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	Abraham Lincoln Brigade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Abraham Lincoln Brigade was an organization of United States volunteers supporting or fighting for the anti-fascist Spanish Republican forces in the Spanish Civil War as part of the International Brigade.
		The International Brigade was used by the Loyalist army for several battles in Spain.
		The International Brigade was withdrawn from battle by the Spanish prime minister in spring of 1938.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Abraham_Lincoln_Brigade (670 words)

	Encyclopedia: International Brigade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The International Brigade was the name given to the band of volunteers and mercenaries who travelled to Spain to fight against the "Nationalist" forces led by General Franco and helped by Nazi German and Mussolini Italian forces, and defend the legitimate Spanish Republic government in the Spanish civil war between 1936 and 1939.
		The first International Brigade, the XIth Brigade (numbered XI, next to the ten mixed brigades of the Spanish regular army), under command of Kléber, was engaged during the Battle of Madrid, occupying its positions on 8 November 1936.
		Even though the International Brigades did not win the battle by themselves, nor significantly change the situation, they certainly did provide an example by their superb fight, and improved the morale of the population by demonstrating the concern of other nations in the fight.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/International-Brigade (5828 words)

	Encyclopedia topic: Abraham Lincoln Brigade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The name "brigade (Army unit smaller than a division) " is something of a misnomer, as there were several American battalion (An army unit usually consisting of a headquarters and three or more companies) s organized under the Fifteenth International Brigade (additional info and facts about Fifteenth International Brigade) of the Spanish Republican army.
		This brigade was loosely organized by the Comintern (additional info and facts about Comintern) and was made up of volunteers from nations around the globe.
		The IWW (A former international labor union and radical labor movement in the United States; founded in Chicago in 1905 and dedicated to the overthrow of capitalism; its membership declined after World War I), or "Wobblies", were lightly represented.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/a/ab/abraham_lincoln_brigade.htm (743 words)

	Lincoln Brigade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The name " brigade " is something of a misnomer, as there were several American battalions organized under the Fifteenth International Brigade of the Spanish Republicanarmy.
		The International Brigade was used by the Loyalistarmy for several battles in Spain.
		The International Brigade was withdrawn from battle by the Spanish prime minister inspring of 1938.
	www.therfcc.org /lincoln-brigade-223486.html (428 words)

	Encyclopedia: Abraham Lincoln Brigade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		brigade" is something of a misnomer, as there were several American In military terminology, a battalion consists of two to six companies typically commanded by a lieutenant colonel.
		Fifteenth International Brigade of the Spanish Republican army.
		To the Abraham Lincoln Brigade, which fought from 1937 through 1938, the defense of the Republic represented the last hope of stopping the spread of international fascism.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Abraham-Lincoln-Brigade (1883 words)

	Knowledge King - Abraham Lincoln Brigade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Abraham Lincoln Brigade was a loose organization of American volunteers supporting or fighting for the anti-fascist forces in the Spanish Civil War.
		Most of the people making up the Abraham Lincoln Brigade were official members of the Communist Party or affiliated with other socialist organizations.
		It was the first racially integrated American fighting force, and the first to have an African-American officer, Oliver Law, lead white soldiers.
	www.knowledgeking.net /encyclopedia/a/ab/abraham_lincoln_brigade.html (396 words)

	Ecuador Army - Flags, Maps, Economy, History, Climate, Natural Resources, Current Issues, International Agreements, ...
		The army deployed two jungle brigades in the Oriente (eastern region): the seventeenth ("Pastaza"), with headquarters at Mera, and the nineteenth ("Napo"), based at Puerto Napo.
		Although not all brigades were at full strength, key units such as the Loja brigade near the Peruvian border had full complements or even additional reinforcements.
		Brigade commanding officers generally held brigadier general rank, although some were led by senior colonels.
	www.photius.com /countries/ecuador/national_security/ecuador_national_security_army.html (473 words)

