Field Marshal (Finland)

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Topic: Field Marshal (Finland)

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	World War II Database -- Your First Stop for WW2 History
		Knowing that Finland could not resist the Red Army for long, Field Marshal Mannerheim was counting on three options with fighting.
		Ryti became the prime minister and ran all aspects of the war at the home front; Vaino Tanner became the foreign minister and dealt with the diplomatic side of the Winter War for Finland; and Field Marshal Mannerheim rarely left his command post, overseeing all aspects of the war on the battlefield.
		Field Marshal Carl Gustav Mannerheim did not want to acquiesce to the Soviet demands, but saw the only way the army was prepared was in terms of morale.
	www.ww2db.com /battle_spec.php?battle_id=30

	The Education Forum > Nordic History Panel
		Field marshal Jean Baptiste Bernadotte was elected Swedish Crown Prince (and formally adopted by Carolus XIII) August 21st 1810.
		He left the documents at the Swedish Embassy and then he went on a private mission; to contact a few French Field marshals and get one of them to accept the offer of the Swedish Crown.
		During 1812 Bernadotte has the opportunity to put pressure on Russia about Finland (during the French march towards Moscow) but he instead offers Swedish assistance to Russia against France (although he suggests Finland as a temporary award for this service this is the closest we get to a Bernadotte plan to recapture Finland).
	educationforum.ipbhost.com /lofiversion/index.php/t1820.html

	O'Meara
		It was three days before they managed to persuade the angry field marshal to relent and to forgive them their presumption in proposing a retreat to him.
		The empress’s approval of Lacy’s actions was clearly indicated when, at the start of Russia’s operations against Sweden in 1743, Elizabeth boarded the field marshal’s ship in Petersburg to present him with gifts and to bless his newest enterprise.
		Azov capitulated to Lacy’s forces in July 1736, after which the field marshal was directed to join Munnich in the Crimea.
	ideashistory.org.ru /almanacs/alm15/omeara.htm

	Continuation War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The continued state of war made it possible for President Kyösti Kallio to ask Field Marshal Mannerheim to remain commander-in-chief and supervise the reorganization of Finland's Armed Forces and the fortification of the new border, a task that was critically important in the unruly times.
		Mannerheim had repeatedly reminded the Germans that in case their troops in Estonia retreated, Finland would be forced to make peace even at very unfavourable terms.
		Ryti, Mannerheim, Minister of Defence Walden and chief of staff Heinrichs decided October 23 that information concerning Finnish defence plans of Lappland could be given to the Wehrmacht to gain goodwill, even with the risk that they could be forwarded to the Soviet Union.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Continuation_War

	Untitled Document
		Fascimile edition of the Order of the Day issued by Mannerheim as Marshal of Finland on Mothers’ Day, 10th May 1942.
		A book that introduces you to Field-Marshal Mannerheim through his home.
		Field-Marshal Mannerheim’s Order of the Day to Finnish Mothers
	www.mannerheim-museo.fi /shop.htm

	The State Hermitage Museum: Exhibitions
		Mannernheim was a count, lieutenant general of the Russian Army, knight in several Russian orders, cavalry general, field marshal and marshal of Finland.
		Carl Gustaf Mannerheim honestly and professionally served as a field officer of the Russian Army.
		During the Second World War Mannerheim headed the government and was forced to conclude an alliance with Germany, however he refused to lead his troops in the storming of Leningrad.
	www.hermitagemuseum.org /html_En/04/2005/hm4_1_96.html

	Stormfront White Nationalist Community
		The secret taping, made during a surprise visit by Hitler to Finland on June 4, 1942 -- the 75th birthday of Finnish Field Marshal Carl Gustaf Mannerheim -- is believed to be a unique audio account of the dictator in a normal conversation.
		Radio listeners heard a rare recording this week of Adolf Hitler talking informally to the commander of Finland's defense forces when the country was receiving help from Nazi Germany to fight the Soviet Union.
		It is known that Mannerheim did not regard Hitler as his best friend, nevertheless he was the only one the Austrian respected.
	www.stormfront.org /archive/t-117176Islam/t-145899Nationalisten/t-160053Rare_recording_of_Hitler_&_Mannerheim_aired_in_Finland.html

