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	Fibrate - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In pharmacology, the fibrates are a class of amphipathic carboxylic acids.
		Fibrates are used as accessory therapy in many forms of hypercholesterolemia, usually in combination with statins.
		Although less effective in lowering LDL, fibrates improve HDL and triglyceride levels, and seem to improve insulin resistance when the dyslipidemia is associated with other features of Syndrome X (hypertension and diabetes mellitus type 2).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fibrate (268 words)

	Fibrate -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In (The science or study of drugs: their preparation and properties and uses and effects) pharmacology, the fibrates are a class of amphipathic (An organic acid characterized by one or more carboxyl groups) carboxylic acids.
		Fibrates are used as accessory therapy in many forms of (The presence of an abnormal amount of cholesterol in the cells and plasma of the blood; associated with the risk of atherosclerosis) hypercholesterolemia, usually in combination with (A medicine that lowers blood cholesterol levels by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase) statins.
		Most fibrates can cause mild stomach upset and (Any pathology of the muscles that is not attributable to nerve dysfunction) myopathy (muscle pain with (Click link for more info and facts about CPK) CPK elevations).
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fi/fibrate.htm (390 words)

	Bodybuilding.com - Spook - Fibrates For The Bodybuilder!
		For some reason fibrates are not often discussed in bodybuilding literature; I would like to change that as I feel these compounds have tremendous potential to aid in one's body composition goals.
		Fibrates are generally given to patients who have a problem with fatty acid trafficking; specifically, fibrates are administered to diabetics who have elevated levels of fatty acids in their blood.
		Fibrates are also used as treatment for those with cholesterol problems, as PPAR-alpha enhances the transcription of many proteins involved in cholesterol metabolism.
	www.bodybuilding.com /fun/par35.htm (1922 words)

	Lowering Cholesterol with the Fibrate Drugs? - Cholesterol: health and medical information about high cholesterol and ...
		The fibrates are cholesterol-lowering drugs that are primarily effective in lowering triglycerides and, to a lesser extent, in increasing HDL-cholesterol levels.
		Gastrointestinal complaints are the most common side effect and fibrates appear to increase the likelihood of developing cholesterol gallstones.
		Fibrates can increase the effect of medications that thin the blood, and this should be monitored closely by your physician.
	www.medicinenet.com /script/main/art.asp?articlekey=9497 (295 words)

	Incidence and risk factors of statin or fibrate-induced hepatitis and myositis in HIV-infected patients
		Eighty-two and 80% of patients were concurrently on a PI and statin or fibrate, respectively.
		The risk of developing hepatitis or myositis with concurrent PI and statin or fibrate was 7.5% and 1.5%, respectively.
		There was no association of a statin or fibrate induced hepatitis or myositis identified with any demographic data.
	www.natap.org /2000/lipo/incidence_and_risk120600.htm (604 words)

	Fibrate Drugs
		Drugs in the fibrate family are used to improve levels of cholesterol and related lipids found in the blood.
		Fibrate drugs are known to raise homocysteine levels in the blood.
		Fibrate drugs are known to increase the "blood thinning" effects of drugs in the warfarin (Coumadin) family.
	healthlibrary.epnet.com /GetContent.aspx?token=e0498803-7f62-4563-8d47-5fe33da65dd4&chunkiid=21669 (326 words)

	fibrate, Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Literature
		Motojima K, Seto K 2003 Fibrates and statins rapidly and synergistically induce pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 mRNA in the liver and muscles of mice.
		Schoonjans K, Staels B, Auwerx J 1996 Role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) in mediating the effects of fibrates and fatty acids on gene expression.
		Shand JH, West DW 1994 The effects of clofibrate and bezafibrate on cholesterol metabolism in the liver of the male rat.
	www.psc-literature.org /fibrate.htm (7953 words)

	Cholesterol drugs (Fibrate Warning: Tricor (fenofibrate) and Lopid (gemfibrozil))(Steve Harris, M.D.)
		If fibrates are ever shown to save any lives, it will take studies larger than those which have ever been done in the history of cardiology to prove it.
		Clinical indications for the use of fibrates can obviously not be based on biochemical insights, however intriguing in their own right, but they have also not been satisfactorily defined by the randomized clinical trials published to date.
		Including a number of papers in which fibrates are mixed in with statin results, giving you a sort of stone soup effect.
	yarchive.net /med/cholesterol_drugs.html (4236 words)

	Patients taking the lipid-lowering medications have a relatively low risk of developing rhabdomyolysis (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		And patients who were taking cerivastatin combined with fibrates had a significantly higher risk of about one in 10 treated patients each year.
		"Compared with statin monotherapy, fibrate use was associated with a 5.5-fold increase in risk and the combined use of a statin and fibrate increased risk by additional 2-fold vs. fibrate alone," the authors found.
		For patients treated with both statins and fibrates combined, such as persons with diabetes mellitus with elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, the higher risk conferred by combination therapy may warrant that physicians instruct their patients to stop therapy and be evaluated if symptoms suggestive of rhabdomyolysis develop."
	www.news-medical.net /print_article.asp?id=6424 (456 words)