	Travel through south-eastern Poland
		Everything else remained an uninhabited wilderness until the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, when it was settled by Ruthenian farmers and Wallachian nomads, descendants of the ancient Thracians who had gradually been forced northwards.
		One important point to remember is that the international frontier with Slovakia cuts right through the Western Carpathians, often along mountain ridges, but that it is forbidden to cross over to the other side at anywhere other than an official border post.
		Another highlight is an important collection of fifteenth- to eighteenth-century icons brought from the former Orthodox and Uniate churches of the region, many showing an obvious debt to Roman Catholic art.
	www.lemko.org /lih/travel/beskid.html (9980 words)

	Abraham Lincoln Battalion
		On 23rd September, Juan Negrin, head of the Republican government, announced at the League of Nations in Geneva that the International Brigades would be unilaterally withdrawn from Spain.
		Five brigades of international volunteers fought on behalf of the democratically elected Republican (or Loyalist) government.
		In all, the Communist parties of 53 countries were represented in the International Brigades with a total fighting strength of approximately 18,000, the first of whom arrived in Spain during the latter part of 1936.
	www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk /SPlincoln.htm (3594 words)

	t r u t h o u t - John Pilger \| Fighting Fascism Then, and Now
		Twenty yards away, tourists waiting to board the London Eye, the great ferris wheel built for the Milennium, looked bemused at the elderly men in their berets, and the rest of us, without knowing who we were, what the men had done and why we were celebrating them.
		Between 1936 and 1939, the International Brigade fought in Spain on the side of the Republican government against the fascist forces of General Franco.
		The "historical legacy" of the International Brigade, as Martha Gellhorn wrote, is that they were fighting for us all.
	www.truthout.org /docs_2005/071705Y.shtml (1159 words)

	Committee on International Relations, U.S. House of Representatives
		The South Korean government has made clear that it understands the reasons for the deployment of a brigade of U.S. troops from the Second Infantry Division in South Korea to Iraq, accepts it as a needed measure, and is confident that this deployment poses no threat to deterrence on the Korean Peninsula.
		Under the ARF umbrella, we are planning to co-host with Indonesia and Malaysia a maritime security workshop in September 2004 in Kuala Lumpur to build capacity and to gain a more comprehensive view of the maritime environment and address potential problems.
		It is important to underscore that PSI activities are voluntary and fully consistent with national legal authorities and international law.
	wwwc.house.gov /International_Relations/108/kel060204.htm (4441 words)

	[No title]
		The lecturer spoke from the former synagogue’s pulpit as the fifty-year-old Memorial Banner of the Fifteenth International Brigade’s Connolly Column hung from a place of honour beside the Ark. Held under the auspices of the Irish Jewish Museum’s Cultural Committee, this public lecture had attracted an audience that was particularly diverse in its composition.
		Among the International Brigade volunteers were all kinds of men: writers, poets, artists, who would contribute to the new age.
		International Brigade veterans were also to be in the forefront of Jewish resistance to the Holocaust.
	members.lycos.co.uk /spanishcivilwar/MoR1.htm (17147 words)

	Definition of Military history of the United States - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The U.S. contributed army and marine units, the China Relief Expedition, to an international joint force which captured Peking and forced a Chinese capitulation.
		By August 1900, over 230 foreigners, thousands of Chinese Christians and unknown numbers of rebels, their sympathisers and other Chinese had been killed in the revolt and its suppression.
		The War on terrorism is a global effort by the governments of several countries (primarily the United States and its principal allies) to neutralize international groups it deems as "terrorist" (primarily radical Islamist terrorist groups, including al-Qaida) and ensure that "rogue nations" no longer support terrorist activities.
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Military_history_of_the_United_States (4338 words)

	Read about Abraham Lincoln Brigade at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Abraham Lincoln Brigade and learn about ... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		The Abraham Lincoln Brigade was an organization of United States volunteers supporting or fighting for the anti-fascist Spanish Republican forces in the
		The name "brigade" is something of a misnomer, as there were several American battalions organized under the
		Figueras, near the French border, the brigade was organized in
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Abraham_Lincoln_Brigade (616 words)

