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	Fighting Words
		Assuming, arguendo, that all of the expression reached by the ordinance is proscribable under the fighting words doctrine, we nonetheless conclude that the ordinance is facially unconstitutional in that it prohibits otherwise permitted speech solely on the basis of the subjects the speech addresses.
		A cross erected by the Knight Riders of the Ku Klux Klan in a public park, bearing the words "John 3:16," is not fighting words....
		Fighting words is a small class of expressive conduct that is likely to provoke the average person to retaliate, and thereby cause a breach of the peace.
	jcomm.uoregon.edu /~tgleason/j385/Fighting_j385.html (624 words)

	Fighting Words
		Finally, the Court has held that fighting words must be "directed at the person of the hearer" 310 U.S. The Court implemented this narrow test for the many ‘fighting words' cases that followed.
		The definition of fighting words the Court uses is "conduct that inflicts injury or tends to incite violence" (Van Alstyne 259).
		Justice Scalia wrote that when fighting words are prohibited in a manner that some fighting words are permitted and some are not, the prohibition is not protected by the First Amendment.
	www.bsos.umd.edu /gvpt/gvpt339/fightingwords.html (5212 words)

	Fighting Words
		Street's conviction might have been solely based on his words, we are still bound to reverse if the conviction could have been based both upon his words and his act." Such a ruling was dictated, the Court reasoned, to prevent the punishment of constitutionally protected speech.
		In reaching its conclusion, the majority reaffirmed the notion that words may not be banned simply because of their offensive or vulgar nature.
		"It is not true that "fighting words" have at most a "di minimus" expressive content, or that their content is in all respects "worthless and undeserving of constitutional protection"; sometimes they are quite expressive indeed.
	www.freedomforum.org /packages/first/fightingwords/casesummaries.htm (1604 words)

	firstamendmentcenter.org: Arts & free expression in Speech - Topic
		These include the lewd and obscene, the profane, the libelous, and the insulting or “fighting” words — those which by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace.
		He reasoned that “the proscription of the use of ‘opprobrious language,’ embraces words that do not ‘by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace.’ ” Brennan ruled that the Louisiana Supreme Court had failed to confine the statute to just fighting words.
		Brennan determined that the law was not narrowly tailored to prohibit disorderly conduct or fighting words.
	www.firstamendmentcenter.org /speech/arts/topic.aspx?topic=fighting_words (2624 words)

	firstamendmentcenter.org: Arts & free expression in Speech - topic faqs
		New Hampshire, defined fighting words as those words “which by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of the peace.” The court later used the terms “epithets” and “personal abuse” in discussing fighting words.
		California, the Supreme Court determined that the words on a jacket “Fuck the Draft” worn in a courthouse did not constitute fighting words.
		Other courts have determined that curse words did not constitute fighting words when they were not accompanied by threatening behavior or other similar conduct.
	www.firstamendmentcenter.org /Speech/arts/topic_faqs.aspx?topic=fighting_words (266 words)

	deseretnews.com \| 'Fighting words' may not apply to crowds
		Fighting words, the Salt Lake City Council found out this week, don't apply to the masses.
		Instead, the so-called fighting words doctrine, established by the U.S. Supreme Court and other federal courts, applies only to individuals, or, at most, small groups of no more than four, city attorneys told the council this week.
		But Ferguson and Rutan insist there is clearly defined case law stating that fighting words cannot be directed at groups and conceded the ordinance change was minor in application.
	deseretnews.com /dn/view/0,1249,595048213,00.html (530 words)

	REVELATIONS: The Official Fanzine -- Issue 3 May 2003
		In real fighting, art styles develop because there's a philosophy behind the movement, which is considered by its practioners to be effective.
		A cinematic fight needs to have a focus; basically a sense that someone is winning or losing at a given movement during a fight.
		If the fight goes on for too long, the fight becomes pure entertainment and less a means to helping carry the story.
	www.panicstruckpro.com /revelations/fanzine/fanzine_files/03/feature301.html (2101 words)