	Fibrate-induced Renal Dysfunction: Is Gemfibrozil the Only Non-nephrotoxic Agent ? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The renal dysfunction was not due to cyclosporine toxicity, as trough blood levels decreased slightly during fibrate administration (120 ng/ml vs 157 before, P<0.05).
		An increase of mean creatinine values during therapy was described in all reports on bezafibrate and fenofibrate (range: 9 to 40% and 8 to 18% respectively).
		In conclusion, therapy with most fibrates may induce renal dysfunction, which in some cases may be irreversible.
	www.a-s-t.org /library/abstracts99/654.htm (332 words)

	Fibrates Suppress Fibrinogen Gene Expression in Rodents Via Activation of the Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated ...
		Fibrates are known to cause extensive peroxisome proliferation and hepatomegaly in rodents.
		Fibrates reportedly lower plasma fibrinogen in humans, but the regulatory mechanism of this effect remains to be clarified.
		Fibrates are also implicated in suppressing elevated fibrinogen levels under inflammatory conditions.
	www.bloodjournal.org /cgi/content/full/93/9/2991 (5212 words)

	Lipids Online Slides: rhabdomyolysis, combination therapy, statins (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		One of the main concerns with the combined use of statins with fibrates is the increased risk for myopathy and rhabdomyolysis, particularly when gemfibrozil is the fibrate used.
		In addition, the combination of a fibrate and a statin should not be used with agents that interfere with clearance of statins because the statin will then interact with the fibrate; the immunosuppressive agent tacrolimus may also have this effect.
		Dose the fibrate in the morning and the statin in the evening (note that this suggestion is based on theoretical considerations and not on any evidence that this recommendation will reduce the incidence of muscle toxicity).
	www.lipidsonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=rhabdomyolysis (1242 words)

	World Intellectual Property Organization (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Hepatotoxicity of the fibrate may also be reduced by administering the medicaments at different days, as compared either to everyday administration of a statin-fibrate combination or with monotherapy with higher doses of a fibrate.
		If bezafibrate is selected as the fibrate of the combination, an amount of from 2 to about 800mg, preferably from about 200 to 400mg may be employed.
		Statin and fibrate tablets may be employed in a blister with a sequence of one tablet of atorvastatin every two tablets of bezafibrate.
	www.wipo.int /ipdl/IPDL-CIMAGES/view/pct/getbykey5?KEY=01/37831.010531&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (4265 words)

	Fibrate and statin synergistically increase the transcriptional activities of PPARalpha/RXRalpha and decrease the ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Fibrate and statin synergistically increase the transcriptional activities of PPARalpha/RXRalpha and decrease the transactivation of NFkappaB.
		Fibrate and statin synergistically increase the transcriptional activities of PPARalpha/RXRalpha and decrease the transactivation of NFkappaB.We also evaluated the transcriptional activities of the three PPAR isotypes by transient transfection assays.
		Moreover, concomitant administration of statins and fibrates also decreased the transactivation of nuclear factor kappaB (NFkappaB) and the activation of NFkappaB by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase (MEKK) also decreased the transactivation of PPARalpha/RXRalpha.
	www.pdg.cnb.uam.es /UniPub/iHOP/gp/9352323.html (218 words)

	Statin - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		However, they have less effect than the fibrates in reducing triglycerides and raising HDL-cholesterol ("good cholesterol").
		As up to 50% of all circulating cholesterol originates in the diet, doctors in theory only prescribe statins after dietary intervention has not had the desired effect.
		Most physicians have now abandoned routine monitoring of liver enzymes and creatine kinase, although they still consider this prudent in those on high-dose statins or in those on statin/fibrate combinations, and mandatory in the case of muscle cramps or of deterioration in renal function.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Statin (810 words)

	fibrate - General Practice Notebook (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		LDL cholesterol and apo B levels may be reduced (depending on the fibrate and type of hyperlipidaemia e.g.
		Fibrates may interact significantly with anticoagulant therapy e.g.
		Any response to fibrates, as for statins, is evident by four weeks and continuation or change can be reviewed (1).
	www.gpnotebook.co.uk /cache/-107347890.htm (342 words)