	Peter O'Connor, anti-Fascist (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		He arrived home in Waterford in October 1937 and, in 1938, when the International Brigade was disbanded a small group went to the North Railway Station in Waterford to welcome home Jackie Hunt, Johnny Power and John O'Shea.
		And of the 145 who formed the Irish Connolly Column of the Fifteenth International Brigade, Peter O’Connor was one of the first to volunteer.
		The final vindication of the courageous stand against Fascism came when he and the other International Volunteers were the recipients of the right to become honorary citizens of Spain by the unanimous decision of the Spanish Parliament in 1996.
	members.tripod.com /waterfordhistory/peter_o'connor_-_anti-fascist.htm (2355 words)

	International Brigade - All About All findings (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		Blason of the International Brigades The International Brigades were Republican military units in the Spanish Civil War, formed of many non-state sponsored volunteers of different countries who travelled to Spain, to fight for the legitimate, elected government in the Spanish Civil War between 1936 and 1939.
		The politic decision to erect this brigade was conceived in the Danish Defence agreement 1992-1995.
		The name " brigade " is something of a misnomer, as there were several American battalions organized under the Fifteenth International Brigade of the Spanish Republican army.
	www.allaboutall.info /search/International%20Brigade (663 words)

	PASSIA: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs - Jerusalem
		b) From the Crusades in the eleventh century to the fifteenth century, with focus on Islamic rulers in Andalusia.
		He was deported to Jordan where he tried to run for higher office in the Muslim Brotherhood advocating a new approach but was rejected by the old guard who had maintained their seat of power since the early 50s.
		He was recruited by foreign agents and sent to Afghanistan where he succeeded in forming and arming the International Muslim Brigade before he was assassinated in a car bomb.
	www.passia.org /conferences/93/c14.htm (934 words)

	Abe Lincoln Brigade
		The conviction that made volunteering for a war against fascism possible was born from the economic calamity and political turmoil of the 1930s.
		The subject of respectful news reports by such writers as Ernest Hemingway, Herbert Matthews, Martha Gellhorn, and Lillian Hellman, the brigade helped strengthen anti-fascist opinion in the United States.
		Notwithstanding its exclusion from American textbooks, the Abraham Lincoln Brigade commands attention as a unique example of prescient, radical, and selfless action in the cause of international freedom.
	www.writing.upenn.edu /~afilreis/88/abe-brigade.html (1104 words)

	Ireland and the Spanish Civil War - Saothar Obituary of EUGENE DOWNING (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		In March 1938 Eugene enlisted in the Fifteenth International Brigade in order to defend the Spanish Republic against the forces of fascism.
		The International Brigades were represented by Eugene's fellow-veteran of the Ebro, my father Michael O'Riordan, while family members of brigadistas also attended.
		Eugene's coffin was appropriately draped with two flags - an International Brigade banner in the colours of the Spanish Republic and the "Starry Plough" flag of James Connolly's Irish Citizen Army during the 1916 Rising.
	www.geocities.com /irelandscw/IBvol/EDSaotharObit.htm (1423 words)

	Colombia and International Humanitarian Law
		When the FARC perceives a political advantage, it emphasizes its respect for international humanitarian law, as in the case of sixty soldiers captured after an armed forces-FARC clash at the Las Delicias base in the department of Putumayo in 1996 and released ten months later.
		In its single reference to captured prisoners, the manual states that “it is not necessary to execute the enemy when he is defenseless, when he is wounded.” However, in the same manual, commanders are told to “execute criminals of the local security forces who have distinguished themselves for their bestial actions.”157
		At another point in the interview, they claimed that international humanitarian law was an unattainable ideal and had to be “Colombianized” before it could be applied to them, another argument often heard from governments regarding their failure to abide by human rights treaties.
	www.hrw.org /reports98/colombia/Colom989-05.htm (16780 words)

