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Topic: Field emission

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	Field emission display - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A field emission display (FED) is a type of flat panel display using phosphor coatings as the emissive medium.
		Field emission displays are very similar to cathode ray tubes, however they are only a few millimeters thick.
		Instead of a single electron gun, a field emission display (FED) uses a large array of fine metal tips or carbon nanotubes (which are the most efficient electron emitters known), one positioned behind each phosphor dot, to emit electrons through a process known as field emission.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Field_emission_display (285 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Therefore, a new field emission structure is needed that separates the addressing of the electron emission from the high voltage used to accelerate the emitted electrons toward the phosphor layer.
		A field emissive display of claim 1, wherein said spacer fiber and said at least one fiber containing said high voltage electrode and phosphor emissive layer is combined and comprises at least one extraction electrode used to control emission of electrons from said at least on electron emission electrode.
		A field emissive display of claim 26, wherein said at least on extraction electrode is contained within or composed on the surface of said at least one spacer fiber and is connected to the surface of the metal-insulating-metal cathode.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/65586.010907&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (6261 words)

	Field emission - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Applications of field emission include its use as an electron source in flash memory, electron microscopy, MEMS systems, and field emission displays.
		In the field of vacuum electronics, field emission is seen as an alternative to thermionic emission, with advantages such as dramatically higher efficiency, less scatter of emitted electrons, faster turn-on times, compactness, and, in many cases, redundancy.
		Vacuum tubes based on thermionic emission require several minutes to warm up before they can be used; by contrast, the function of field emission devices is effectively instantaneous, allowing switching times of many megahertz.
	www.wikipedia.org /wiki/Field_emission (266 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		As used herein,"electron field emitter"means the acicular emitting substance and the glass frit, metallic powder or metallic paint or a mixture thereof used to attach the acicular emitting substance to a substrate.
		Field emission tests were carried out on the resulting samples using a flat- plate emission measurement unit comprised of two electrodes, one serving as the anode or collector and the other serving as the cathode.
		When the relative adhesion between the electron field emitter material, the adhesive coating, and the adhesive tape are properly balanced, peeling of the adhesive tape leads to the removal of the adhesive coating from the cathode assembly and the improved emission of the electron field emitters.
	www.wipo.int /cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=01/99146.011227&ELEMENT_SET=DECL (12408 words)

	An Introduction to FEM - Field Emission Microscopy
		An Introduction to FEM - Field Emission Microscopy
		The electric field can be made to be very high indeed causing electrons in the tip to tunnel out of the material.
		Field emission is frequently used nowadays as a source of electrons in SEM and SAM due to the very small area over which the electrons are emitted.
	www.uksaf.org /tech/fem.html (111 words)

	A Field Emission Ionization Source Using Spindt Cathodes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Field emission cathodes provide an alternative approach at generating electrons without the heating power needed in a filament-based design.
		Field emitter cathodes are electron sources, in the form of arrays of microfabricated sharp tips.
		Field emission is used to extract the electrons without heating the cathodes.
	www.swri.org /3pubs/IRD2001/15-9159.htm (401 words)

	Field emission devices having structure for reduced emitter tip to gate spacing - US Patent 6710539 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The field emitter array of claim 1, wherein the number of gate lines and the number of cathode emitter tips are formed using a self-aligned technique.
		The resolution of a field emission display is a function of a number of factors, including emitter tip sharpness, alignment and spacing of the gates, or grid openings, which surround the tips.
		The formation of the anode, and completion of the field emission device structure, can be achieved in numerous ways as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art of semiconductor and field emission device fabrication.
	www.patentstorm.us /patents/6710539.html (5338 words)

	The field-emission microscope (from microscope) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		Electrons are drawn from the tip by a high electrical field and travel toward the screen on which the image is formed.
		In the absence of a strong electric field, an electron must acquire a certain minimum energy, called the work function, to escape through the surface of a given material, which acts as a barrier to electron passage.
		Field glasses and binoculars are double telescopes that are small enough to be held in the hand.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-8930 (810 words)

	Field Emission Display Technology (MEM archive, Oct 98)
		Emissions from the microtips of high-voltage anodes radiate in a roughly 60° cone.
		The natural emission angle of the electrons produces a spot size that is too large, so this stream must be focused.
		Field sequential color means that an entire screen image is individually painted in each of the three primary colors, one at a time.
	www.devicelink.com /mem/archive/98/10/010.html (1269 words)

	Field Emission Devices
		Field emission (FE) of electrons from nanostructured graphitic carbon-based materials including single and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) has been an area of intense investigation in recent years.
		A field emission I-V curve for the structure of Fig.
		The macroscopic threshold field for emission (defined here as the macroscopic electric field required to extract 10 nA) was approximately 60 V/µm.
	www.ornl.gov /sci/ment/research/field.htm (441 words)