	Fighting Words (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Such training not only includes practical and effective fighting techniques, but equal emphasis is also placed on the “totality of circumstances,” (this includes the clothes and equipment a combatant will be fighting in, the battle terrain, preparation leading up to a conflict, and post-conflict management – subjects which will be covered in upcoming articles).
		Because you have taken away his fighting space he will have to do one of two things: try to pull back, or try to push you off.
		Fighting with knives is a very risky undertaking; I know because I have been attacked twice at close range, and been threaten several times at longer ranges.
	www.jimwagnertraining.com /articles/CT_Knife_Defense.htm (2689 words)

	FindLaw: U.S. Constitution: First Amendment: Annotations pg. 18 of 21
		This amounted to ''special prohibitions on those speakers who express views on disfavored subjects.'' 84 The fact that government may proscribe areas of speech such as obscenity, defamation, or fighting words does not mean that these areas ''may be made the vehicles for content discrimination unrelated to their distinctly proscribable content.
		New Hampshire, 95 the Court unanimously sustained a conviction under a statute proscribing ''any offensive, derisive, or annoying word'' addressed to any person in a public place under the state court's interpretation of the statute as being limited to ''fighting words''-- i.e., to ''words.
		Therefore, the city's bias-motivated crime ordinance, interpreted as banning the use of fighting words known to offend on the basis of race, color, creed, religion, or gender, but not on such other possible bases as political affiliation, union membership, or homosexuality, was invalidated for its content discrimination.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /data/constitution/amendment01/18.html (6346 words)

	Fighting Words: Temple Specialist Blasts Martin's Temple Location Theory and an Irate Martin Responds (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		Fighting Words: Temple Specialist Blasts Martin's Temple Location Theory and an Irate Martin Responds
		The context and sense of the Greek words translated fish in the New Testament is the flesh of fish (I Corinthians 15:39; Luke 5:6, 9; John 6:9; Matthew 7
		My initial argument was concerning the word 'olam' and that this word does not signify and absolute endlessness of a thing, though it translates- 'for ever', 'everlasting' covenant even of the Sinaitic.
	www.bibarch.com /Perspectives/4.2.htm (4545 words)

	Fighting Words
		Collins argues that because African American women and other historically oppressed groups seek economic and social justice, their social theories may emphasize themes and work from assumptions that are different from those of mainstream American society, generating new angles of vision on injustice.
		"Fighting Words is a treatise, if you will, encouraging all fl women to engage in dialogue and to reach out to each other, regardless of education, income, or class.
		Fighting Words is an amazing work in the way it seamlessly combines the histories of fl women and feminism.
	www.upress.umn.edu /Books/C/collins_fighting.html (827 words)

	Ms. Magazine \| Fighting Words for a Secular America: Ashcroft & Friends vs. George Washington & the Framers
		Fighting Words for a Secular America: Ashcroft and Friends vs. George Washington and the Framers
		The Declaration of Independence contains not one word on religion, basing its authority on the shocking idea that power is derived from ordinary people, which challenged European traditions of rule by divine right and/or heavenly authority.
		Jerry Falwell notoriously blamed 9/11 on “pagans, abortionists, feminists, gays and lesbians … [and other groups] who have tried to secularize America.” He’s a bit late: In 1798, Alexander Hamilton accused Jefferson of a “conspiracy to establish atheism on the ruins of Christianity” in the new republic.
	www.msmagazine.com /fall2004/fightingwords.asp (1866 words)

	PopPolitics.com - Fighting Words: The War Over Language
		The words of war were once the moral and emotional defense of the nation, corresponding with the real memories and motivations of an embattled citizenry.
		After the fighting in Afghanistan simmered down, the popular rhetoric of national affairs shifted away from geographic specifics to the more general “war on terrorism.” No longer involving specific battles or well-defined goals, this war quickly began to look similar to other drawn-out wars with which my generation is familiar.
		When it is looked upon as vulgar, it will cease to be popular.” Only when we choose to not invoke the words of war to address social ills will we begin to solve the problems that lead to violence.
	www.poppolitics.com /articles/2002-09-10-warlanguage.shtml (2895 words)

