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| | Electronic Fetal Monitorw |
 | | Before the invention of the electronic fetal monitor in the 1950s, nurses and doctors periodically monitored the baby's heartbeat themselves by placing a stethoscope on the mother's abdomen. |
 | | Electronic monitors, attached to the mother by large belts strapped around her abdomen, continuously print out a record of both the fetal heartbeat and the strength, duration, and frequency of the uterine contractions, so that deviations from normal patterns can be identified. |
 | | In contrast, in Pat's response to the fetal monitor, as well as in her demand for the enema and her earlier conversion of the wheelchair to a luggage cart, we can observe that by maintaining conceptual distance from the technocratic model, Pat is able to avoid conceptual fusion with the messages sent by obstetrical procedures. |
| www.birthpsychology.com /messages/efm/efm.html (1352 words) |
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