Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf

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Topic: Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf

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	Observation of ocean tides below the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using SAR interferometry: Comparison with tide model predictions
		Observation of ocean tides below the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica, using SAR interferometry: Comparison with tide model predictions
		Small features that are not well resolved by the typical grid spacing of ocean tidal models may contribute to such processes as iceberg calving and cross-frontal ventilation of the ocean cavity under the ice shelf.
		Free-surface displacement patterns associated with ocean variability below glacial ice can be observed by differencing two synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) interferograms, each of which represents the combination of the displacement patterns associated with the time-varying vertical motion and the time-independent lateral ice flow.
	www.esr.org /abstracts/rignot_etal_00_abs.html

	Filchnertext
		Ice shelves develop mainly from glaciers flowing slowly downhill toward the ocean-- "upstream" the ice shelf rests on land, but "downstream" the ice shelf extends out onto and into the ocean, mostly below sea level.
		In fact, the ocean's tides lift and drop the ice shelf every day; this is called hinging, and the place where the ice shelf connects to the "shoreline" bedrock is called the hinge-line, since the outer shelf swings up and down from it.
		Ronne complicated things by naming the area west of Berkner Island Ronne (after his wife, he said, who was with him at the time).
	earthshots.usgs.gov /Filchner/Filchnertext

	ePIC: Evidence for basal marine ice in the Filchner-Ronne ice shelf
		Here we present the results of an analysis of the physical and chemical characteristics of an ice core drilled almost to the bottom of the Ronne ice shelf.
		Ice in the upper part of the shelf is of meteoric origin, but it has been proposed(2-5) that a basal layer of saline ice accumulates from below.
		The basal ice is very different from sea ice formed at the ocean surface, and we propose a formation mechanism in which ice platelets in the water column accrete to the bottom of the ice shelf.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Publications/Oer1992a_abstract.html

	Hartmut Hellmer's abstracts
		Where the shelf is shallow, 400 m deep, a closed circulation cell within the Ronne cavity acts like an ice pump with accumulation rates of marine ice at the ice shelf base up to 1.5 my-1.
		1992b Abstract: A comparison of samples from a translucent green iceberg with a core from the Ronne Ice Shelf revealed an excellent agreement in isotopic composition, crystal structure, and incorporated sediment particles.
		To simulate how this modification results from and influences the sub-ice shelf circulation, a two-dimensional thermohaline circulation model is developed for a section perpendicular to the ice shelf edge.
	www.ldeo.columbia.edu /~hhellmer/html/abstract.html

	ocean condition and processes beneath the ronne ice shelf
		Processes beneath ice shelves, particularly the Filchner-Ronne ice shelf (FRIS) in the Weddell Sea, make a significant contribution to the conversion of water masses over the Antarctic continental shelf, producing deep and bottom waters that drive global oceanic circulation.
		This will assist researchers in parameterising fluxes at the ice shelf-ocean boundary for use in regional models, such as the sub-ice shelf versions of MICOM and the GFDL model.
		The most advanced of current models are one-dimensional in the along-shelf direction (perpendicular to the ice front) and couple dynamical and scalar transport predictions to a frazil ice model which allows crystals to grow and interact.
	www.cpom.org /research/ronne.htm

	Klaus Grosfeld of Paleoceanographic Modeling Group, Department of Geosciences, University of Bremen
		In addition, the central part of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf consists of meteoric and a layer of marine ice with thicknesses up to 400 m, which accumulates from the ocean underneath the ice shelf by crystallization processes.
		The installation of temperature chains inside drillholes down to the sea water underneath the ice shelf yield data about the temperature-depth profile, the ice thickness and its variation, and the sea-water temperature.
		On the base of heat conduction theory a two-dimensional thermal ice-shelf model was developed, regarding thermal properties that depend on temperature and salinity to simulate the influence of the freezing process of basal marine ice on the temperature profile.
	www.earthsciences.uni-bremen.de /~grosfeld/G93.html

