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Topic: Filippo Brunelleschi

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	Architecture of Italy - Great Buildings Online
		Ospedale Degli Innocenti, by Filippo Brunelleschi, at Florence, Italy, 1424 to 1445.
		Pazzi Chapel, by Filippo Brunelleschi, at Florence, Italy, 1429 to 1461.
		Maria degli Angeli, by Filippo Brunelleschi, at Florence, Italy, 1434 to 1437.
	www.greatbuildings.com /places/italy.html (1193 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi e le opere d'arte a Firenze
		Filippo Brunelleschi (Firenze, 1377 - 1446) fu architetto e scultore.
		Brunelleschi, piuttosto che affidarsi al metodo romano della costruzione a calotta, o a quello medievale delle centine, decise di non fare armature, si basò su dei calcoli, sistema che in seguito, usò anche Michelangelo.
		Brunelleschi fece anche alcuni viaggi a Roma dove studiò i monumenti antichi: da questi studi "rintracciò" le leggi matematiche che li regolavano.
	www.firenze-online.com /artisti-toscani/filippo-brunelleschi.php (1681 words)

	ArtandCulture Artist: Filippo Brunelleschi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Brunelleschi believed the secret to good architecture lay in creating "the right proportions." The most revolutionary of the Florentine architects, he transformed the face of the Medieval town with the harmonious, bold, and refreshing structures of the early Renaissance.
		Brunelleschi’s invention married art and science and yielded incredible results wherever it was applied.
		Brunelleschi guided architecture beyond the narrow streets of the cramped Medieval town and into the crisp and sophisticated light of the Renaissance.
	www.artandculture.com /cgi-bin/WebObjects/ACLive.woa/wa/artist?wosid=NO&id=1309 (674 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi, cupola of the Florence Dome
		Filippo Brunelleschi (Florence 1377-1446) was an architect and sculptor.
		For the Dome Brunelleschi (often) went to Rome where he studied the ancient monuments : from these studies he " traced " the mathematical rules that regulated them.
		Brunelleschi is still considered today the initiator of a new era, the one who has opened a new dimension of space: perspective.
	en.firenze-online.com /tuscany-artists/filippo-brunelleschi.php (295 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi Summary
		Brunelleschi was born in Florence, the son of an eminent notary.
		Brunelleschi was a sculptor in a Florentine workshop and was a member of the goldsmiths' guild.
		Brunelleschi's ribbed hemispherical dome is expressed on the exterior as a low tiled flattened conical roof on a low plain drum with small oculus windows.
	www.bookrags.com /Filippo_Brunelleschi (1988 words)

	Brunelleschi biography
		Filippo Brunelleschi's father was Brunellesco Di Lippo who was a notary, that is a public official, in Florence while Filippo's mother was Giuliana Spini who was related to both the Spini and Aldobrandini families.
		Brunelleschi was one of seven artists who entered the competition but despite the high quality of his work he did not win.
		Brunelleschi used mathematical modules and geometric formulas for the plan and elevation of the Pazzi Chapel, as he had in San Lorenzo, but he arranged the space in a more complex and sophisticated manner in the later building.
	www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk /Biographies/Brunelleschi.html (1662 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi - Biography and Gallery of Art
		Filippo then removed the piece of wood at the base of the model and showed the ascent in a pillar in the form in which it exists today, of a vaulted cylinder, and on one side a channel with bronze rings, where, by placing one foot after another, one may ascend to the top.
		Filippo's model being lost, her Excellency caused another to be made by Bartolommeo Ammannati, an excellent sculptor and architect, and the work was carried on in accordance with that, and a great part of the courtyard has been made of rustic work, like the exterior.
		Filippo was witty in his conversation and acute in repartee, as for instance in the case of Lorenzo Ghiberti, who had bought a property at Monte Morcllo called Lepriano, on which he spent twice as much as he derived from it, and finally sold it in disgust.
	www.artist-biography.info /artist/filippo_brunelleschi (14292 words)

	Brunelleschi: 1377-1446
		Filippo di Ser Brunellesco, Brunelleschi, was born in Florence, Italy in 1377.
		In 1401 Filippo Brunelleschi was chosen to compete with Ghiberti for the construction of the second door of the church of San Giovanni.
		Brunelleschi was confident in his work and created a beautiful sculpture out of bronze depicting the Sacrifice of Isaac.
	www.thenagain.info /WebChron/westciv/Brunelleschi.html (534 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi
		Filippo quickly became a skilled workman, and perfected himself in the knowledge of sculpture, perspective and geometry.
		Brunelleschi's plan for effecting this by a cupola was approved, but it was not until 1419, and after innumerable disputes, that the work was finally entrusted to him.
		Besides this masterpiece Brunelleschi executed numerous other works, among the most remarkable of which are the Pitti palace at Florence, on the pattern of which are based the Tuscan palaces of the 15th century, the churches of San Lorenzo and Spirito Santo, and the still more elegant Capella del Pazza.
	www.nndb.com /people/675/000084423 (394 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Filippo Brunelleschi, who was considered “a pioneer in Renaissance architectural design” (Stokstad p.
		Filippo’s father had worked on a design for the cathedral in 1367, but Filippo received the commission in 1417.
		Filippo “ devised machinery to hoist building materials as needed nad invented an ingenious system by each portion of the structure reinforced the next one as the dome was built up course, or layer, by course”.
	www.valdosta.edu /~necollin/papers (606 words)

