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Topic: Filmy ferns

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tree fern

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	FERNS - FERNS - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		Ferns are abundant in all damp situations in New Zealand forests, forming the undergrowth beneath a dense canopy of evergreen trees.
		Ferns may well be regarded as fascinating amphibians of the plant world, for there are two distinct stages in the life cycle of each plant, one of which is dependent on water.
		The fern plant with which we are familiar usually grows on land; it represents the asexual generation – the sporophyte – and bears spores on mature fronds.
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/F/Ferns/en (558 words)

	Fern
		A fern is defined as a vascular plant that reproduces by shedding spore to initiate an alternation of generations, and forms new fronds by circinate vernation.
		Ferns have traditionally been grouped in the class Filices, but some modern classifications assign them their own division in the plant kingdom, which may be known as Pterophyta or Filicophyta.
		Ferns of the genus Azolla, which are very small, floating plants which do not look like ferns, and are called mosquito fern[?], are used as a biological fertilizer in the rice paddies of southeast Asia.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/pt/Pterophyta.html (360 words)

	Ferns
		Ferns have been believed to be the refuge for shy faeries and legend has it that one should not pick ferns or one would gets on bad terms with the fae.
		Ferns are found in all continents except Antarctica and in all but the coldest and driest habitats.
		The spores of the Pendulum Fern (Ophioderma pendula) is known to require a certain kind of fungi to germinate and this fungi is found within the basket-forming leaves of the Stag Horn Fern (Platycerium coronarium) or in the Bird's Nest Fern (Asplenium nidus).
	www.davids.ws /nature/pmus_ferns.html (3283 words)

	Filmy Fern - Search Results - MSN Encarta
		Filmy Fern, common name for a genus of delicate, small ferns.
		Fern, common name for any of a division of cryptogamous (spore-producing) plants.
		Maidenhair Fern, common name for small, delicate ferns, having bipinnate fronds and alternate wedge-shaped pinnules on the thin stalks of the...
	encarta.msn.com /Filmy_Fern.html (141 words)

	The Ferns
		In ferns, as for other pteridophytes, the sporophyte is the dominant generation to the extent that this is the generation recognised as a fern.
		Fern spores are contained in sporangia which are borne on the leaf surface in clusters called sori.
		In many ferns, a crest of dead cells termed the annulus undergoes hygroscopic movements causing the sporangium to break open exposing the spores to air currents.The sporangium breaks open in the region called the stomium.
	scitec.uwichill.edu.bb /bcs/bl14apl/pter2.htm (954 words)

	[No title]
		Ferns vary in height from the diminutive filmy fern of less than an inch to the vast tree ferns of the tropics, reaching a height of sixty feet or more.
		The family or genus of a fern is often determined by the shape of its indusium; e.g., the indusium of the woodsias is star-shaped; of the Dicksonias, cup-shaped; of the aspleniums, linear; of the wood ferns, kidney-shaped, etc.
		The fragile bladder fern, as it is often called, and which the name _frágilis_ suggests, is the earliest to appear in the spring, and the first to disappear, as by the end of July it has discharged its spores and withered away.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/1/3/6/11365/11365-8.txt (18133 words)

	Ferns of the Sierra (1960) “The Story of Ferns,” by Robert J. Rodin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		This new fern plant is part of an alternating cycle that represents the sexual phase of this plant and is a required phase in the reproductive cycle.
		A few ferns are known in the fossil record even before that time although the ferns were not the most ancient vascular plants.
		Ferns related to our Grape Fern, Botrychium, in the Adder’s Tongue Family, Ophioglossaceae, are probably the earliest ferns in history which are related to our living forms.
	www.yosemite.ca.us /library/ferns_of_the_sierra/ferns.html (934 words)

	Fern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		A fern is a vascular plant that differs from the more primitive lycophytes in having true leaves (megaphylls), and from the more advanced seed plants (gymnosperms and angiosperms) in lacking seeds.
		In ferns, it is often referred to as a frond, but this is because of the historical division between people who study ferns and people who study seed plants, rather than because of differences in structure.
		Called mosquito fern, they are used as a biological fertilizer in the rice paddies of southeast Asia, taking advantage of their ability to fix nitrogen from the air into compounds that can then be used by other plants.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fern (1590 words)