	Weddell Sea - enyclopaedia article about Weddell Sea
		Much of the southern part of the sea, up to Elephant Island, is permanent ice, the Filchner-Ronne ice shelf.
		In was in this sea that Shackleton's ship, the Endurance was trapped and crushed by ice.
		It is believed that the break-up of Gondwana started in the Weddell Sea.
	www.pro-researcher.co.uk /encyclopaedia/english/weddell_sea

	The Calving of Icebergs A-43 and A-44, Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
		The western edge of the floating Ronne Ice Shelf adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula is shown, together with the mottled grey sea ice of the Weddell Sea.
		Also visible in this low resolution data is a faint white line, indicating a large rift or crevasse, beginning at the western edge of the ice shelf about 35 km in from and running parallel to the ice front.
		While the ice front retreated 34 km and many decades of ice shelf growth were lost; this calving process is part of the normal cycle of ice shelf dynamics.
	www.ccrs.nrcan.gc.ca /ccrs/rd/apps/marine/ice/calv00_e.html

	Formation and circulation of ice shelf water in the Weddell and Ross Seas
		The model is in good agreement with observations under the Ronne Ice Shelf, and it indicates that ISW in the Filchner Depression is formed from Western Shelf Water (WSW) with salinity higher than 34.75 practical salinity units.
		This implies a circulation of WSW, under the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, from the Ronne Depression into the Filchner Depression.
		Such high-salinity water is only observed in the Ronne Depression in the western part of the continental shelf.
	www.fou.uib.no /drgrad/1995/406001

	Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf interferometry studies
		Fifteen synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images of the Ronne Ice Shelf (also referred to as the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, or FRIS), Antarctica, obtained by the European Space Agency (ESA)'s Earth Remote Sensing satellites (ERS) 1 \and 2 are used to study ice-shelf dynamics near two ends of the iceberg-calving front.
		Many of the large rifts that appear to form the boundaries where tabular icebergs may eventually detach from the ice shelf are filled with a melange of sea ice, ice-shelf debris and wind-blown snow.
		The interferograms show that this melange tends to deform coherently in response to the ice shelf flow and has sufficient strength to trap large tabular ice-shelf fragments for several decades before the fragments eventually become icebergs.
	www-radar.jpl.nasa.gov /glacier/Antarctica/ronne.html

	RONNE POLYNYA EXPERIMENT (ROPEX)
		Over one hundred conductivity-temperature-depth ("CTD") stations were collected in the region of the Filchner overflow, and near and north of the Ronne ice front.
		Four new European/US moorings were deployed in a region where dense water modified by the inclusion of potentially supercooled Ice Shelf Water first flows down the continental slope after leaving the Filchner Depression.
		High-salinity shelf water flows into the cavity under the floating glacial ice shelves and is modified by incorporation of the fresh and cold glacial ice.
	www.esr.org /ropex/ronice.html

	Department of Mathematics - Annual Report 2003
		In the former project, dense water formed in the polynya adjacent to the floating Filchner-Ronne ice shelf drives under-ice-shelf-circulation.
		The AUTOSUB (an autonomous underwater vehicle) will be used to measure physical oceanographic variables beneath the ice shelf in February 2005.
		Data from the AUTOSUB will be incorporated into the ice shelf circulation models developed by Dr Gareth Owen and myself at Keele.
	www.keele.ac.uk /depts/ma/report/research.html

	VELMAP Related Publications
		"Geodetic Fieldwork Along Foundation Ice Stream." Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf Programme (FRISP) 9:101--105.
		"Ice Sheet Surface Velocities Along the Lambert Glacier Basin Traverse Route." Antarctic Cooperative Research Centre and Australian Antarctic Division.
		"Ice Front Fluctuations in the Eastern and Southern Weddell Sea." Annals of Glaciology 6:187--191.
	arcss.colorado.edu /data/velmap/publications.html

