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Topic: Film rating systems

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	Motion picture rating system - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Films accessible to the public do not have to be classified by the Media Council but consequently must be labeled as 15 -Approval of the film for admittance of children from the age of 15 – no matter the harmlessness of the film.
		Films rated 7, 11 or 15 may also be seen by children accompanied by a parent or adult guardian if the child has turned 4, 8 or 12 years, respectively.
		NR or Not Rated - Not an MPAA rating.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Film_rating_systems (5033 words)

	film ratings: inadequate replacement for parental decisions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Ratings are decided by a board of 8 to 13 anonymous parents in Encino, California.
		Ratings also may be appealed, and sometimes are changed after only minor alterations that do not seem to fix the problem at all.
		For example, the film American Pie originally was given an NC-17 rating, primarily because of a scene where a male character thrusts his penis into a pie cited as one of the main issues.
	www.goshen.edu /~andrewjh/writings/film.htm (2156 words)

	Arm Rate (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The precise meaning of the "X" and whether it is an official rating or an unofficial labelling varies from country to country.
		When the MPAA film rating system was instituted in 1968 in the U.S., the X-rating was given to a film by the MPAA if submitted to them or, due to its non-trademarked status, it could be self-applied to a film by a distributor who knew beforehand that their film contained content unsuitable for minors.
		A unit rate is a rate that is simplified so it has a denominator of 1.
	www.wwwtln.com /finance/9/arm-rate.html (742 words)

	Understanding the Rating Systems for Movies
		Rating systems can be helpful when trying to choose appropriate movies for your family, but with many different systems in use in Canada, they can also be very confusing.
		The ratings are an average of all the classifications assigned by the provincial film boards.
		In the provinces where the film classification board rating must appear on the video, the rating may be more lenient than the classifications given by both the MPPA and the Canadian Rating System for Home Videos.
	www.media-awareness.ca /english/parents/movies/rating_movies.cfm (507 words)

	FILM-Negative Materials
		Any time film is moved and there is friction the film will obtain a charge and will try to discharge as soon as possible causing a branch like effect on the negative.
		ISO, ASA, DIN are all film speed rating systems used by the manufacturers to indicate a film's relative sensitivity to light.
		It is a relatively new film speed rating system and its numbers are the same as the ASA numbers.
	q-and-z.iwarp.com /unit9film.htm (4003 words)

	Mediascope Issue Briefs - Media Ratings
		Many consumer advocates hail mandatory TV ratings and the V-chip as important steps for parents to rein-in programming that is at times too violent, sexually explicit, coarse in its use of language, and ultimately unsuitable for children's viewing.
		While film rating systems have been in place in many countries for decades, there is currently a trend internationally toward adopting rating systems for other media, such as television, video games, sound recordings, home video and the Internet.
		The Act requires the creation of a rating system for television compatible with "V-chip" blocking technology, and V-chip technology was mandated for all new television sets manufactured after 1998.
	www.mediascope.org /pubs/ibriefs/mr.htm (720 words)

	FilmJudge - Rating Systems
		Film rating is a tricky thing, we have at least three key rating systems, each is used depending on the type and seriousness of the film and the review....
		There are films that are worse than the films at zero, but are none-the-less highly entertaining.
		Films that are very very good, interesting, entertaining and well made, rate as negatives, to -5.
	www.filmjudge.ca /ratingsystem.htm (141 words)

	Film Basics for Digital Photographers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Roll film is wound around a spool and is backed with a separate strip of opaque paper to protect the film from light.
		Heat affects any film badly, so don't leave it where temperatures might be high, such as in the glove compartment of a car on a hot day or near a heater in winter.
		Medium-speed films are also useful if you want to maximize the depth of field by using a small aperture, which is not always feasible with a very slow film.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=174337&seqNum=3 (2255 words)

	Echo Online :: Arts & Entertainment :: Rating systems
		At that point, producers of the film are allowed to see the rating and the reasoning behind it and are given the option of re-editing and resubmitting the movie to the Board for a different rating.
		In addition to the base rating, each show is given a series of codes to correspond to the content that led to that rating: V for violence, L for strong language, D for suggestive dialogue and S for sexuality (a handy checklist for anyone looking for a specific kind of show).
		Spotty enforcement, parental apathy, complicated and competing systems, the "forbidden fruit" lure of adult ratings, the disastrous commercial effect of the most extreme ratings and, in television, the suspicious self-rating system all unite to undermine the systems' effectiveness.
	www.easternecho.com /cgi-bin/story.cgi?7029 (984 words)