	Why are carbon nanotubes such excellent field emitters? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		For field emission, the metal platlet which supports the film is mounted face-down on a support, and placed at ~125 m distance from the cylindrical counter-electrode (bottom right image).
		For field emission, a 3 mm diameter cylindrical counterelectrode was placed at a distance from the tubes of 1 mm for the tips and 125 m for the films (Fig.
		The voltages needed for a given emission current are typically a factor 2 higher for the opened tubes: the voltage increased from 190 to 400 V, and from 320 to 570 V, for 10 nA and 10 A emission, respectively.
	www.foresight.org /Conferences/MNT6/Papers/Chatelain (3896 words)

	[No title]
		The Field F plays a similar role to the temperature in thermionic emission, and the governing equation is that by Fowler and Nordheim, derived in 1928 from free electron theory (see Woodruff and Delchar, pages 326-7 or Modinos, p 16).
		Field emission requires a very good vacuum, and often, even in UHV, emission is not due to the clean surface.
		A typical field emitter needs to be ‘flashed’ to clean it, usually by passing a current through a loop on which it is mounted.
	venables.asu.edu /sphy/sectA2.doc (2741 words)

	Fabricating method of a multiple micro-tip field emission device using selective etching of an adhesion layer - Patent ...
		A multiple micro-tip field emission device is fabricated by forming a titanium adhesion layer under a striped tungsten cathode, etching the tungsten cathode radially using an aluminum mask and selectively etching the titanium adhesion layer, so that multiple micro-tips are formed due to the intrinsic internal stress of the tungsten itself.
		A method of fabricating a field emission device as claimed in claim 10, wherein a solution in which the ratio of HF:NH.sub.4 F is from 7:1 to 10:1, is used for said buffered oxide etching method.
		In a completed field emission device of the above construction, when voltage of between 10 to 100 V is applied with a vacuum of 10.sup.-6 to 10.sup.-7 Torr and a positive gate voltage, and a negative or grounded cathode voltage, electrons are emitted from the micro-tips by a strong electrical field.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /5662815.html (1668 words)

	Seeing and Catching Atoms: ORNL's Atom Probe Field Ion Microscope
		In this computer reconstruction of the sharp end of a needlelike field ion specimen, concentric rings appear because of the intersection of the atomic terraces with the surface of the specimen.
		This sequence of field evaporation was then repeated for the remaining atoms until only one atom was left on the atom terrace, as seen in the lower right frame.
		In this field ion micrograph of boron-doped nickel aluminide (Ni Al), the bright dots are individual boron atoms that have segregated to a grain boundary (arrowed).
	www.ornl.gov /info/ornlreview/rev28-4/text/atoms.htm (3358 words)

	Field emission (from electron tube) -- Encyclopædia Britannica (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Electron emission is influenced by an electric field applied at the cathode.
		For very strong electric fields, the electron emission becomes independent of temperature because the potential barrier at the surface of the cathode is made extremely narrow and electrons tunnel through the barrier even when they have low kinetic energy.
		The tube consists of a source of electrons, the cathode, which is usually a heated filament, and a thermally rugged anode, usually of tungsten, which is enclosed in an evacuated glass envelope.
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-236488 (854 words)

	Zettl Group Research : Nanotube Field Emission (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Applying a voltage to such an object causes electrons to be field emitted right off the end of the tube.
		The effect is due to the intense electric field concentrated at the ultrasharp tip of the nanotube.
		We've shown that a viable field emission electron beam source can be be fabricated from carbon nanotubes.
	www.physics.berkeley.edu /research/zettl/projects/emission.html (256 words)

	Field Emission Electric Propulsion (FEEP) and Colloid thrusters (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Under a strong electric field generated by the application of a voltage difference between the emitter and an accelerator electrode located directly in front of it, the free surface of the liquid metal approaches a condition of local instability, due to the combined effects of the electrostatic force and the surface tension.
		V/m, the atoms at the tip spontaneously ionize and a thrust-producing ion jet is extracted by the electric field, while the electrons are rejected in the bulk of the liquid.
		For the needle design (1d), the emitter is a single needle with a pool of indium melted in a reservoir with an external heater.
	hpcc.engin.umich.edu /CFD/research/NGPD/ElectricPropulsion/feep (910 words)

	FEI Beam Technology Division: Schottky Emission Cathodes
		As previously mentioned, Schottky emission is preferred over cold field emission because it provides higher stability and is easier to operate.
		The electric field at the emitter is determined by the extraction voltage applied, the spacing between emitter and extraction element, and the sharpness and size of the emitter.
		Schottky emission noise is caused by the surface Brownian motion of the W and Zr emitter atoms at 1800 degrees C. The CFE is operated at room temperature, and one might think the noise caused by the surface Brownian motion of the W emitter atoms at 25 degrees C would be less.
	www.feibeamtech.com /pages/schottky.html (772 words)

	FIM.html (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was developed from its forefunner, the field emission microscpe.
		The field ion image of the specimen is formed on a microchannel plate and phosphor screen assembly that is positioned approximately 50 mm in front of the specimen.
		he field ion image is produced by the projection of image gas atoms that are ionized by the high positive voltage on the specimen onto the fluorescent screen.
	www.nims.go.jp /apfim/fim.html (374 words)

