the yolk sac.
	www.obgyn.ufl.edu /ultrasound/MedinfoVersion/sec4/exam/se4.html (753 words)

	e-University
		Palpation of the uterine fundus to determine which fetal pole "head or breech" is present in the fundus.
		Purpose of exam is to assess the status of membranes, fetal presentation and position, engagement, effacement, cervical dilatation and station.
		In cases where the fetal heart rate tracing is normal and the patient is at low risk a large dose of narcotic plus antihistamine may be administered in order to allow the patient to rest for several hours.
	www.childbirths.com /euniversity/laboranddeliveryskills.htm (6809 words)

	Pole - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In physics, Landau pole is the energy scale where a coupling constant of a quantum field theory becomes infinite
		Margaret Pole (1473–1541), Countess of Salisbury, daughter of George Plantagenet (brother of Edward IV and Richard III of England)
		Richard de la Pole (died 1525 in Milan) was a pretender to the English crown
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Pole (703 words)

	Determining the viability of early pregnancies: two case reports Journal of Family Practice - Find Articles
		Ultrasonography and quantitative measurement of the [beta]-subunit of human chorionic gonadatropin ([bega]-HCG) have raised the expectation that early determination of fetal viability is possible.
		No fetal pole was visualized, however, and the possibility of a blighted ovum or an incomplete abortion was raised (Figure 2).
		Single samples of [beta]-HCG are not reliable predictors of fetal viability[4,5]; therefore, serial measurements of [beta]-HCG are advocated.[2,6-12] The character of [beta]-HCG levels to rise in normal pregnancy has led to the use of the [beta]-HCG "doubling time" to establish viability.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0689/is_n4_v33/ai_11492546 (765 words)

	Ultrasonography - New Methods and Harmful Effects, January 2, 2007
		The components of a basic examination during the second and third trimesters are determination of gestational age; fetal number, viability, and lie; placental location and grade; and volume of amniotic fluid.
		In the late first trimester, fetal anatomy can be seen in the fetus but occasionally is difficult to interpret.
		If the fetal pole cannot yet be distinguished, a set of twins may be missed in this circumstance.
	www.ccspublishing.com /journals3a/ultrasonography.htm (559 words)

	Pregnancy Forum - Fetal Pole????
		I did a scan yesterday and the doc said that the fetal pole is not yet seen.
		the "fetal pole" is actually not a fetus, but rather is the embryo at a very early stage where it doesn't look like much of anything other than a small thickening at the side of the yolk sack.
		It is generally so small that no details can be seen on ultrasound, and all that is visible is a small line/"pole." it generally isn't visible until around the 6th week, so there is no reason for concern.
	ehealthforum.com /health/topic32436.html (664 words)

	Scarcity of oxygen. What is fetal hypoxia?
		Doctors use amnioscopy to estimate fetal condition while suspicion of retarded birth, chronic and acute fetal hypoxia, rhesus-factor, anamnesis record (habitual non-carrying of pregnancy, spontaneous abortions, acute gestational toxicosis, premature birth).
		Color of amniotic fluid, which is also an indicator of fetal condition in uterus, is detected, as a rule, during dilating stage of labor, after discharge of amniotic fluid.
		If doctors suspect chronic fetal hypoxia (toxicosis, extragenital diseases and others), they hospitalize pregnant woman or send her to a diagnostic and treatment center to investigate fetal condition, discover reason of hypoxia.
	www.baby-health.net /articles/362.html (1496 words)

	when should the fetal pole be evident? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		and read the cases of women who were told that their babies had no fetal pole or heartbeat and then had their babies.
		As mentioned we had the second scan today and the uterus has doubled in size and the yolk sack was still present with a very small fetal pole of 2.4mm.
		We have been given the impression that the pregnancy is not viable and we are due to have another scan in 7 days, after which if a heart beat is still not detected the nurse has said we will have a "little chat"....
	www.medhelp.org /forums/maternal/messages/C35229-8.html (1447 words)

	What does the term "fetal pole" mean? - BlurtIt
		The Fetal Pole is seen during pregnancy as a thickening on the margin of the yolk sac.
		The fetal pole is not really a fetus but is the embryo during a very early stage of pregnancy.
		Usually a fetal pole is observed at 2-4 mm CRL that is Crown Rump Length, and when it is seen, heart motion is most likely detected.
	www.blurtit.com /q411755.html (264 words)

	Miscarriage Risks
		At seven weeks and with a fetal heart rate above 100 beats per minute, or bpm, it would probably be less than 10%.
		About five weeks after your last period (three weeks after fertilization), the fetal heart starts beating, and a week or so later, can first be seen by transvaginal ultrasound.
		A normal fetal heart rate at six weeks is about 90 bpm to 113 bpm; at nine weeks, it's up to 144 bpm to 170 bpm.
	www.webmd.com /content/Article/44/3608_688.htm (308 words)