	Cardiovascular Diabetology \| Full text \| The need for a large-scale trial of fibrate therapy in diabetes: the rationale ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Fibrates correct the typical lipid abnormalities of type 2 diabetes mellitus, yet no study, to date, has specifically set out to evaluate the role of fibrate therapy in preventing cardiovascular events in this setting.
		As fibrates are known to correct the typical dyslipidaemia of diabetes, their role in cardiovascular risk reduction in diabetes may be especially important.
		Evidence from the Helsinki Heart Study [14], which tested long-term fibrate (gemfibrozil) use in hypercholesterolaemic men and women without prior coronary disease, showed a significant reduction in coronary events, with the reduction among the small numbers of people with diabetes not being separately significant, but appearing somewhat greater [15].
	www.cardiab.com /content/3/1/9 (4839 words)

	A Chemical Switch Regulates Fibrate Specificity for Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor alpha (PPARalpha ) ...
		activation by fibrates are the reduction of plasma cholesterol
		Fibrate Esters, but Not Fibric Acids, Bind to LXR and Inhibit LXR Transactivation-- Several fibrate derivatives have been used clinically in the treatment of hyperlipidemia, namely bezafibrate, gemfibrozil
		of increasing concentrations of the fibrate esters and acids.
	www.jbc.org /cgi/content/full/278/4/2403 (4465 words)

	Lipids Online Slides: fibrate, VA-HIT, gemfibrozil, Helsinki Heart Study (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A comparison of the two fibrate trials with the Lipoprotein and Coronary Atherosclerosis Study (LCAS) suggests that statin therapy is at least as beneficial as fibrate therapy in low-HDL-C patients.
		Thus, although statins appear to be superior to fibrates in the treatment of moderate hyperlipidemia, there may be a case for the use of fibrates in patients with TG levels > 200 mg/dL.
		Trials of fibrate therapy that included diabetic subgroups were the primary-prevention Helsinki Heart Study and the secondary-prevention Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT).
	www.lipidsonline.org /slides/slide01.cfm?q=fibrate&pg=6 (958 words)

	Process for preparing solid formulations of lipid regulating agents with enhanced dissolution and absorption - US ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		A process for preparing a solid formulation of a lipid-regulating agent comprising forming a mixture of said lipid-regulating agent with a surfactant; granulating said mixture by melting, mixing, and congealing said mixture; and optionally forming a finished dosage form.
		A process of claim 2 wherein the fibrate is fenofibrate.
		A process of claim 1 wherein said surfactant is selected from the group consisting of sodium lauryl sulfate, poloxamer polyols, block copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, d-alpha tocopheryl polyethylene glycol succinate and polyoxyl 40 stearate.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6368622.html (1684 words)

	Fibrate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Fibrates se utiliza como terapia accesoria en muchos formularios del hypercholesterolemia, generalmente conjuntamente con statins.
		Aunque menos es eficaz en bajar LDL, fibrates mejorar HDL y los niveles del triglyceride, y parecerse mejorar resistencia de insulina cuando el dyslipidemia se asocia a otras características del síndrome X (el tipo del mellitus de la hipertensión y de la diabetes 2).
		Conjuntamente con las drogas del statin, los fibrates causan un riesgo creciente del rhabdomyolysis (destrucción idiosincrásica del tejido fino del músculo, conduciendo a la falla renal).
	www.yotor.net /wiki/es/fi/Fibrate.htm (315 words)

	Effects of Fibrates on the Glycine Conjugation of Benzoic Acid in Rats -- Gregus et al. 26 (11): 1082 -- Drug ...
		fibrates influence glycine conjugation in a complex manner.
		acutely pretreated with fibrates, glycine (5 mmol/kg in 5 ml/kg
		Fibrates are pleiotropic agents that activate a subtype of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and induce morphological
	dmd.aspetjournals.org /cgi/content/full/26/11/1082 (5182 words)

	Fibrate - Definition up Erdmond.Com
		Although less effective in lowering LDL, fibrates improve HDL and triglyceride levels, and seem to improve insulin_resistance when the dyslipidemia is associated with other features of Syndrome X (hypertension and diabetes_mellitus type 2).
		In combination with statin drugs, fibrates cause an increased risk of rhabdomyolysis (idiosyncratic destruction of muscle tissue, leading to renal_failure).
		Although used clinically since the early 1970s, the mechanism of action of fibrates remained unelucidated until, in the 1990s, it was discovered that fibrates activate PPAR (peroxisome_proliferator-activated_receptors), especially PPARα;.
	www.erdmond.com /Fibrate.html (280 words)

	Paradoxical severe decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol after treatment with a fibrate: reply by the authors -- Crook et ...
		Paradoxical severe decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol after treatment with a fibrate: reply by the authors -- Crook et al.
		Paradoxical severe decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol after treatment with a fibrate: reply by the authors
		A paradoxical severe decrease in serum HDL-cholesterol after treatment with a fibrate.
	jcp.bmjjournals.com /cgi/content/full/55/12/976 (233 words)

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