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Topic: Fifth Crusade

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Crusade

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Albigensian Crusade

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	Fifth Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Innocent wanted this crusade to be under the full control of the papacy, as the First Crusade was supposed to have been, in order to avoid the mistakes of the Fourth Crusade, which had been taken over by the Venetians.
		In June of 1218 the crusaders began their siege of Damietta, and despite resistance from the unprepared sultan Al-Adil, the tower outside the city was taken on August 25.
		A dry canal that was previously crossed by the crusaders flooded, thus blocking the crusader army's retreat.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fifth_Crusade (870 words)

	Crusade - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 13th century crusades never expressed such a popular fever, and after Acre fell for the last time in 1291, and after the extermination of the Occitan Cathars in the Albigensian Crusade, the crusading ideal became devalued by Papal justifications of political and territorial aggressions within Catholic Europe.
		The eighth Crusade was organized by Louis IX in 1270, again sailing from Aigues-Mortes, initially to come to the aid of the remnants of the Crusader states in Syria.
		The military experiences of the crusades also had their effects in Europe; for example, European castles became massive stone structures, as they were in the east, rather than smaller wooden buildings as they had typically been in the past.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Crusade (4218 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Crusades
		Crusaders were also granted indulgences and temporal privileges, such as exemption from civil jurisdiction, inviolability of persons or lands, etc. Of all these wars undertaken in the name of Christendom, the most important were the Eastern Crusades, which are the only ones treated in this article.
		The honour of initiating the crusade has also been attributed to Peter the Hermit, a recluse of Picardy, who, after a pilgrimage to Jerusalem and a vision in the church of the Holy Sepulchre, went to Urban II and was commissioned by him to preach the crusade.
		Meanwhile the crusaders, revictualled by the Armenians of the Taurus region, made their way into Syria and on 20 October, 1097, reached the fortified city of Antioch, which was protected by a wall flanked with 450 towers, stocked by the Ameer Jagi-Sian with immense quantities of provisions.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04543c.htm (11618 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies
		The Crusaders were to assemble in Italy in 1217 and set out from there, but the Frisians were late arriving, and the army had to wait out the winter.
		Despite the dangers, a Crusader force went around the city to attack it from the south, where they were exposed to being attacked themselves by the Egyptians.
		The Fifth Crusade was the last general crusade Europe mounted (not counting the 14th century effort that ended at Nicopolis).
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/fifthcru.html (3789 words)

	ORB: The Online Reference Book for Medieval Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Since this was the first crusade since the crusade of the kings in 1189 that actually tried to rescue the Holy Land, its defeat was a bitter blow.
		Frederick had taken the crusading vow in 1215 when he was still a youth, evidently carried away by the moment during his coronation ceremonies at Aachen.
		No crusade was immediately in the offing, and in any case he had to bring Germany to order, so there was no question of him setting out immediately.
	www.the-orb.net /textbooks/crusade/sixcru.html (458 words)

	Fifth Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Simon de Montfort led the crusade for the Pope.
		In 1219-1221, Cardinal Pelagius led a crusade in Egypt.
		However, at the time Frederick was excommunicated, owing either to earlier delays in fulfilling his crusade vows or to the pope's desire for his lands in southern Italy.
	www.umich.edu /~eng415/timeline/summaries/fifth_crusade.htm (332 words)

	Fifth Crusade
		Innocent III in summoning Europe to a new crusade included in his appeal the spectacle of their sacrifice.
		The call for a new crusade was a primary reason for which Innocent convoked the Fourth Lateran Council (1215).
		Initially, the Fifth Crusade was to begin June 1, 1217.
	jmgainor.homestead.com /files/PU/Cru/5cr.htm (431 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Innocent III: Summons to A Crusade, 1215
		The Jews being compelled to count the income which they in the meantime received the lands pledged to them, towards the principal of the sum loaned, the necessary expenses being deducted; for such a benefice does not suffer much loss, when it so delays the payment that it is not itself absorbed by the debt.
		The prelates of the churches, indeed, who shall be found negligent in rendering shall justice to the crusaders and their families, shall know that they shall be severely punished.
		And those who by chance, shall scorn to acquiesce, shall be most sternly compelled to do so through excommunication against their persons and interdict against their land; unless the maliciousness of the injuries shall be so great, that the persons themselves ought not to have the benefit of such peace.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/source/inn3-cdesummons.html (1253 words)

	The Fifth Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The most influential and significant figure in the Fifth Crusade was Cardinal Pelagius, a papal representative.
		Honorius agreed with Innocent that a crusade would only be successful if it were led by the Church rather than by lay lords, so he sent a strong and forceful representative in Pelagius.
		Plenty of crusades followed, but they were lead by individuals and financed out of national treasures.
	members.tznet.com /donjuan/fifth.htm (593 words)

	The Fifth Crusade - History for Kids!
		In 1218, the Crusaders made an alliance with the Seljuk sultan Kay Kaus I, and attacked the port of Damietta in Egypt.
		In 1219, the Crusaders did finally manage to capture Damietta, but then they immediately began to fight among themselves over who would be in charge there.
		In 1221, the Crusaders marched towards Cairo, to try to take over more of Egypt, but the Ayyubids just used the Nile River to flood all the roads, trapping the Crusaders.
	historyforkids.org /learn/medieval/history/latemiddle/fifthcrusade.htm (254 words)

	The Sixth Crusade (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The Fifth Crusade was considered a failure because it did not reclaim Jerusalem or take over Egypt.
		When the Fifth Crusade started, the pope reminded him of the crusading vow he had taken, so he capitulated and took part in the crusade.
		After repeated urgent messages from the crusaders, he sent a fleet with a small force to take part in the crusade but it was not enough.
	members.tznet.com /donjuan/sixth.htm (342 words)

	Sixth Crusade
		Upon the failure of the Fifth Crusade, when the victory had been so nearly within reach, the call to crusade began to go forth once again.
		Since Emperor Frederick II had failed to fulfill his vow in the Fifth Crusade, he came under papal pressure to do so now.
		At the Council of Ferentino in 1223, Frederick renewed his Crusader vow in the presence of the Pope, the King of Jerusalem (John of Brienne, at the time), and the Grand Masters of the Military Orders.
	jmgainor.homestead.com /files/PU/Cru/6cr.htm (360 words)

	Crusade Chronology
		Oct 1096: Peasants' Crusade annihilated in Anatolia by the Turks
		1197: Abortive Crusade of Emperor Henry VI 1198-1224: Albert of Buxtehude expanded the Baltic Crusades
		Aug 1221: Fifth Crusade, in the Nile Delta, surrendered
	people.westminstercollege.edu /faculty/mmarkowski/sscle/ssclechr.html (930 words)

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