	The New and Revised Fern Grower's Manual
		However, with a new focus at the microscopic level on botany in general and pteridology (the study of ferns) in particular, the relationships, the genera, and naming in general was in upheaval.
		There is very useful information about ferns to use for different planting situations, but the general discussion of landscaping would be better suited to a book on landscaping rather than a botanic specialty book of this type.
		For each fern, the book provides the scientific name, a common name (if the fern has one), a classification of the fern's ability to grow within a specific temperature range (from very hardy to very tender), and a description of the fern's in cultivation requirements.
	www.sdfern.com /frngrwer.htm (1443 words)

	Workshop Thumbnail View \| TrekNature
		Filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) are a very distinctive group of plants characterised by thin,almost translucent leaves,which completely dry and shrivel up in dry weather,only to revive and continue growing after fresh rain.
		Unlike most ferns that have sori (spore producing capsules) underneath the fronds,the filmy ferns all have sori situated around the outside margin.
		Filmy ferns are found throughout New Zealand in damp forest habitats from low to high altitudes and even on the Sub-Antarctic Islands.
	www.treknature.com /workshops/32882 (138 words)

	Oaxaca_Journal
		Psilotum, though sometimes called whisk fern, was not really a fern at all, for it had no proper roots or fronds, just an undifferentiated forking green stem, little thicker than a pencil lead.
		My mother and my aunts had acquired their enthusiasm for ferns from their father, my grandfather, who came to London from Russia in the 1850s, when England was still in the throes of pteridomania-the great Victorian fern craze.
		The fern craze was largely over 1870 (not least because it had driven several species to extinction), but my grandfather had kept his Wardian cases till his death, in 1912.
	www.kcrw.com /dialabook/Oaxaca_Journal.htm (2435 words)

	Primitive Plants - True Ferns
		Ferns are one of the most diverse group of living land plants, It's estimated that there are 11,000 species in 300 genera.
		Ferns are typically found in moist forested areas although some hardy species can be found in coastal, urban, and even in desert locations.
		Some aquatic ferns have fronds less then 25 mm, where as tree ferns can grow to 10 meters in height, with fronds as long as 3 meters.
	www.hiddenforest.co.nz /plants/trueferns/trueferns.htm (310 words)

	Selecting and Growing Ferns, Lichens And Mosses
		Many varieties of ferns are appreciated, cultivated and cared for by home gardeners in greenhouses, containers, or in their outdoor and indoor gardens.
		And for those gardeners, pteridophiles (fern lovers), and growers compelled to delve more deeply into the secret life of ferns, the Fern Grower's Manual is required reading and a treasure trove of knowledge.
		Each entry is arranged alphabetically by genus and covers fern structure, foliage size and color, hardiness zones, habitat, methods of fern culture and propagation, and suggestions on gardening with ferns and plant combinations.
	www.sedelmeier.com /shadeplants.htm (1437 words)

	Wikinfo \| Fern
		Fern, or pteridophyte, is any one of a group of some twenty thousand species of plants classified in the Division Pterophyta or Filicophyta.
		A fern is defined as a vascular plant that reproduces by shedding spores to initiate an alternation of generations.
		A group of plants termed ophioglossoids was once considered among the true ferns, but is now regarded as an isolated group (see "fern-allies." These are species formerly grouped in the Family Ophioglossaceae: adders-tongues and grape-ferns.
	www.wikinfo.org /wiki.php?title=fern (474 words)

	FILMY FERNS - Online Information article about FILMY FERNS
		FILMY FERNS - Online Information article about FILMY FERNS
		Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
		group of ferns with delicate much-divided leaves and often See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /FAT_FLA/FILMY_FERNS.html (189 words)