	FindLaw for Legal Professionals - Case Law, Federal and State Resources, Forms, and Code
		Over appellant's objection the trial court excluded as immaterial testimony relating to appellant's mission 'to preach the true facts of the Bible', his treatment at the hands of the crowd, and the alleged neglect of duty on the part of the police.
		The English language has a number of words and expressions which by general consent and 'fighting words' when said without a disarming smile.
		Derisive and annoying words can be taken as coming within the purview of the statute as heretofore interpreted only when they have this characteristic of plainly tending to excite the addressee to a breach of the peace.
	caselaw.lp.findlaw.com /scripts/getcase.pl?navby=search&court=US&case=/us/315/568.html (1779 words)

	FindLaw Constitutional Law Center: U.S. Constitution: First Amendment: Annotations pg. 18 of 21
		This amounted to ''special prohibitions on those speakers who express views on disfavored subjects.''84 The fact that government may proscribe areas of speech such as obscenity, defamation, or fighting words does not mean that these areas ''may be made the vehicles for content discrimination unrelated to their distinctly proscribable content.
		New Hampshire,95 the Court unanimously sustained a conviction under a statute proscribing ''any offensive, derisive, or annoying word'' addressed to any person in a public place under the state court's interpretation of the statute as being limited to ''fighting words''-- i.e., to ''words.
		These categories of speech are not ''entirely invisible to the Constitution,'' but instead ''can, consistently with the First Amendment, be regulated because of their constitutionally proscribable content.''110 Content discrimination unrelated to that ''distinctively proscribable content'' runs afoul of the First Amendment.
	supreme.lp.findlaw.com /constitution/amendment01/18.html (6415 words)

	Fighting Words By Carl F. Worden - Price of Liberty (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		We are Americans, and those are fighting words, you son of a bitch!
		Those are the kind of fighting words that bring Americans of almost all reasonable conservative and liberal bents together to fight off a common threat.
		Every single American was threatened by those words, and everyone in America needs to understand this government no longer respects the Rule of Law unless it suits them.
	www.thepriceofliberty.org /03/10/08/worden.htm (976 words)

	Regulation of Hate Speech
		The Court's opinion in the case stated that there was a category of face-to-face epithets, or "fighting words," that was wholly outside of the protection of the First Amendment: those words "which by their very utterance inflict injury" and which "are no essential part of any exposition of ideas."
		The Court, in an an opinion by Justice Scalia, reversed R. V.'s conviction on the ground that the ordinance unconstitutionally criminalized some hurtful expression (specifically that aimed at racial and religious minorites) and not other hurtful expression (that aimed at other unprotected groups) based on the political preferences of legislators.
		Scalia makes clear that "fighting words" is not, as Chaplinsky had suggested, a category of speech that is wholly outside of First Amendment protection.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/conlaw/hatespeech.htm (877 words)

	Fighting Words by Karen Kwiatkowski
		I watched Tony Blair’s speech from the roof of the Chamber of Commerce building in Washington, D.C., in the open canvas tent that serves as BBC Washington’s operations room/studio.
		The choice of this word reveals the pathology of neoconservative arrogance, exposing the taproot of blindness and practical inhumanity they share with the most vicious of clerics or kings.
		The bookend to the "dispensation" we have so generously granted the Middle East is another D word, Blair’s grand finale of "destiny." It’s usually a word associated with heroes, individual men and women.
	www.lewrockwell.com /kwiatkowski/kwiatkowski27.html (1225 words)

	NewStandard: 5/18/97
		Black Confederates have also become fodder in fights over the rebel battle flag, which flies over the South Carolina statehouse and forms part of Georgia's state banner.
		Jordan also resents the flak he has taken from liberal academics and fellow fls who feel he is "airing dirty laundry" and abetting racists by writing about fl loyalty to the South.
		He cites many historic examples of "people fighting in the forces of their oppressors," such as Indians who scouted for the U.S. Army.
	www.s-t.com /daily/05-97/05-18-97/e12li255.htm (1092 words)

	Fighting Words
		Thoughts and words from the new revolution (November 2nd, 2004) The re-election of George Walker Bush.
		Words can’t explain the feelings that follow after the checking of one’s voicemail only to hear your father’s broken voice say, “Mijo, hablame cuando oigas este mensaje, mi mama fallesio.”
		A small glimpse, thanks, token of appreciate and ode by way of words on a blog for two saps in my tiny nucleus of cronies.
	humbertave.blogspot.com (3047 words)