	Images of Antarctic Ice Shelves: Ronne-Filchner
		Ronne Ice Shelf images range from 18 KB to 5.64 MB.
		Beginning Autumn 2001, NSIDC monitors Antarctic ice shelves with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) visible satellite data.
	nsidc.org /data/iceshelves_images/ronne.html

	ePIC: Snow accumulation rates and isotopic contents (2H, 18O, 3H) of near surface firn of the Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
		The accumulation and distribution of the 2H content of near-surface layers in the eastern part of the Ronne Ice Shelf were determined from 16 firn cores drilled to about 10 m depth in 1990 and 1992.
		Comparison with surface data indicates that the ice above 142 m in core B15 and above 137 m in core B13 was deposited on the ice shelf, whereas the deeper ice, down to 152.8 m depth, most probably originated from the margin of the antarctic ice sheet.
		The 2H profiles of the two ice cores B13 and B15 drilled in 1990 and 1992 to 215 and 320 m depth, respectively, reflect the gradual depletion in 2H in the firn upstream of the drill sites.
	www.awi-bremerhaven.de /Publications/Gra1994c_abstract.html

	AWI: Eisbergabbruch, Ross-Schelfeis
		This indicates that the calving events started in October 1998 at the eastern ice front of Ronne Ice Shelf (http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/FILCHNER/filchner.html) continued now to the western part.
		These break offs as well as the preceding events at the Ronne Ice Shelf (iceberg A-38) or at the Ross Ice Shelf (iceberg B-15) have to be attributed to the natural dynamics of these ice shelves.
		Obviously, the calving event in October 1998 (iceberg A-38) west of Berkner Island initiated a series of calving events at the end of which the ice shelf front was repositioned backwards by about 35-40 km.
	www.meeresforschung.de /AWI/Presse/PM/ALTE-PM/160500.html

	Antarctic, Patagonia, Cape Horn, Tierra Del Fuego, South Georgia, Arctic Expeditions, VICTORY ADVENTURE TRAVEL
		Today, some 91% of the world's freshwater reserves are contained in Antarctic ice, which averages 6500 feet deep and in places reaches over 13,000 feet.
		Cruise ships pass along the leading edge of these shelves and treat visitors to the spectacle of huge chunks of ice 'calving' off these 150-foot high walls of ice.
		* This list is not intended to account for non-specific geographic areas where Zodiac cruising may occur or where other activities such as helicopter flights and ice walks occur.
	www.victory-cruises.com /antarctic.fotos.html

	DFD image of the month for August 1999: Antarctic Iceberg
		A large iceberg,150 x 35 square km in area and 400 meters thick, calved off Antarctica's Filchner-Ronne ice shelf on 13 October 1998, drifting into the Weddell Sea and taking with it the research station of the Alfred Wegener Institute.
		A look at the historical record of ice movement for this region clearly revealed the formation and propagation of ice cracks which preceded and caused the calving of this particular iceberg (some of these cracks are visible near the lower right corner of the image).
		As the iceberg subsequently began to break apart, the German icebreaker "Polarstern" was sent to the scene so its crew could dissassemble the station, bring it to the edge of the ice and heave it on board with a crane in a dramatic rescue mission.
	www.dfd.dlr.de /app/iom/1999_08/index.html

	UK report 1998
		Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf Programme Report, No. 11, 8-12.
		Filchner Ronne Ice Shelf Programme Report, No. 10, 102-106.
		Vaughan, D.G. Low profile ice sheets around Filchner-Ronne ice shelf.
	www.nerc-bas.ac.uk /public/icd/eww/scar98.html

	Researchers Measure Antarctic Ice Shelf Tides From Space For The First Time
		Now, researchers at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University of California, San Diego, and Earth and Space Research of Seattle have measured Antarctic ice shelf tides from space for the first time.
		"Ice shelves are floating ice blocks, so if the ocean underneath them is warming, it will increase the melting under the ice shelves and the ice is going to get thinner," said Fricker, of the Cecil H. and Ida M. Green Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics at Scripps.
		Every 35 days, as the satellite orbited over Antarctica, the radar signals would hit the ice shelves and bounce back to the satellite, allowing scientists to calculate how the height of the ice shelves was changing.
	www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2002/08/020801075003.htm

	Satellite Images: Ronne ice shelf and weddell sea, antarctica
		Satellite Images: Ronne ice shelf and weddell sea, antarctica
		Post a comment to 'Ronne ice shelf and weddell sea, antarctica'
		Riiser-larsen ice shelf and fimbul ice shelf, antarctica
	www.redtailcanyon.com /items/14651.aspx

