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Topic: Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution

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	Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The Eighth Amendment to the United States Constitution which is part of the Bill of Rights protects against excessive bail or fines well as against cruel and unusual punishment.
		The Court outlined three that were to be considered in determining the sentence is excessive: "(i) the gravity the offense and the harshness of the (ii) the sentences imposed on other criminals the same jurisdiction; and (iii) the sentences for commission of the same crime in jurisdictions."
		The Constitution of the United States of Analysis and Interpretation.
	www.freeglossary.com /United_States_Constitution/Amendment_Eight (638 words)

	Amendments to the Constitution of the United States — Infoplease.com
		Amendment XI (The proposed amendment was sent to the states Mar. 5, 1794, by the Third Congress.
		Amendment XV (The proposed amendment was sent to the states Feb. 27, 1869, by the Fortieth Congress.
		Amendment XX (The proposed amendment, sometimes called the “Lame Duck Amendment,” was sent to the states Mar. 3, 1932, by the Seventy-second Congress.
	www.infoplease.com /ipa/A0749825.html (2100 words)

	Close Up Foundation Civics Education \| Constitution of the United States
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by the Congress.
		This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.
	www.closeup.org /const.htm (3858 words)

	United States House of Representatives - Amendments to the Constitution
		The amendment was rejected (and not subsequently ratified) by Mississippi, December 4, 1865.
		The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-ninth Congress, on the 13th of June, 1866.
		The twenty-first amendment to the Constitution was proposed to the several states by the Seventy-Second Congress, on the 20th day of February, 1933, and was declared, in a proclamation by the Secretary of State, dated on the 5th day of December, 1933, to have been ratified by 36 of the 48 States.
	www.house.gov /house/Constitution/Amend.html (2086 words)

	Understanding Your Voting Rights
		These special provisions authorized the United States Attorney General to provide for examiners and observers to register voters and monitor elections, banned the use of tests, and also required these certain areas to submit any changes in their voting laws to the federal government for approval (this preapproval provision was called Apreclearance@).
		The special provisions of the Act which allow the United States Attorney General to intervene in areas in which there is a disparity between the numbers and qualifications of voters will, however, come up for review in the year 2007.
		States (and their subdivisions) can apply for early exemption from the special provisions by demonstrating a ten-year record of no voting discrimination, and by showing that they have complied with the law.
	www.oag.state.ny.us /family/kids/crime/voting.html (1937 words)

	ADAH: Alabama Moments (Boswell Amendment--Details)
		Proposed by State Senator E. "Bud" Boswell and passed by the legislature in 1945, the law was designed "as a device for eliminating Negro applicants." It required that a prospective voter be able to "understand and explain" any section of the United States Constitution.
		The Amendment's supporters believed Boswell to be "the only means short of intimidation and violence by which the people of [Alabama could] preserve" their long-held political and social supremacy.
		In 1946, after the Boswell amendment was passed, the NAACP's Birmingham and Mobile branches, operating through the state's Conference of Branches, initiated "Operation Suffrage," a program through which it sought to sponsor a test case against the measure.
	www.alabamamoments.state.al.us /sec53det.html (470 words)

	United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Several of the ideas in the Constitution were new, and that a large number of ideas were drawn from the literature of republicanism, from the experiences of the 13 states, and from the British experience with mixed government.
		The United States Bill of Rights were the ten amendments added to the Constitution in 1791, as the supporters had promised opponents during the debates of 1788.
		This means that the states' constitutions and laws should not conflict with the laws of the federal constitution-- and that in case of a conflict, state judges are legally bound to honor the federal laws and constitution over those of any state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/United_States_Constitution (2455 words)

	Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Amendment XV (the Fifteenth Amendment) of the United States Constitution provides that governments in the United States may not prevent a citizen from voting because of his race, color, or previous status as a slave.
		After the passage of the Thirteenth Amendment, which barred slavery, and the Fourteenth Amendment, which guaranteed former slaves citizenship, there were still fears by the Radical Republicans that sympathizers to the Confederate cause would attempt to achieve through suppression of the fl vote what they could not obtain by war.
		The Democratic Party of the State of Mississippi was "whites only"—a trick they pulled off because legally the Democratic party was a private organization, not a government agency, and therefore was not required to obey the provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fifteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution (1055 words)

	Reconstruction
		The Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed by the...
		With the ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution in December 1865, slavery was officially abolished in all areas of the United...
		The Fourteenth Amendment was one of three amendments to the Constitution adopted after...
	www.gradebook.org /Reconstruction.htm (719 words)