	Field emission from a nanoscale electron island
		Field emission, also called Fowler-Nordheim tunneling, is the process in which electrons tunnel through a barrier in the presence of a high electric field.
		“Field emission from microscopic tips has been a fundamental tool of experimental physics for decades, and nanoscale emitters are the subject of intense research,” explains Blick.
		Research continues with the goal of understanding how field emission is performed in a controlled fashion, one electron at a time through mechanical modulation.
	www.engr.wisc.edu /ece/newsletter/article02_electronisland.html (308 words)

	Field monoterpene emission of Mediterranean oak (Quercus ilex) in the central Iberian Peninsula ...
		A dynamic branch enclosure technique was implemented to determine the monoterpene emission rates of this evergreen oak species during the 2000 and 2001 campaigns.
		This plant physiological activity depletion and the subsequent emission reduction were attributed to severe water soil deficit conditions, as precipitation was very scarce during the growing season.
		With the purpose of documenting the drought stress effect at canopy level, monoterpene oak fluxes were measured by the modified Bowen ratio micrometeorological technique throughout the 2001 field campaign and in the late summer of 2002 and 2003.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2005/2004JD005168.shtml (590 words)

	FIELD EMISSION, PEEM AND FEEM MEASUREMENTS OF EMITTING SITES OF MPCVD GROWN NANODIAMOND FILMS
		Field emission current-voltage characteristics were measured in ultrahigh vacuum with a variable distance anode technique, and the films displayed a relatively low threshold field of 4-6 V/µm for a current of 0.5 nA.
		FEEM was employed to characterize the spot size of the emitting sites, and the results show that the emission originates from a localized region with a diameter less than 0.1µm.
		Thermionic Field Emission Electron Microscopy (T-FEEM) showed that the electron emission remained essentially constant for temperatures up to 1000ºC. These results suggest that the emitting sites may not originate solely from grain boundaries of the nanocrystalline diamond film but involve additional emission mechanisms that are a topic of ongoing research.
	www.eng.auburn.edu /department/ee/ADC-FCT2001/ADCFCTabstract/218.htm (312 words)

	Advanced Ceramics Report: EQUIPMENT: Field emission scanning@ HighBeam Research (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		A field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) that is controlled by a personal computer (PC) has been introduced by Hitachi Scientific Instruments.
		According to the company from Wokingham, UK, the S-4300 combines the benefits of the field emission electron gun with the sophistication of PC-controlled electronics.
		Hitachi Scientifics device has a cold cathode field emission source with a high brightness that enables the production of images with an excellent...
	www.highbeam.com /library/doc0.asp?DOCID=1G1:50348917&refid=ip_encyclopedia_hf (192 words)

	Field emission properties of nanocarbon structures (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Especially field emission flat panel displays (FED's) seem to be very promising of becoming a strong competitor against the LCD displays [4], due to low power consumption, high viewing angle of 160 degrees and high brilliance.
		By means of energy resolved field emission we determined for multiwalled (MWNT) and for singlewalled (SWNT) nanotubes, that the field emitted electrons originate from a continuos band of electron states at the Fermi energy.
		By field emission spectroscopy we could determine the work function of MWNT at their apex to be around 5+/-0.3 eV, which agrees with the average work function of 4.8 eV measured by photoelectron emission spectroscopy.
	www.fondazione-elba.org /28.htm (607 words)

	Vertical field emission devices and methods of fabrication with applications to flat panel displays (US5714837)
		Vertical field emission devices are described with very small cathode to anode separations.
		The field emission components can be adapted for the production of light emitting, field emission diodes.
		Arrays of closely packed light emitting, field emission diodes of the present invention are particularly suitable for use in displays.
	www.delphion.com /details?pn=US05714837__ (392 words)

	Directory:Field Emission Lamps - PESWiki
		New lighting technology developed at UC Davis, called field emission lamps, offers quality, cost and environmental benefits compared with existing types of lighting, such as incandescent, fluorescent and light emitting diodes.
		Field emission lamps can match exactly the spectrum of natural daylight.
		UC Davis has developed materials for field emission cathodes that are inexpensive and simple to make.
	peswiki.com /index.php/Directory:Field_Emission_Lamps (160 words)

	Field Emission Laboratory
		Field Emission Laboratory at the Department of Physics, has a history as old as 25 years.
		Research in field emission started in the first phase of expansion of the department, when it focussed its research on the important areas in experimental Physics and Materials Science.
		D S Joag and C V Dharmadhikari, the first field emission pattern was observed in the year 1975.
	physics.unipune.ernet.in /~fem (193 words)

	Field-emission ion source with spiral shaped filament heater - Patent 4551650
		A high electric field is formed at the end of the emitter tip 2 due to the extracting voltage supplied between the emitter tip 2 and the extracting electrode (not shown in the figure).
		By applying the high-voltage power supply 8 to the above conditions, the large electric field is produced in the vicinity of the end of the emitter tip 2, by the extracting electrode 6.
		As the intensity of the electric field near the end of the emitter tip 2 approaches a certain value, the material to be ionized 3 which is wetting the end of the emitter tip 2 is ionized and is extracted as the ion beam 7.
	www.freepatentsonline.com /4551650.html (1509 words)

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