
	Where results make sense

Topic: Fetiales

In the News (Fri 17 Feb 12)

EXECUTIVE POWER

Iran

ANALYSIS

Pakistan

Family compact

	Senate - LoveToKnow 1911
		Tradition ascribes to it the control of the interregnum and a power of sanctioning acts of state (patrum auctoritas), to which it is difficult to give any significance for this early period.
		It seems also to have possessed a customary right of controlling foreign policy, for the ancient formula of the Fetiales refers to the sanction of the patres (Livy i.
		From the senate also must have been chosen the delegates appointed by the king either to be his executive representative when he was absent in the field (praefectus urbi), or to assist him in jurisdiction (Ilviri perduellionis, quaestores parricidii).
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Senate (3025 words)

	fetiales - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about fetiales
		The fetiales held office for life and were responsible for rituals relating to the declaration of war and for procedures performed when peace treaties were concluded.
		When a state was considered to have acted in a hostile manner towards Rome, two members of the college were sent to make a formal demand for compensation.
		If the redress they demanded was not forthcoming within 30 days, the fetiales reported back to Rome, and if war was declared they crossed into the enemy's territory and threw a twin-pointed javelin.
	encyclopedia.farlex.com /fetiales (173 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, page 531 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		If a satisfactory answer was not returned within thirty days, after publicly delivering a solemn denunciation,—in which the gods celestial, terrestrial, and infernal were invoked,—of what might be expected to follow, he returned to Rome, and, accompanied by the rest of the fetiales, made a report of his mission to the senate.
		The services of the fetiales were considered absolutely essential in concluding a treaty (Liv.
		The number of the fetiales cannot be ascertained
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-dgra/0538.html (880 words)

	Roman Public Religion; roman history, roman civilization
		In its very early days, Rome responded to what it perceived to be a warlike act by a neighbor by sending four fetiales (there were 20 in the college) to demand restitution and promise war within a month if it were not made.
		One of the fetiales (the verbenarius - the herb man) carried soil and herbs that had been collected in Rome to protect the embassy on its dangerous mission to enemy territory.
		The fetiales, for example, were considered a "minor" college of priests.
	abacus.bates.edu /~mimber/Rciv/public.relig.htm (2952 words)

	Detail Page
		It was associated with a sacred oak tree, although some ancient authors maintained that the oak tree was cut down when the temple was built.
		There was no cult statue, only a scepter by which the fetiales swore, and a flint instrument (lapis silex) with which they sacrificed pigs.
		It was in a dilapidated condition when it became one of the first temples to be restored by Augustus.
	www.fofweb.com /Onfiles/Ancient/AncientDetail.asp?iPin=RREL0698 (205 words)

	[No title]
		A single priesthood, the fetiales, was involved in a fascinating intersection of military, religious, and legal powers.
		The boundaries separating those three powers are more distinct in the modern age, so their ancient symbiosis often seems mystifying, a problem Alan Watson attempts to unravel by exploring the beginnings of the archaic fetial priesthood.
		The explanation which I will develop...is that the fetiales were most likely a special creation of the Latins who were ethnically related...who had no common political institutions, but did share religious traditions, and were faced by powerful enemies.
	www.infomotions.com /serials/bmcr/bmcr-9402-seavey-international.txt (1701 words)

	Miskolc Journal of International Law
		This college composed of twenty priests of outstandingly high respect, and was chiefly responsible for the administration of external affairs of Rome, including the implementation of procedures concerning the commencement of war against another tribe or nation.
		During the period of imperial rule, the services of fetiales were increasingly set aside, while the declaration of war was usually communicated to the enemy by the competent military commander.
		Unlike the commencement of war, however, the conduct in war was not governed by such meticulous rules, the outcome of which is superbly illustrated by the Roman proverb “vae victis”.
	www.uni-miskolc.hu /~wwwdrint/20042sulyok1.htm (8684 words)