	Timebase Multimedia Chronography(TM) - Timebase 1940
		Paul Reynaud is forced to resign as Prime Minister and Marshal Philippe Petain is chosen to replace him.
		The pretext of helping Finland is primarily intended to prevent Swedish iron ore from reaching Germany.
		1940 July 5 Marshal Petain's Vichy government breaks off relations with Britain because of the attacks against the French navy at Oran and the seizure of many of its ships at Plymouth and Portsmouth.
	www.humanitas-international.org /showcase/chronography/timebase/1940tbse.htm

	Finnguide: Finland Travel Sightseeing Guide : Eastern Finland Sights and Attractions Finland Travel and Tourism
		The field of study of the Orthodox Church Museum is one of a kind in Finland and in the whole of Scandinavia.
		The Commander-in-Chief, Marshal Mannerheim, and the rest of the wartime high command of Finland, were based at the Central Elementary School in Mikkeli, when the headquarters were transferred to Mikkeli from Helsinki, in 1939.
		Pehr Evind Svinhufvud, who later became Finland’s president, bought Kotkaniemi from Thomé’s estate in 1908.
	www.finnguide.fi /sightguide/area.asp?area=3 (619 words)

	Päämajamuseo
		At the proposal of the Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Mannerheim, amendments and additions were made to the 1939 Cross and Medal of Liberty Act.
		Once the Winter War was over, Finland lacked a special decoration that could be awarded irrespective of military rank.
		The Mannerheim Cross was created without working drawings in collaboration with the management of Tillander Oy.
	www.mikkeli.fi /fi/museot/english/02_the_headquarters_museum/02_mannerheim/mannerheim_cross (619 words)

	Cruise of the Calgaric, 1933: The Chief Scout and Field-Marshal Mannerheim
		They then went with their staff to spend a peaceful half-hour at the house of Field-Marshal Baron Mannerheim.
		This is the man who saved Finland from the Russian and German invasions, and his grateful country has given him this lovely house on a hill overlooking the harbour.
		After this the Chiefs went to write their names in the book of the President, who was absent in the country, and were received by the Prime Minister in the Senate House.
	www.pinetreeweb.com /calgaric32.htm (619 words)

	FinnLinks - History, Museums & Archives Category
		Meeting between the founder of the scout movement, Chief Scout, Sir Robert Baden-Powell and Field-Marshal Mannerheim during a stop in Finland.
		Though a Finnish language website, one can easily understand the table which gives a Finnish passenger list and survivors.
	www.genealogia.org /finnlinks/show.php?cid=8 (619 words)

	Articles - Winter War
		By the end of February, Finland's Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Mannerheim, was pessimistic about the military situation, which is why the government on February 29 decided to start peace negotiations.
		The relationship between the Soviet Union and Finland was tense and frostyâ”both the two periods of forced russification at the turn of the century, and the legacy of the failed socialist rebellion in Finland contributed to a strong mutual distrust.
		Diplomatically, Finland was squeezed between Allied hopes for a prolonged war and Scandinavian fears of a continued war spreading to neighbouring countries (or of the surge of refugees that might result from a Finnish defeat).
	www.free-biz.org /articles/Winter_War (619 words)

	MANNERHEIM - Commander-in-Chief - Title of Marshal of Finland
		The title of field marshal became familiar to the Finns from J.L. Runeberg’s poetical work Vänrikki Stoolin tarinat The shorter and more informal form "marski" was used of Mannerheim among the folk.
		It was backed by the leaders of the defence battles of the Winter War, in which the nation had so loyally stood together, and inspired by the title of Reichsmarschall, awarded to Field Marshal Göring in Germany in summer 1940 after the defeat of France.
		The title of Field Marshal was fairly common in the armies of the great powers.
	www.mannerheim.fi /10_ylip/e_arvoni.htm (619 words)

	Travel-Directory.org: Sir Robert Baden-Powell and Field-Marshal Mannerheim
		Home : Activities : Scouting : Regional : Europe : Finland : Sir Robert Baden-Powell and Field-Marshal Mannerheim
	www.travel-directory.org /travel/1053036.html (619 words)