	Film Basics for Digital Photographers (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		This chapter discusses negative and positive film and the terms that are used to measure and describe film technology.
		Like fl-and-white films, color films are available in a range of ISO ratings, which is a standard for determining film speed.
		Film with an ISO rating of 50 is twice as sensitive as ISO 25 speed film.
	www.informit.com /articles/article.asp?p=174337&seqNum=3 (563 words)

	Film rating systems -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		The stated purpose of rating films is to allow parents to make informed decisions on their childrens' entertainment.
		Film rating systems assign classifications to films based on their content.
		The guidelines laid out by rating systems is often used by governments and theatre trade groups to restrict the viewing of certain films to patrons above a certain age.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fi/film_rating_systems.htm (317 words)

	Lot 47 Films (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		So the question is, is the rating system a form of censorship through fear of government intervention or is it not censorship but an effective way to educate the public on the content of movies.
		I was once a believer in the system but now see it as a corporation fearful of government censorship, so now has in effect turned around and uses the rating system itself as a form of censorship and fear.
		Some look at the rating system and are ok with it because they are more liberal in their view of what is now socially acceptable.
	www.lot47.com /discus/messages/2/101.html?1004975946 (2202 words)

	Epinions.com - Restrictive Ratings from the BBFC
		Obviously, in this case, the rating is not the 'kiss of death', since fans are unconcerned about the rating, and are more interested in the joy of watching the show.
		At one point in the film, Jack (Di-Caprio) is chained to a pole while the ship is sinking, and the room he's in is swiftly filling with water.
		The one advantage of the restrictive nature of this rating is that the film usually requires fewer cuts to make it acceptable for rating.
	www.epinions.com /content_2059640964 (1025 words)

	FAQ
		There were three innovators in the world of film criticism rating systems, the dude that first used the "starred" rating system, the dude with the "alphabetically-graded" system, and the dude with the "out of ten" system.
		If you reread my rating system's description, you will find the key description to be that it is the "hypothetical number of times I want to watch this movie again", not the actual number of times I reckon I'll see it.
		This is the nub of the conceit of the system.
	www.cinemapprentice.com /faq.htm (3255 words)

	censorship in film (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		An estimated 10 million Catholics signed the pledge, which inspired the Legion to devise a rating system ranging from Class A-I, films that were morally unobjectionable for general patronage, to Class C, films that were condemned, "positively bad." The church had a powerful weapon, which the MPPDA and movie companies soon realized.
		Joseph Burstyn, the film’s distributor appealed to the Supreme Court saying that movie censorship was a violation of the First Amendment and "that the term 'sacrilegious' violated due process because it was vague and provided no guidelines for the scope of administrative authority" (Jowett 264).
		Editing films from an NC-17 rating to an R, and including a small demographic of judges on the rating board, are two examples of censorship.
	www.stolaf.edu /depts/cis/wp/langes/censorship.html (2612 words)

	Energy-Efficiency Economics Terminology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		It represents the steady-state rate of energy output of the equipment divided by the steady-state rate of energy input to the equipment, expressed in consistent units (i.e.
		EER is the steady-state rate of heat energy removal by the equipment in Btu/h divided by the steady-state rate of energy input to the equipment in watts.
		The EER of a given system is always higher than the COP of that system by a factor equal to the number of Btu/h in a watt, or 3.413.
	www.fsec.ucf.edu /bldg/fyh/ratings/e_terms.htm (5457 words)

	ASA, ISO, DIN
		Within limits, "film speed" is an individual value and should be the result of testing with one's own equipment and procedures.
		800 film indicates that the DIN rating is 30.
		The basis for the scale is one in which each element has twice the value of the previous member, i.e., the powers of 2 (1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, etc.) as shown in the ASA Scale.
	www.minoxlab.com /Don_Krehbiel/mpl/dkasa.htm (686 words)

	RE: Intelligent Rating Systems
		How the MPAA arrives at its ratings doesn't seem to be quantifiable, and to my knowledge the MPAA has never published either specifications or justifications anyway.
		However, I think the biggest subscribers to ratings services might actually be document servers, since the extra cost can be passed along to the client as something like a "validated- adult-content-rating surcharge".
		Another approach might be to complain about it in a pop-up and either let the user decide what to do next, or go to the rating authority "out-of-band" and get a copy of their schema so their rating strings don't become a recurring problem.
	lists.w3.org /Archives/Public/www-talk/msg01141.html (786 words)

	Rating Systems, Labels, and Permission Slips (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		Some libraries used popular rating systems to determine which audio and video programs or video games can be checked out to children and young adults.
		From rating systems and CD labels to viewing restrictions and video permission slips, there are an increasing number of guidelines and procedures focused on restricting access to audio and video information.
		Rating systems are used to help people make listening and viewing decisions.
	eduscapes.com /seeds/censor2.html (836 words)