	Student Essay (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Filippo Brunelleschi first began his career in 1401 by competing with Gilberti for the commission of the great bronze doors for the Florence Baptistery.
		Brunelleschi started the construction of the cupola in 1420 and although he spent the rest of his life working on it, he also designed many other monuments at the same time.
		Filippo Brunelleschi is the perfect example of the Renaissance artist and engineer, with his new ideas and skills he started a whole new way of construction and design.
	ntap.k12.ca.us /whs/projects/history/brun.html (581 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi - Great Buildings Online
		Filippo Brunelleschi was born in Florence in 1377.
		Brunelleschi began his architectural career in 1404 when he acted as an advisor for the Santa Maria Novella, but his involvement with the cupola for the Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence marked his first foray as a practicing architect.
		Brunelleschi was the first architect to employ mathematical perspective to redefine Gothic and Romanesque space and to establish new rules of proportioning and symmetry.
	www.greatbuildings.com /architects/Filippo_Brunelleschi.html (272 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi - Part I
		Of the four pieces sculpted by Brunelleschi in his first commission, it is the full length statue of Saint Augustine that would indicate his unique view of the melding of the spiritual and physical work.
		Manetti's Vita is naturally biased toward Brunelleschi, but his claim is strengthened by the fact that the Calimala commanded the Opera judges to issue their decision in writing, and that the entire Guild was required to ratify their choice.
		Brunelleschi's Abraham is not frozen in hesitation, but instead is plunging the knife downward toward his son's breast, determined in the act of sacrifice.
	www3.telus.net /Quattrocento_Florence/brunelleschi1.html (1922 words)

	Medici: Godfathers of the Renaissance . Renaissance . Brunelleschi \| PBS
		Born in Florence in 1377, Brunelleschi, like his peers Ghiberti and Donatello, was apprenticed to a goldsmith, Benincasa Lotti.
		Brunelleschi spent the next 10-years living rough in Rome with his good friend, the sculptor Donatello, studying the ruins of the great city.
		Brunelleschi knew that there was not enough timber in Tuscany to build a scaffold inside the Cathedral, and the recipe for concrete had been lost since the fall of Rome.
	www.pbs.org /empires/medici/renaissance/brunelleschi.html (733 words)

	Famous People of Florence
		Brunelleschi was born in Florence in 1377 and received his early training as an artisan in silver and gold.
		Brunelleschi's style of “wall architecture,” with its flat facades, set the tone for many of the later buildings of the Florentine Renaissance.
		Brunelleschi was also an important innovator in other areas.
	www.aboutflorence.com /florentine-famous-peoples.html (2203 words)

	Brunelleschi's Dome: About Filippo Brunelleschi
		Brunelleschi was initially trained as goldsmith, but in his twenties he took up art and architecture after a three-year trip to Rome.
		Brunelleschi's idea for how to build the dome would revolutionize engineering and construction, and his creation would be the largest dome in the world for nearly half a millennium.
		Brunelleschi kept many of his plans for building the dome secret as it was constructed, because he feared that his rivals would steal his ideas.
	www.obscure.org /~perky/uofr/fall2002/ISYS203U/Duomo_Site/filippo.html (310 words)

	Biography (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In 1418 Brunelleschi received the commission to execute the dome of the unfinished Gothic Cathedral of Florence.
		Brunelleschi made a design feature of the necessary eight ribs of the vault, carrying them over to the exterior of the dome, where they provide the framework for the dome's decorative elements, which also include architectural reliefs, circular windows, and a beautifully proportioned cupola.
		Although he was not a painter, Brunelleschi was a pioneer in perspective; in his treatise on painting Alberti describes how Brunelleschi devised a method for representing objects in depth on a flat surface by means of using a single vanishing point.
	www.wga.hu /bio/b/brunelle/biograph.html (457 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Brunelleschi, Filippo, 1377-1446, first great architect of the Italian Renaissance, a Florentine by birth.
		In the Ospedale degli Innocenti (foundling hospital; 1419-45), Brunelleschi introduced a motif that was widely imitated during the Renaissance—a series of arches supported on columns.
		Brunelleschi's other works include the churches of Santa Maria degli Angeli and Santo Spirito and the Pazzi Chapel, all in Florence.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Brunelle.html (631 words)