	Ethics of Roman Expansion to 133 BC by Sanderson Beck
		The law of Romulus that fathers could sell their children into slavery was amended to forbid the practice after the son was married.
		One of the eight sacred institutions established by Numa Pompilius was the college of the fetiales, who served for life as heralds to prevent conflicts from developing into war.
		The duty of the fetiales involved not allowing Rome to enter an unjust war.
	www.san.beck.org /EC24-RomanExpansion.html (15529 words)

	Fetialis (Nova Roma) - NovaRoma
		The fetiales (sing., fetialis), of which there shall be no more than twenty, form the Collegium Fetialium, fifth in rank among the Collegia Sacra.
		The Collegium Fetialium itself is concerned strictly with matters of diplomacy, and more specifically, obtaining divine authorisation for pursuing war and the conclusion of peace.
		In Nova Roma, the Fetiales act as diplomats with other nations and organisations.
	www.novaroma.org /wiki/Fetialis_(Nova_Roma) (83 words)

	TakingITGlobal - TakingITGlobal - Panorama
		When comparing the types of tactics and mindsets to an epicenter of history, perhaps the Roman Empire is a good choice.
		Along with their military might of numbers and technology, the Roman institution of ius fetiales, which forbade offensive war, but allowed only those with a just cause, such as defense, is an easy rationale to take when looking at the two situations.
		Yet the citizenry and the Republic upheld the rules of war, they claim, even while pledging itself to defense through the idea of ius fetiales.
	www.takingitglobal.org /express/panorama/article.html?ContentID=1241 (890 words)

	Ancient Roman Religion
		Under title of Feretrius was patron of college of Fetiales, whose priests goverend relations between Romans and foreigners according to the ius divinum.
		College of Fetiales, also very old, comprised twelve members who saw to it that the relations of Rome with her neighbors were carried on comformably to rule of law.
		Performed rites required for declaration or war or conclusion of peace, rites of a primitive, magical characater which still by their solemnity and precise minuteness, contributed to giving international relations a precise legal base.
	www.albany.edu /faculty/lr618/1romrel.html (3018 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 94.02.07
		This is a new topic for Watson, an appropriate extension of his previous work.
		In fact, the problem is why priests are allotted these tasks at all -- secular ambassadors, such as are found elsewhere, could also have performed these functions.
		is that the fetiales were most likely a special creation of the Latins who were ethnically related...
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/1994/94.02.07.html (1676 words)

	The Light of Alexandria, by James Maynard.
		If the land in question did not accept these terms, the proposal of a declaration of war would go before a panel of high priests, known as the Fetiales.
		Once this board determined that the war was just, a member of their group would head to the border of the land in question and throw a spear into the land of the enemy.
		As the Republic grew larger and it became difficult to bring these members of the Fetiales to the actual border in question, the Senate would dedicate a portion of the Senate room to the country or city-state to be attacked and the spear would be thrown into that instead.
	www.lightofalexandria.com /chap2.html (2803 words)

	College of Priests - Fetiales
		They who were a college of 20 members elected for life, whose job was to maintain the form of international relations between Rome and its neighbors.
		No war or peace could be declared or concluded without the approval of the Fetiales.
		In case of conflict with other nations, they gave an opinion, based on the merits of the case.
	www.ancientworlds.net /50618 (145 words)

	Integral & Integrative Spirituality :: Open Source Spirituality for an Awakening Evolutionary Divine
		of war against Antony and Cleopatra, in B.C. 32, by means of the Fetiales.
		The Fetiales were a very ancient priestly college which acted, under the direction of the Senate, as the representatives of international law.
		It was through them that all treaties and all declarations of war had been made, but it seems probable that this custom had fallen into desuetude after the Punic wars, and that accordingly the college had lapsed into insignificance, if it had not died out altogether.
	www.integrativespirituality.org /postnuke/html/static-docs_Books-Classics-Religion_of_Numa-numa07.htm (7784 words)