	What's new?
		We have shown with unequivocal support that horsetails and ferns together are the closest relatives to seed plants, which refutes the prevailing view that they are transitional evolutionary grades between bryophytes and seed plants.
		Based on our preliminary interpretations, we can conclude that acceleration in the life cycle of derived leptosporangiate ferns has promoted their diversity and ecological success relative to other groups of plants, in particular, to non-angiospermous seed plants.
		Dr. Jean-Yves DuBuisson, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France, was at The Field Museum in October 1998 to initiate a molecular phylogenetic study of filmy ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) - the largest and most understudied family of the basalmost ferns.
	www.fieldmuseum.org /research_collections/botany/botany_sites/ferns/whatsnew2.html (923 words)

	Filmy ferns - LoveToKnow 1911
		FILMY FERNS, a general name for a group of ferns with delicate much-divided leaves and often moss-like growth, belonging to the genera Hymenophyllum, Todea and Trichomanes.
		They require to be kept in close cases in a cool fernery, and the stones and moss amongst which they are grown must be kept continually moist so that the evaporated water condenses on the very numerous divisions of the leaves.
		This page was last modified 05:41, 3 Sep 2006.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /Filmy_ferns (76 words)

	Amazon.com: "filmy ferns": Key Phrase page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		Cloud forest is characterized by stunted trees with gnarled crowns, by trunks and branches covered with bryophytes and filmy ferns, and by an accumulation of peaty or- ganic matter overlying strongly leached acid and often waterlogged soils.
		In filmy ferns, shoestring ferns, grammitids, and some polypodiums, new prothalli are produced from spindle-shaped or rod-shaped structures (...
		Size Hardy ferns range from tiny aspleniums or filmy ferns, only a centimetre or two high, to giant osmundas, up to 2m (6ft) tall, or tree ferns of almost unlimited...
	www.amazon.com /phrase/filmy-ferns (535 words)

	Kathleen Pryer's Lab
		A molecular phylogeny of the fern family Pteridaceae: assessing overall relationships and the affinities of previously unsampled genera.
		Phylogeny and evolution of ferns (monilophytes) with a focus on the early leptosporangiate divergences.
		Horsetails and ferns are a monophyletic group and the closest living relatives to seed plants.
	www.pryerlab.net /publication (978 words)

	Duke University Herbarium Project on Ferns
		This research aims to infer a comprehensive phylogenetic estimate of relationships among all fern families using an 82 taxon x 8-gene data set, with DNA sequence data spanning all three genomes (chloroplast, nuclear, and mitochondrial).
		We have detected multiple independent cases of drastic switches in rates of evolution among and within major fern lineages, making ferns an ideal group to study the causes and consequences of such evolutionary shifts.
		This research is critically examining phylogenetic rate heterogeneity in chloroplast genes across fern lineages.
	www.biology.duke.edu /herbarium/ferns_hetrates.html (125 words)

	Kew: A year at Kew: Places: Wakehurst Place: Francis Rose Reserve
		The Francis Rose Reserve dedicated to mosses, liverworts, lichens and filmy ferns
		The Francis Rose Reserve is probably the first nature reserve in Europe to be dedicated to mosses, liverworts, lichens and filmy ferns (Cryptogams).
		Francis Rose is a renowned botanist who pioneered the study of these plants and the sandrock outcrops of the Sussex High Weald where they have taken refuge.
	www.rbgkew.org.uk /places/wakehurst/francisrose.html (281 words)

	FERNS - Ferns of the Forest Floor - 1966 Encyclopaedia of New Zealand
		The fronds are thin and delicate and the sporangia are conspicuous; they are borne on receptacles which sometimes project from the margins of the leaves.
		Filmy ferns are found throughout the country; the largest forms and most luxuriant grow in the damp forests.
		The kidney fern, Cardiomanes reniforme, with undivided leaves fringed with prominent sori, is common throughout the country.
	www.teara.govt.nz /1966/F/Ferns/FernsOfTheForestFloor/en (262 words)

	Hawaii National Park (Nature Notes)
		Ferns are among the most interesting plants in the plant world.
		Varieties in Hawaii range from dainty filmy ferns less than one inch in length to stately tree ferns over 40 feet high, and inhabit areas varying from dry, barren lava flows to impenetrable rain jungles.
		Outside of the park, trees such as the koa (Hawaiian mahogany) and the ohia are being cut for lumber, and tree ferns, upon whose trunks orchids are grown, are rapidly being taken for this expanding industry.
	www.cr.nps.gov /history/online_books/hawaii-notes/vol5-1a.htm (530 words)