	Antonucci - Filippo Brunelleschi (Site not responding. Last check: )
		In the early 15th century, when Filippo Brunelleschi, who was to design the dome of Florence cathedral, painted the two panels that tradition hails as the founding instances of central perspective, optics was still a science concerned with vision.
		Filippo di Ser Brunellesco was not only the exceptional discoverer celebrated by his biographer : a creator and a man of experiment, he broke new ground and explored the fields of image and architecture.
		The concept of project management sheds a new light on the issue of the film set : Filippo Brunelleschi's approach proves that the setting does not depend solely on the set designer, but also on the film director who is, together with the editor, the one who conceives it.
	filippo-brunelleschi.net (683 words)

	Page 1: Brunelleschi's Perspective
		Brunelleschi began his career as an architect, which seems to have led him to his perspective studies.
		The technical difficulties involved in erecting the new dome underscored an important aspect of his talents: he was a daring innovator, with a solid knowledge of mathematics and mechanics.
		By moving the second mirror in and out of the way, Brunelleschi could check whether his painting was indeed an exact copy of the three-dimensional, octagonal building on the two-dimensional surface of his original mirror.
	www.kap.pdx.edu /trow/winter01/perspective (682 words)

	Brunelleschi
		Filippo Brunelleschi, the son of a lawyer, was born in Florence, Italy in 1377.
		Filippo Brunelleschi died on April 16, 1446, at the age of sixty-nine, after many years of contributing to Italian culture.
		Filippo Brunelleschi created the Foundling Hospital, which still stands today, but not as a hospital; the Foundling Hospital is used as an orphanage for children.
	www.yesnet.yk.ca /schools/projects/renaissance/brunelleschi.html (453 words)

	Filippo Brunelleschi
		Brunellesco wanted his son to study laws to become a notary one day, but Filippo liked the art and his great passion took him to study arts.
		Brunelleschi and Ghiberti won the contest but the door was carved by Ghiberti only.
		Brunelleschi began to draw monumental architectures and to study the Classic monuments.
	www.florencedream.com /html/brunelleschi.html (215 words)

	Learn Essays about Filippo Brunelleschi
		Filippo Brunelleschi was best known as an architect who lived during the late 1300’s to the mid 1400’s.
		Filippo Brunelleschi was born in Florence, Italy in 1377 (OConnor & Robertson, 2002).
		Brunelleschi’s innovative use of counterweights and pulleys enabled him to design and build machines, which would be used to lift materials into place on the dome.
	www.learnessays.com /show_essay/115130.html (256 words)

	ItalyGuides.it: The Dome of Brunelleschi - Filippo Brunelleschi's Dome , Florence Italy
		The building of the dome on Florence cathedral, by Filippo Brunelleschi, can be considered one of the Renaissance's main building enterprises.
		The worker's strike is a famous episode: Brunelleschi fired them all on the spot and hired, in their place, ten 'Lombards'.
		Brunelleschi died in 1446 and managed to see his work practically finished, except for some decorations added afterwards.
	www.italyguides.it /us/florence/the_dome_of_brunelleschi.htm (779 words)

	Florence Art Guide - Filippo Brunelleschi
		Brunelleschi probably spent the next three years in Rome studying sculpture and architecture with his friend Donatello.
		He joined the Guild of Goldsmiths in 1401 but his interest in mathematics (he was a friend of Paolo dal Pozzo Toscanelli) and the study of ancient monuments tended to turn his work more and more in the direction of architecture.
		During this period Brunelleschi also worked on the Spedale degli Innocenti (1421-24), the Old Sacristy at San Lorenzo (1428), the reconstruction of San Lorenzo (1423 ca.), the Pazzi Chapel in the Cloisters of Santa Croce (1430), and on the design for Santo Spirito (1436), completely renewing the appearance of the medieval city.
	www.mega.it /eng/egui/pers/fibru.htm (402 words)

	Powell's Books - Brunelleschi's Dome: How a Renaissance Genius Reinvented Architecture by Ross King
		Brunelleschi's Dome hit the bestseller lists of the New York Times, the Boston Globe, and the San Francisco Chronicle shortly after its release in 2000 and Book Sense concurrently named it Nonfiction Book of the Year, making the Canadian-born author who currently resides in England seem like an overnight success to American readers.
		By all accounts, Filippo Brunelleschi, goldsmith and clockmaker, was an unkempt, cantankerous, and suspicious man — even by the generous standards according to which artists were judged in fifteenth-century Florence.
		At first denounced as a madman, Brunelleschi literally reinvented the field of architecture amid plagues, wars, and political feuds to raise seventy million pounds of metal, wood, and marble hundreds of feet in the air.
	www.powells.com /biblio/0142000159 (663 words)

	Untitled Document
		Born in 1377, Filippo Brunelleschi is one of the most renowned architects of the Italian Renaissance period.
		Commenting on the dome for the Santa Maria del Fiore, Brunelleschi states that, "What is necessary is that the cupola should be turned with the curve of a pointed arch and made double, with one vault inside and the other outside so that a man can walk upright between them.
		What Brunelleschi had done was produce an exact image of a three dimensional, not to mention "octoagonal," building onto the two dimensional surface of a mirror.
	itrs.scu.edu /students/winter03/pkieffer/brunelleschi.htm (709 words)

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