	LEON TROTSKY: 1936- 3RD International After Lenin -- Section 4, Part 3
		The manifesto of the C.C. vainly seeks to salvage, in this section, the resolution of the Fifteenth Congress, which proceeded from the alleged constantly growing preponderance of socialist elements in economy over the capitalist elements.
		But indeed the article in the February 15 issue of Pravda is a public refutation of this incorrect thesis which has been disproved in practice by the entire course of operations necessitated during the grain collections.
		Finally we took these two fundamental internal processes, not as isolated, but in their relation with the world market, which through export and import exerts an ever more determining influence upon the tempo of our economic development.
	www.marxists.org /archive/trotsky/works/1928-3rd/ti13.htm (4620 words)

	Guidon Books - Civil War Books
		Commander of the 57th New York and later the Third Brigade, First Division of Hancock's II Corps, his crowning military moments were at Fredericksburg and Gettysburg.
		It is a richly-detailed and witty reminiscence that fills a historical gap in the brigade's record.
		At the forefront of the international fray was Thomas Haines Dudley, the American Consul in Liverpool.
	www.guidon.com /civil.html (12197 words)

	Guide to the Fifteenth International Brigade Photographic Unit Photograph Collection Aug 1937-Sep 1938 ALBA Photo 011 ...
		Under the supervision of Harry W. Randall, Jr, the Photographic Unit of the 15th International Brigade was charged with documenting the activities of the Brigade during the Spanish Civil War.
		The Photographic Unit of the 15th International Brigade was charged with creating a photographic record of the 15th Brigade for publication in the Brigade's newsletter Volunteer for Liberty, and for distribution to news outlets in the United States, England, and Canada.
		The 15th International Brigade Photographic Unit Photograph Collection spans the period from August 1937 to September 1938 and contains 1,832 fl and white images taken by members of the Photo Unit of the 15th International Brigade during their tour of duty in Spain.
	www.nyu.edu /library/bobst/research/tam/randall_photob.html (2564 words)

	Communist Party of Ireland
		They did not kill him, as one of the senior officers considered that such a high-ranking officer of the International Brigades was a prize that could possibly be exchanged for one of the Italian fascist officers captured by the Republican forces.
		We, the Connolly Column veterans of the International Brigades, were present with our banner displaying the red, yellow and purple colours of the Spanish Republic.
		But it is also necessary to appreciate how far we International Brigaders have travelled: from military defeat in that Spanish war to our subsequent vindication not only by history but also by the acclamation of Spanish democracy itself five years ago.
	www.communistpartyofireland.ie /spainn-en.html (7660 words)

	The journalism and films of John Pilger (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-12)
		At an extraordinary memorial event in London for the International Brigades who went to the aid of the Spanish people in the late 1930s, John Pilger paid tribute to the 'brigaders'.
		She wrote of the International Brigade: "Whatever their nationality, whether they were Communists, anarchists, socialists, poets, plumbers, middle-class professional men, or the one Abyssinian prince ?
		I ask that question, because when I read the aims of the International Brigade Memorial Trust, I was struck by a reference to "the historical legacy of the men and women who fought with the International Brigades against fascism..."
	pilger.carlton.com /print/133473 (1105 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: London
		Two great international exhibitions took place in the years 1851 and 1862 with useful results to the commerce of the capital.
		One of the immediate results of the facilities offered by railways has been the desertion of the City as a residential quarter, and the growth of the suburbs in which most business people now live, going into town daily for business and returning home at night.
		Up to the early years of the fifteenth century St. Paul's had preserved its own liturgical use, known as Usus Sancti Pauli, but on 15 Oct., 1414, the Sarum Rite, then commonly used through the greater part of England, was substituted for it, and remained in use till the Reformation.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09341a.htm (9600 words)

	The Canadian Military Heritage Project - Spanish Civil War. Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion of the XVth International ...
		Mackenzie-Papineau Battalion of the XVth International Brigade of the Spanish Republican Army.
		The International Brigade consisted of, for example, US volunteers in the Abraham Lincoln Battalion, German volunteers in the Thaelmann Battalion, and Canadians in the MacKenzie-Papineau Battalion.
		In October 1938 the International Brigade was withdrawn from combat and disbanded.
	www.rootsweb.com /~canmil/spancw/index.html (669 words)

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