	Philip A. Stadter, section 1
		Was this a special time to give attention to the pontifices, the Vestals, the Salii, the Fetiales?
		Other etymologies mark the peacekeeping mission of the Fetiales,
		33 Like Romulus, Numa gives many etymologies or translations of words tied to Roman institutions: Celeres (7.8), flamen (7.9, with two other words close to Greek, laena and camillus), Tacita (8.11), Fetiales (12.5), Salii (13.7), ancilia (13.9-10), Hilicium (15.10), Fides and Terminus (16.1) and the names of the months (19.4-11).
	www.stoa.org /hopper/text.jsp?doc=Stoa:text:2001.01.0002:section=1&highlight= (5709 words)

	Amazon.ca: International Law in Archaic Rome: War and Religion: Books: Alan Watson (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		This particular and unique blend of history requires a particular student.
		In Professor Watson the Roman fetiales have found that student." -- Jerzy Linderski, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
		Alan Watson focuses on the Roman priests known as the fetiales, whose sole duties were declaring war, demanding reparations before war began, and making treaties.
	www.amazon.ca /International-Law-Archaic-Rome-Religion/dp/0801845068 (238 words)

	Livy
		Fusium fecit, verbena caput capillosque tangens, pater patratus ad ius iurandum patrandum, id est, sanciendum fit foedus; multisque id verbis, quae longo effata carmine non operae est referre, peragit.
		fetiales to recite their message from the Roman Senate to an oak tree.
		Let both this oak and whatever gods there are here listen and hear that the treaty has been broken by you, and let Them attend now to our complaint and presently support our arms, as we shall avenge the violation of the rights of the Gods and men alike.
	religioromana.net /romanprayers-piscinus/livy.htm (2899 words)

	Livy
		Fusium fecit, verbena caput capillosque tangens, pater patratus ad ius iurandum patrandum, id est, sanciendum fit foedus; multisque id verbis, quae longo effata carmine non operae est referre, peragit.
		fetiales to recite their message from the Roman Senate to an oak tree.
		Let both this oak and whatever gods there are here listen and hear that the treaty has been broken by you, and let Them attend now to our complaint and presently support our arms, as we shall avenge the violation of the rights of the Gods and men alike.
	www.religioromana.net /romanprayers-piscinus/livy.htm (2899 words)

	CQD Roman History Review - Conquest of Italy Begins
		College of Fetiales appointed by kings to preserve and expand the rules
		Rerum repetitio. Four fetiales sent to demand restitution.
		Testatio deorum. If restitution not received within 30 days, gods were called to witness that Rome's case was right.
	www.geocities.com /bwduncan/rhr/italy.html (942 words)

	VILLA IVLILLA > PERSONAL APPEARANCE > MEN > THE PRIESTHOOD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Servius mentions the toga trabea, which was woven in purple and saffron stripes, and worn by augurs.
		The Fetiales were college of Roman priests who acted as the guardians of the public faith, It appears that when early Romans felt themselves aggrieved by a neighbouring city, four fetiales were deputized to seek redress.
		In turn, they elected one of their number to act as their representative.
	julilla.tripod.com /priests.htm (807 words)

	M. Tullius Cicero: On the Laws, excerpts 1
		Whatever things the augur declares to be unjust, ill-omened, vicious, and accursed, let them be forsaken as prohibited and disastrous, and whoever will not obey these divine indications, let him suffer capital punishment.
		As to alliances, peace, war, truces, and the rights of ambassadors, let the two Fetiales be the appropriate judges, and let them determine all questions relating to military affairs.
		Let them report all prodigies and portents to the Etruscans and soothsayers, if the senate orders it; and let the chiefs of Etruria explain their system.
	www.constitution.org /rom/legibus1.htm (4461 words)