	Articles - Risto Ryti
		In the following precarious times Ryti bore the heavy responsibilities of state leadership together with Field Marshal Mannerheim and the Social Democratic leader VÃ¤inÃ¶ Tanner as President KyÃ¶sti Kallio was struck by illness.
		Finland's changed policy from a Scandinavian orientation up to, and during, the Winter War, to a German orientation after the Winter War, was not in the least pursued by the convinced Anglophile Risto Ryti.
		Finland was in dire need of food, but in particular of weapons and ammunition, as the Nazi Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop demanded guarantees that Finland would not again seek a separate peace.
	www.xclimbing.net /articles/Risto_Ryti (619 words)

	Stella Polaris
		The hostilities on the northwestern border cease, as the new Empress concludes a truce with the Swedish commander-in-chief, field-marshal Carl Emil Lewenhaupt.
		All of Finland, east of the Kemi-Ounas riverline, excluding the Åland islands, is separated from Sweden.
		Preparing her nephew for the accession to the Russian throne, the Tsarina grants the crown of Finland to Karl Peter Ulrich, and on September 11th, 1743, the Lantdag of Åbo unanimously accepts him as the Grand-Duke of Finland.
	www.uta.fi /~jj58679/polaris.html (19749 words)

	Timeline 1811-1820
		Field Marshal Gebhard Leberecht von Blucher made a short speech to his troops saying that he was pregnant and about to give birth to an elephant.
		1812-1840 Carl Ludvig Engel, a Prussian architect, redesigned and rebuilt Helsinki as the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland-Russia.
		1814 Feb 27, Napoleon’s Marshal Nicholas Oudinot was pushed back at Barsur-Aube by the Emperor’s allied enemies shortly before his abdication.
	timelines.ws /1811_1820.HTML (19749 words)

	artnet.com: Resource Library: Martin (i): (1) Elias Martin
		There he also taught drawing to the son of Field Marshal Count Augustin Ehrensv& (1710–72) while himself learning printmaking techniques from the Field Marshal.
		During this period Martin produced accurate studies of Finland’s coastal scenery and the Sveaborg fortress (e.g.
		After training in his father’s joinery shop and with the painter Friedrich Schultz (1709–69), he was engaged to design ornamentation for ships of the coastal fleet at Sveaborg (Finland).
	www.artnet.com /library/05/0546/T054628.asp (231 words)

	Definition of Continuation War
		The continued state of war made it possible for President Ky�sti Kallio to ask Field Marshal Mannerheim to remain commander-in-chief and supervise the reorganization of Finland's Armed Forces and the fortification of the new border, a task that was critically important in the unruly times.
		On the second day of the offensive, the Soviet forces broke through the Finnish lines, and in the succeeding days they made advances that appeared to threaten the survival of Finland.
		During the summer and autumn, Finland received material purchased and donated during and immediately after the Winter War, but it took several months before Mannerheim was able to present a somewhat positive assessment of the state of the army.
	www.wordiq.com /definition/Continuation_War (231 words)

	Continuation War
		The continued state of war made it possible for President Kyösti Kallio to ask Field Marshal Mannerheim to remain commander-in-chief and supervise the reorganization of Finland's Armed Forces and the fortification of the new border, a task that was critically important in the unruly times.
		Within a week after the peace treaty was signed, the fortification works were started along the 1200 km long Salpalinja ("the Latch Line"), where the focus was between the Gulf of Finland and Lake Saimaa.
		In March, Finland had urgently negotiated with Britain, and at the end of March, a treaty was signed which would have provided Finland with modern military equipment, fuel, and food in exchange for raw materials.
	hallencyclopedia.com /Continuation_War (9772 words)

	DECEMBER 2001 - Johannesburg - South African Military History Society - Title page
		Despite these terms being comparatively reasonable, considering the danger faced by the USSR, and notwithstanding the recommendations of Britain, the USA, France, Sweden, and Field Marshal Carl Gustav Mannerheim, the hero of the war of independence, Finnish nationalism triumphed and the demands were rejected.
		Although the Rybachi peninsula was occupied, and headway was made in the centre of Finland's eastern border, the fighting was mainly against the Mannerheim line, the string of defences stretching from Lake Ladoga in the east, to the head of the Gulf of Finland.
		The Soviets proposed that the Finnish border be moved 70km further from Leningrad; that they be allowed to establish bases to control access to the Gulf of Finland; and that the Rybachi peninsula in the extreme north be conceded so as to protect Russia's ice-free Arctic port of Murmansk.
	rapidttp.com /milhist/1/01decnl.html (9772 words)