	Peer review articles 2003
		"Water mass modification over the continental shelf north of Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica." Journal Geophysical Research 108(C8), 3260 : doi: 10,1029/2002JC001713, 2003.
		"Lake stratigraphy implies an 80 000 yr delayed melting of buried dead ice in northern Russia." Journal of Quaternary Science 18 (7): 663-679.
		"The seasonal cycle in the Atlantic transport to the Barents Sea during the years 1997-2001." Continental Shelf Research 24 (9): 1015-1032.
	www.bjerknes.uib.no /publications/Pub/articles03.html

	FRISP - Forum for Ice Shelf Processes
		FRISP - Forum for Research into Ice Shelf Processes
		But meanwhile the geographical restriction to FRIS was widened up and other ice shelves have been included into the investigations.
		FRISP started out as an European forum, but now welcomes any scientist working on ice shelves and related issues.
	gfi107.gfi.uib.no /forskning/frisp/middle.html

	Melting and freezing beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf, Antarctica
		We use remote-sensing data sets to evaluate the spatial distribution of melt beneath the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS).
		Our results suggest most grounding-line melt is refrozen, while the dominant Ice Shelf Water (ISW) source is melting near the ice shelf front, probably associated with tidal action.
		This suggests that changes in ice shelf extent can impact ISW production rates in the Weddell Sea.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2003/2003GL016941.shtml

	Weddell Sea. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001
		The vast Ronne and Filchner ice shelves are at the head of the sea.
		Named for James Weddell, a British navigator who claimed to have discovered the sea in 1823, it was investigated by the Scottish explorer William Bruce from 1902 to 1904.
	www.bartleby.com /65/we/WeddellS.html

	Seasonal ventilation of the cavity beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf simulated with an isopycnic coordinate ocean model
		The ocean cavity beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf is observed to respond to the seasonal cycle of water mass production on the continental shelf of the southern Weddell Sea.
		Seasonal ventilation of the cavity beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf simulated with an isopycnic coordinate ocean model
		Beneath the ice shelf the arrival of the wintertime inflow at the instrumented sites is accompanied by a rapid warming, while the slower decline in the inflow leads to a more gradual cooling.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2004/2001JC001086.shtml

	Tides on Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf from ERS radar altimetry
		We use harmonic analysis of 8 years of ERS satellite radar altimeter (RA) data at orbital crossovers to retrieve complex amplitude (amplitude and phase) coefficients for several major tidal harmonics over the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf (FRIS), Antarctica.
		Our study demonstrates the value of ERS RA data in Antarctic ice shelf tide modeling, and the potential for future altimeter satellites with high polar orbits to contribute to the definition of global tide height variations.
		In both regions the differences can be attributed to incorrect specification of the grounding line location in the model.
	www.agu.org /pubs/crossref/2002/2001GL014175.shtml

	ICET
		DOAKE C.S.M. FILCHNER RONNE ICE SHELF PROGR.,REPORT N�6:ALFRED WEGENER INST.FOR POLAR and MARINE RES.,BREMERHAVEN,FRG,6P
		ECKSTALLER A.,MILLER H. FILCHNER RONNE ICE SHELF PROGRAMME,REPORT N�2,ED.: H.KOHNEN,WEGENER POLAR and MARINE RES.,BREMERSHAVEN,PP 58-59
		DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS OF HARMONIC ANALYSIS / Practical separation of direct and indirect effects / Oceanic Tides / Regional cotidal maps / Ice shelves
	www.ksb.be /ICET/icetdb/5_152_72.html

	Influence of Tidal Forcing on Modelled Circulation and Melting Beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
		Influence of Tidal Forcing on Modelled Circulation and Melting Beneath Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf
		U.K. As a marine-based ice sheet, the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) is influenced, if not controlled, by the oceanographic regime within which it stands � the Weddell, Ross, Amundsen, and
		� The last decade, coinciding with the existence of the WAIS Initiative, has seen a particularly large increase in our knowledge about this unique oceanographic regime � the only seas in the world where approximately half of the coastline consists of floating glacier, features referred to as ice shelves.
	igloo.gsfc.nasa.gov /wais/abstracts/holland.htm

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