	Professor PV Madhusoodanan (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-25)
		The filmy ferns are a unique group of plants among pteridophytes characterised by sporangia aggregated on cylindrical receptacles enclosed in characteristically shaped indusia and the one cell thick, delicate lamina lacking stomata.
		This book is the result of extensive field studies done by the authors in the dense and deep evergreen forests of the Western Ghats of Southern India.
		Well-illustrated detailed accounts of 28 South Indian filmy ferns are provided in this book with updated nomenclature (6 new combinations) and ecological notes.
	pvmadhu.tripod.com /pterido.html (152 words)

	The Home Garden: Ferns for the House
		Their freshness, amid winter snow and desolation, is gratifying to the eye, and the richness of their growth well repays the little care and attention which they demand.
		These filmy ferns, that naturally grow in still and very moist places, are, above all others, those most suitable to indoor cultivation, no ventilation, no complication of any kind being necessary.
		Ferns for the House is an adaptation of a small article that appeared in Arthur's Home Magazine in 1868.
	www.missmary.com /emporium/elegancies/gardening/ferns_for_the_house.html (357 words)

	Welcome to customer services
		Whangarei is proud to present a horticultural complex where the public can come and enjoy plants that range from colourful and exotic palms and orchids, bizarre cacti and succulents, fragrant sub-tropical plants, and native ferns and filmy ferns all in one central location.
		The filmy fernhouse has ponds with waterfalls, a display board with the 'Fern of the Month' information and a photo history of the development of the filmy fernhouse.
		This addition was named in honour of Fin Bruce, a local fern enthusiast who continues to give freely of his time and knowledge.
	www.wdc.govt.nz /customerservice/?lc=html&fn=/resources/8466/Conservatory-Fernery.htm (552 words)

	rbcL data reveal two monophyletic groups of filmy ferns (Filicopsida: Hymenophyllaceae) -- Pryer et al. 88 (6): 1118 -- ...
		Iwatsuki K. 1975 Studies in the systematics of filmy ferns I. A note on the identity of Microtrichomanes.
		In A. Jermy, J. Crabbe, and B. Thomas [eds.], The phylogeny and classification of the ferns, 135–144.
		2000 Morphology and anatomy of roots in the filmy fern tribe Trichomaneae H. Schneider (Hymenophyllaceae, Filicatae) and the evolution of rootless taxa.
	www.amjbot.org /cgi/content/full/88/6/1118 (4765 words)

	My Visit to the Haast Rainforest
		About 180 different types of fern flourish here, from delicate, filmy ferns (one cell thick!) hanging from tree trunks, to thirty-foot high tree ferns.
		The starchy roots of the bracken fern are a main part of the diet, but they are also used to prevent sea sickness.
		There are fungi, lichen, and mosses on the forest floor, ferns and leafy shrubs growing in the sub-canopy, and tree tops forming the canopy 60 meters above.
	teacher.scholastic.com /zealand/forest/colin.htm (644 words)

	Terrestrial Ecoregions -- Northland temperate kauri forests (AA0406)
		The second tier includes tree ferns and nikau palms, transitioning into a layer of saplings and shrubs.
		Further down, a tall herb layer consists of large ferns growing over filmy ferns, mosses, liverworts, and orchids.
		Wetas are large, terrestrial insects that may have filled the ecological niches that rodents occupy on larger landmasses.
	www.nationalgeographic.com /wildworld/profiles/terrestrial/aa/aa0406.html (696 words)

	Related WordNet synsets for SUMO concept Fern
		Australasian fern with clusters of sporangia on stems of fertile fronds
		epiphytic ferns of Madagascar to tropical Asia and New Guinea
		a fern of the genus Woodwadia having the sori in chainlike rows
	icosym-nt.cvut.cz /kifb/wordnet/_fern.html (3636 words)

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