	Fifteenth Amendment
		As a condition for re-admittance to the Union, the Congress proposed forcing the former Confederate states to ratify the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution.
		The United States Congress submitted the Fifteenth Amendment to the states for approval in February 1869.
		When the United States Congress submitted the Fifteenth Amendment to the states for approval, Democrats controlled the Ohio legislature and refused to ratify the amendment.
	www.ohiohistorycentral.org /entry.php?rec=1487 (532 words)

	American Experience \| Ulysses S. Grant \| People & Events \| Passage of the Fifteenth Amendment
		Republicans' answer to the problem of the fl vote was to add a Constitutional amendment that guaranteed fl suffrage in all states, and no matter which party controlled the government.
		The third version stated plainly and directly that all male citizens who were 21 or older had the right to vote.
		Acting quickly, Congress ruled that in order to be let into the Union, these states had to accept both the Fifteenth Amendment and the Fourteenth Amendment, which granted citizenship to all people born in the United States, including former slaves.
	www.pbs.org /wgbh/amex/grant/peopleevents/e_fifteenth.html (490 words)

	Key Figures in Women’s History
		For casting a vote in the presidential election held on November 5, 1872, as she asserted the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution entitled her to do, she was served a warrant and fined, but she never paid the fine.
		She was defended at trial by Matilda Joslyn Gage, who asserted that it was the United States that was truly on trial, not Anthony.
		Their focus was lobbying for a constitutional amendment to secure the right to vote for women.
	www.umt.edu /wcenter/default_files/Page1784.htm (1194 words)

	Amendments To The US Constitution
		The 13th Amendment to the Constitution, relating to slavery, was proposed on January 31, 1865, and ratification was completed on December 6, 1865.
		The 12th amendment governs the procedures for the election of the President of the United States.
		The 20th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States is also called the Lame Duck Amendment, because it put a stop to "lame duck" sessions of Congress by advancing the dates for the President's inauguration to January 20 from March 4th, and the date for Congress to convene to January 3rd from march 4th.
	www.classbrain.com /artteenst/publish/cat_index_12.shtml (376 words)

	Constitution for the United States of America
		The conventions of a number of the States having at the time of their adopting the Constitution, expressed a desire, in order to prevent misconstruction or abuse of its powers, that further declaratory and restrictive clauses should be added.
		Article the twelfth [Amendment X] The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.
		No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State.
	www.constitution.org /cons/constitu.htm (4802 words)

	Constitution for the United States of America
		But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken by States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; a quorum for this Purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds of the States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a Choice.
		Modified by Amendment XI]; — between Citizens of different States; — between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.
		All Debts contracted and Engagements entered into, before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against the United States under this Constitution, as under the Confederation.
	www.constitution.org /constit_.htm (2670 words)

	Civil War and Reconstruction
		The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution enfranchised African American men for the first time, and following the election of African Americans to the state Constitutional Convention of 1867—1868, Virginians adopted a new constitution that once again changed political practices in the state.
		Many of these changes were unpopular with Virginia's traditional political leaders, and during the closing years of the nineteenth century they attempted to turn back the clock and to drive African Americans and the Republican Party out of politics.
		They succeeded with the constitution of 1902, which imposed strict and complicated voter registration procedures designed to reduce or eliminate African American men from political life and also to limit the number of poor and uneducated white men who could take part.
	www.lva.lib.va.us /whoweare/exhibits/political/civilwar.htm (233 words)

	CRFC equal
		The amendment said, "The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied …on account of sex." After 130 years of struggle, women in the United States finally had the right to vote for their elected representatives.
		In the United States the age for voting was always 21.
		The 26th Amendment lowered the minimum voting age from 21 to 18.
	www.crfc.org /equal.html (900 words)

	The Avalon Project : U.S. Constitution : Amendments XI - XXVII
		This Amendment altered Article 1 Section 4 Part 2 and Article 2 Section 1 Part5
		The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3rd day of January, unless they shall by law appoint a different day.
		This Amendment altered Article 1 Section 3 Part 1 and Article 1 Section 3 Part 2
	www.yale.edu /lawweb/avalon/amend1.htm (1440 words)

	15th Amendment to the US Constitution<BR>Voting Rights, 1870
		The Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified and enacted in early spring, 1870, gave male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
		19th Amendment of the US Constitution - Women's Right To Vote
		The Advancement of the Presidential Inauguration and the Convening of the Congressional Session
	www.classbrain.com /artteenst/publish/15th_amendment.shtml (120 words)

	FindLaw: U.S. Constitution: Fifteenth Amendment
		Use the Thomson Legal Record to access a lawyer's litigation record!
		Main Index > Cases and Codes > U.S. Constitution > Fifteenth Amendment
		Fifteenth Amendment - Right of Citizens to Vote
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /data/constitution/amendment15 (321 words)

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