	Risto Ryti - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In the following precarious times Ryti bore the heavy responsibilities of state leadership together with Field Marshal Mannerheim and the Social Democratic leader Väinö Tanner as President Kyösti Kallio was struck by illness.
		Risto Heikki Ryti (February 3, 1889- October 25, 1956) was the president of Finland from 1940 to 1944.
		Finland's government had to make a new law which broke basic laws.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Risto_Ryti (1146 words)

	Winter War - Winter War
		By the end of February, Finland's Commander-in-Chief, Field Marshal Mannerheim, was pessimistic about the military situation.
		As Finland's Cabinet hesitated in face of the harsh Soviet conditions, Sweden's King Gustaf V made a public statement, in which he confirmed to have declined Finnish pleas for support by regular troops.
		Finland had long been part of the Swedish kingdom when it was conquered by Russia in 1808 and turned into an autonomous buffer state to protect the Russian capital.
	morit.typedot.com /Winter_War (4275 words)

	Search Encyclopedia.com
		Mannerheim, Baron Carl Gustav Emil Mannerheim, Baron Carl Gustav Emilkärl gŭ´stäv ā´mĬl mä´nerhām, 1867-1951, Finnish field marshal and president of Finland (1944-46).
		Roon, Albrecht Theodor Emil, Graf von Roon, Albrecht Theodor Emil, Graf vonäl´brĕkht tā´ōdôr ā´mēl gräf fen rōn, 1803-79, Prussian field marshal.
		Kocher, Emil Theodor Kocher, Emil Theodorā´mĬl tā´ōdôr kôkh´er, 1841-1917, Swiss surgeon, M.D. Univ. of Bern, 1865.
	www.encyclopedia.com /search.asp?target=Emil+Orlik&rc=10&fh=6&fr=11 (442 words)

	Cruise of the Calgaric, 1933: The Chief Scout and Field-Marshal Mannerheim
		Cruise of the Calgaric, 1933: The Chief Scout and Field-Marshal Mannerheim
		They then went with their staff to spend a peaceful half-hour at the house of Field-Marshal Baron Mannerheim.
		This is the man who saved Finland from the Russian and German invasions, and his grateful country has given him this lovely house on a hill overlooking the harbour.
	pinetreeweb.com /calgaric32.htm (131 words)

	Military Leaders Sun Tzu The Art of War and Strategy Site by Sonshi.com.
		French in full François-eugène, Prince De Savoie-carignan, German Franz Eugen, Prinz Von Savoyen-carignan field marshal and statesman of the Carignan line of the House of Savoy, who, in the service of the Austrian Holy Roman emperor, made his name as one of the greatest soldiers of his generation.
		Also called (from 1892) Baron Roberts Of Kandahar British field marshal, an outstanding combat leader in the Second Afghan War (1878–80) and the South African War (1899–1902), and the last commander in chief of the British Army (1901–04; office then abolished).
		In full Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim Finnish military leader and conservative statesman who successfully defended Finland against greatly superior Soviet forces during World War II and served as the country's president (1944–46).
	www.sonshi.com /militaryleader.html (131 words)

	GI -- World War II Commemoration
		Secondly, the Finnish commander in chief, Field Marshal (later Marshal of Finland) Baron Carl G. Mannerheim, refused to cross the border and close in from the north.
		The war with Finland had severely damaged Soviet military prestige abroad, but the poor showing made in the conflict did not provide an absolute index of Soviet military potential.
		In July 1940, the apparent stalemate in the war with Britain brought the Soviet Union to the forefront of his strategic thinking as an inviting target in itself, as the last obstacle to German hegemony on the Continent, and as the lever with which to bring Britain to terms.
	www.grolier.com /wwii/wwii_6.html (17160 words)

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Topic: Field Marshal (Finland)

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