	Muscle & Fitness: Fighting words
		So figures the Ultimate Fighting Championship's mouthy middleweight contender and former teen bodybuilder Phil Baroni, who always steps into the Octagon shredded (Exhibit A: the photo at right).
		Every one of my fights has been the most exciting fight on the card.
		But if you watch me fight, I'm the realest, rawest fighter there is. I have the best chin in MMA and the hardest right hand.
	www.findarticles.com /p/articles/mi_m0801/is_9_65/ai_n6160168 (1070 words)

	Words Worth Fighting For (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		At the time, more than a few people noted that such words could have been uttered by Malcolm X, that other plain- spoken American.
		When the country was addled by the debate over gays in the military, Goldwater said: "You don't need to be 'straight' to fight and die for your country.
		Instead of Goldwater's blunt lucidity, we get weasel words, as in Bush's "weapons-of-mass-destruction-related program activities," from his 2004 State of the Union Address.
	www.fastcompany.com /magazine/86/hamill.html (827 words)

	Townhall.com :: Columns :: Fighting words by Mona Charen - Apr 23, 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		The word enormity is quickly slipping its moorings.
		There are a number of words that have tumbled out of otherwise well-educated mouths that do not, strictly speaking, exist.
		OK, I don't want to poach any longer on William Safire's territory (which reminds me of the time I served poached salmon at a brunch and a 15-year-old guest took her mother aside to ask if the meal had been stolen).
	www.townhall.com /columnists/monacharen/mc20040423.shtml (655 words)

	Peace Corps \| World Wise Schools \| Educators \| Lesson Plans and Curriculum
		"Fighting Words with Words" provides students with some simple tools to use when confronted with the prejudicial statements of others.
		Have students work with partners to come up with the sweeping generalizations behind the balancing statements given in "Fighting Words with Words." For example, if the balancing statement is "I just don't agree with you that girls don't do as well as boys in math.
		Have students work in cooperative groups to design posters that illustrate the nine types of balancing statements identified in the "Fighting Words with Words" worksheet.
	www.peacecorps.gov /wws/guides/looking/lesson34.html (775 words)

	AIGA - Fighting Words
		Using words to dishearten the enemy is nearly as old as war itself: in the 13th Century, kites with messages were flown into a Chinese prison to incite a riot, and British soldiers at the Battle of Bunker Hill were given fliers offering them land and freedom if they surrendered.
		Another, made by the North Vietnamese and targeted for African-American soldiers, argued: “Black men should not fight for racist USA.” A German leaflet from WWII caricatured Roosevelt using the slogan “Rich man’s war—poor man’s fight,” while Japanese flyers from the same era suggested American G.I.’s look to their unfaithful wives.
		They are truly fighting words, an essential example of the pen being mightier than the sword.
	journal.aiga.org /content.cfm?ContentAlias=_getfullarticle&aid=901878 (1141 words)

	Boxing News :: Articles : “Fighting Words” – Hey Oscar, Roy and Evander: Retire Already!
		In this week’s edition of Fighting Words, I will clarify precisely why three of the past generation’s greatest boxing stars need to hang up their gloves, emphasizing my argument with the underlying mistakes each would be making by participating in their proposed upcoming fights.
		The Real Deal’s last fight was a loss in November 2004 to Larry Donald. For all intents and purposes, it could have come against Curb Your Enthusiasm’s Larry David.
		In next week’s edition of Fighting Words, I will discuss the results and implications of this weekend’s super middleweight title bout between IBF champion Jeff Lacy and challenger Robin Reid. Also, look for The 10 Count to return from its one-week hiatus with a vengeance, as it examines the latest boxing news.
	www.boxingscene.com /?m=show&id=1658 (1261 words)

	VIPedit.jul (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-17)
		In April 1995, it would have gotten me declared an enemy of the state, an inciter of violence, and for all intents and purposes the murderer of babies.
		They mean that he substitutes words for deeds, especially in foreign policy, and is shocked when his yammering has no effect.
		In the wake of the Oklahoma City tragedy, we have seen a different side of that confusion--the deliberate conflation of his opponents' words with the deadly deeds of a handful of vicious, isolated individuals.
	www.reason.com /9507/VIPedit.jul.html (1646 words)

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