	Province of Manitoba \| Film Classification Board
		Voluntary, the average of ratings submitted by the provincial boards and used by SK, AB, and BC since they don't rate mainstream videos.
		Contains material beyond the boundaries of the PG rating in theme, violence, nudity, sensuality, language or other contents.
		2 MPAA is a voluntary system; ratings or age restrictions are not enforced by law.
	www.gov.mb.ca /chc/mfcb/class4.html (382 words)

	Film Classification in Canada \| Overview
		In Canada, theatrical movie ratings are a provincial and territorial responsibility.
		There are a total of seven provincial film classification boards or offices, many of which use different rating systems and descriptors.
		Negotiations have begun to create a standard film classification system for Canada (with the exception of Quebec).
	www.media-awareness.ca /english/resources/ratings_classification_systems/film_classification/canada_film_classification.cfm (121 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		It is suggested that film speed is the most important single factor in reducing dental radiation exposure but has been given little attention.
		A necessary step in this direction is the application of quantitative film rating systems (of the type used in general radiography) to dental radiography and attention to exposure development factors.
		The dentist was informed of the overexposure, and it was predicted that by dividing his time (1/2 sec) by the radiation exposure (3.5), with full development, he would be able to reduce exposure time from 0.5 to 0.143 sec.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4631764 (440 words)

	FilmJerk.com - News from April 29, 2001
		Lawyers for the movie companies are not going to stand mutely by and allow their clients, all of which are public companies, to be potentially fined for doing what the companies believe are in parents' best interest.
		An FTC report released last year which slammed Hollywood for marketing adult themed films to a younger audience is the cause of this latest furor.
		The Shooting Gallery continues their film series with the Japanese import Eureka, a three hour and thirty seven minute examination of the lives of the only three survivors of a busnapping gone wrong.
	www.filmjerk.com /new/article-print-43.html (886 words)

	Re: Movie/ Film Rating Systems
		What do you expect the paper to have in it?) Information about the rating system, examples of people blaming the media for their child’s violent behavior, and what or who is really to blame.
		Most of the paragraphs seem to be linked by key words: media, violence, children (youth), ratings, movies, etc… 9.
		There is info about the media’s systems of keeping children from seeing things that they shouldn’t (rating systems).
	www.courses.dsu.edu /engl101-1/_disc8/000000cc.htm (457 words)

	Rating - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Rating is a means of classifying things in different categories.
		General rating scales (Thumb Ratings / Star Ratings)
		Excellent / Love It Good / Really Like It Fair / Like It Poor / Don't Like It Horrible / Hate It edit]
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Rating (67 words)

	BBC NEWS \| Entertainment \| TV and Radio \| TV 'may get cinema-style ratings'
		An Ofcom spokeswoman told BBC News Online: "A lot of different labelling systems, such as Five's film ratings, do exist - but we are looking at the possibility of establishing a common framework.
		The BBC has already been looking into a labelling system and says the watershed may not be sufficient in a future broadcast environment.
		A spokesman said: "The BBC has been exploring how extra programme information or some form of labelling system might be developed for its digital content in the future.
	news.bbc.co.uk /1/hi/entertainment/tv_and_radio/3769361.stm (450 words)

	BetterPhoto.com Q&A: Enlargements - Film and Standard Sizes
		Good lighting is required for these films, such as daylight or a couple of strobes should be fine though.
		In regard to ISO64 b&w film, I think there used to be a 64 speed b&w but I don't think any of the main companies make one any more.
		In general use the slowest film possible to achieve the smallest grain and sharpest photos.
	www.betterphoto.com /forms/qnaDetail.asp?threadID=2419 (461 words)

	Dictionary film (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-20)
		, plastic film -- a thin sheet of (usually plastic and usually transparent) material used to wrap or cover things
		, photographic film -- photographic material consisting of a base of celluloid covered with a photographic emulsion; used to make negatives or transparencies
		Film and literature: The case of crime fiction
	www.dictionarydefinition.net /film.html (173 words)

	Patriarchy.org: Family Issues
		Sergeant York was always a favorite film for our family; it even made the Sunday afternoon list of permissible videos to watch on the Lord’s Day, when our family was not involved in other things.
		It made me think of those Christian film rating systems which list films, and have columns for numerical rating of violence, language and sex.
		For instance, if the church scene of a film showed an age-segregated Sunday School class, then it would be rated “10” as pretty bad, but if it showed the congregation worshipping together, it would only be a “1,” and if it showed both, maybe a “7.”
	www.patriarchy.org /family/aunt_bea.html (613 words)

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