	Lebanon and Israel: Proportionate Response and Just Wars- Zionism-Israel Web Log
		I am perhaps ignorant and uncultured, but analyses and pleas based on theory of "proportionate response" and "Just War" leave me cold and seem to be somewhat irrelevant.
		"Just war" is a concept that evolved from the Roman Fetiales priests who made a ceremonial declaration of war stating the grievances.
		It is concept that may have some validity for wars between states, but I don't think that once you established that you have a "just war" it then becomes OK to kill people indiscriminately.
	www.zionism-israel.com /log/archives/00000168.html (1634 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		However, there were many other religious officials, including the Augures and Haruspices (two originally Etruscan types of reading of the will of the gods: from the flight and conduct of birds viz.
		the entrails of sacrificial animals), Fetiales and many other colleges and individual offices.
		The official residence of the Pontifex Maximus was the Domus Publica which stood between the House of the Vestal Virgins and the Via Sacra, close to the Regia, in the Roman Forum.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Pontifex_Maximus (3541 words)

	Outlines of Roman History, Chapter 3
		To keep the fires of Vesta always burning, there were appointed six vestal virgins, who were regarded as the consecrated daughters of the state.
		Special pontiffs, under the charge of a pontifex maximus, had charge of the religious festivals and ceremonies; and the fetiales were intrusted with the formality of declaring war.
		The Religious Observances.—The Romans showed their remembrance of the gods in their prayers, offerings, and festivals.
	www.forumromanum.org /history/morey03.html (1581 words)

	IMPERIVM ROMANVM :: IMPERIO ROMANO :: REPUBLICA ROMANA :: El Pontifex Maximus
		Sin embargo no eran los pontífices los únicos funcionarios religiosos con los que nos podemos encontrar.
		También teníamos varios puestos menores, pero aún así importantes, como los Augures, Haruspices, Fetiales, otros tres Pontífices menores y las muy importantes y veneradas Vírgenes Vestales.
		La función principal del Colegio, y por ende del máximo pontífice, era la Pax Deorum -paz con los Dioses-, y consistía en comprender sus deseos y designios divinos, así como complacerlos y mantenerlos conformes.
	www.imperivm.org /articulos/pontifex-maximus.html (1952 words)

	Roman History Books and More: Fetialis - Priestly Collegium of Fetiales
		Livy, in Book XXXVI.3., talks about the College of Fetials in connection with approving the war against Antiochus.
		Here is more on the college: Fetialis - Priestly Collegium of Fetiales.
		Organized in the archaic age of ancient Rome, the priestly collegium of fetials had legal, military, and religious power.
	romanhistorybooks.typepad.com /roman_history_books_and_m/2006/01/fetialis_priest.html (279 words)

	Fecial - definition from Biology-Online.org (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Pertaining to heralds, declarations of war, and treaties of peace; as, fecial law.
		Origin: L. Fetialis belonging to the fetiales, the roman priests who sanctioned treaties and demanded satisfaction from the enemy before a formal declaration of war.
		This page was last modified 21:16, 3 October 2005.
	www.biology-online.org /dictionary/Fecial (118 words)

	Notes
		The vacant area known as “Enemy Territory” lay outside the temple, possibly within its walled precinct.
		Here special priests called fetiales conducted the rituals accompanying a declaration of war, and one of them cast a spear into Enemy Territory.
		Religious steps taken by Fabius after Lake Trasimene.
	chucksp1.tripod.com /notes.htm (5666 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, page 530 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		On this page: Fescennina – Festi Dies – Festuca – Fetiales
		Ex his mit-tebantur, antequam conciperetur, qui res repeterent, et per hos etiam mine fit foedus," to which we may add the old law quoted by Cicero (De Leg.
		9), " FOEDERUM, PACIS, BELLI, INDUCIARUM ORATORES FETIALES JUDICESQUE SUNTO ; BELLA
	www.ancientlibrary.com /smith-dgra/0537.html (1070 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)