	Center for Advanced Reproductive Medicine at the Univ. of Colorado - Boulder, Colorado Springs, Aurora, CO - Use of ...
		Early investigators spoke of a "double decidual sac" sign wherein it was believed that the two layers of the deciduas (capsularis and parietalis) had to be present to make a definitive diagnosis of an intrauterine pregnancy.
		Others believed the diagnosis of an intrauterine pregnancy should not be made until a fetal pole was seen in the developing sac.
		The echogenic rim in an intrauterine pregnancy is now known to be the result of the trophoblastic decidual reaction that occurs as the primary villi (fetal origin) invade the maternal deciduas.
	www.coloradoinfertilitydoctors.com /ultrasound.shtml (1052 words)

	COEM....Concepts Of Environmental Medicine
		Therefore, CRL of the embryo or later fetal measurements should be used in preference to sac measurements for gestational age assessments.
		Very early in the first trimester, the echolucent gestational sac is mainly filled by the extraembryonic coelom and the small fetal pole is really the embryo, the yolk sac and the tiny amniotic sac.
		Although not diagnostic in itself, observation of the internal os and measurement of the length of the cervical canal near the end of the first trimester may be of value in assessing competence of the cervix.
	www.coem.com /pre-slide.asp (1238 words)

	Miscarriages and D&C
		Or it may torment you with equivocal blood work and ultrasounds too early to even identify a fetal pole.
		The Medical lexicographers will argue that if it's past the first trimester, fetal death is no longer called a miscarriage but instead called a fetal demise.
		Intrauterine death, be it a miscarriage or a fetal demise, is no more a miscarriage than other ways in which a pregnancy can go astray.
	www.babyzone.com /loadpage/article.asp?contentid=189&ppge=t (932 words)

	Medical management of early fetal demise using a combination of mifepristone and misoprostol -- Wagaarachchi et al. 16 ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		of early fetal demise, although it is not as effective as surgery.
		was >6 mm and of an anembryonic pregnancy by absent fetal
		pole in a gestational sac >25 mm in diameter.
	humrep.oxfordjournals.org /cgi/content/full/16/9/1849 (2768 words)

	Introduction: Approach to the Pregnant Woman and Prenatal Care: Merck Manual Professional
		Estimates of gestational age are based on measurements of fetal head circumference, biparietal diameter, abdominal circumference, and femur length.
		Other indications are determination of placental location, fetal position and size, and size of the uterus in relation to given gestational dates (too small or too large).
		With real-time ultrasonography, fetal movements and heart motion can be directly observed as early as 5 to 6 wk.
	www.merck.com /mmpe/print/sec18/ch259/ch259a.html (1521 words)

	Ultrasound Update. Not good! More ?'s - General Parenting
		Measured at 6.3 weeks but there was definitely no heart beat and she mentioned something about no fetal pole but when we questioned her on the issue she did not offer more info.
		For instance, her arm buds appeared later, we saw her fetal pole much later, her yolk sac was smaller and didn't appear until later...just a lot of differences.
		The OB was like "I think that a fetal pole but I'm not sure." I had to wait a few more weeks until we were sure.
	www3.fertilethoughts.com /forums/showthread.php?t=404460 (1027 words)

	ABORTION
		There is usually a history of PV bleeding and lower abdominal pain, although an empty gestational sac (or fetal pole with absent FH) may be an asymptomatic finding at booking scan.
		Fetal pole with no FH An FH is usually seen on TV scan if the fetal pole is >2–3 mm, but will always be seen by 6 mm (Fig.
		Figure 5.3 Intrauterine gestational sac (note the double decidual ring) with a 5 mm fetal pole and yolk sac.
	www.orgyn.com /resources/magowan/HC005001.asp (1703 words)

	Birthcare - Pregnancy Discussion Forums - My doctor is scaring me...
		I had an ultrasound done on Tuesday which only showed a yolk sac and fetal pole...my doctor was very concerned, hugging me and telling me this might not be a good pregnancy if I'm certain about my dates.
		Once I got home, I did some research, and everywhere I read states that at 5 weeks gestational age (which would have been from 12/12), an ultrasound will show exactly what we saw; that a heartbeat won't yet be apparent, and may not be for a week or two.
		I thought that seeing the fetal pole was a good thing; what are the chances that the yolk sac and fetal pole never amount to anything?
	www.mybirthcare.com /forum/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=761 (947 words)

	COMPUTERS IN MEDICINE PROJECT (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-04)
		Estimation of gestational age by ultrasound evaluation for confirmation of clinical dating for patients who are to undergo elective repeat cesarean delivery, induction of labor, or elective termination of pregnancy.
		Evaluation of fetal growth (when the patient has an identified etiology for uteroplacental insufficiency, such as severe preeclampsia, chronic hypertension, chronic significant renal disease, or severe diabetes mellitus, or for other medical complications of pregnancy when fetal malnutrition, i.e., intrauterine growth restriction or macrosomia, is suspected).
		No fetal parts or fetal heart sounds even though the uterus may be enlarged to a level at or above the umbilicus.
	www.meddean.luc.edu /lumen/MedEd/Radio/curriculum/OBGYN/flashcards.htm (2289 words)

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