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Topic: Filter theory

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	source-filter theory
		For an excellent demonstration and explanation of the basics of source-filter theory, visit this website from which some of these materials were taken.
		First proposed by Johannes Müeller in the 19th century, source-filter theory accounts for the acoustic properties of what are called "voiced" speech sounds (sounds during whose articulation the vocal chords vibrate).
		The first shows the configuration of the vocal tract while articulating the phoneme [i] as in the word "beet," the second the phoneme [a], as in "father," and the third [u] as in "boot." Note how each configuration uniquely affects the acoustic spectrum--i.e., the frequencies that are passed.
	www.columbia.edu /itc/psychology/rmk/T2/sf_theory.html (357 words)

	filter theory - Encyclopedia.com
		See also attenuation theory, cocktail party phenomenon, bottleneck theory, selective attention.
		The role of pressure drop and flow redistribution on modeling mercury control using sorbent injection in baghouse filters.
		Parameter estimation of nonlinear stochastic differential equations: simulated maximum likelihood versus extended Kalman filter and Ito-Taylor expansion.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1O87-filtertheory.html (785 words)

	Audio Filters -- Theory and Practice
		One type of filter is the high-pass (or low-cut) shown schematically in Figure 1, along with the resultant frequency response.
		The low-pass filter, shown in Figure 2, is constructed by transposing the resistor and capacitor.
		Notch filters used for eliminating hum might need a Q as high as 100 if adjacent frequencies are to be left untouched.
	www.ethanwiner.com /filters.html (2685 words)

	FDI Online Design Guide
		To convert a normalized amplitude response curve to a curve representing a filter whose corner frequency is not at one Hertz, multiplying any number on the frequency axis by the intended corner or ripple frequency scales the frequency axis.
		For active filters, the THD is usually specified in dBc (dB relative to the amplitude of the fundamental frequency component) and at a specific frequency and amplitude (ex.
		Since a switched-capacitor filter is a sampling device, it experiences aliasing errors, frequency components near the sampling frequency that must be eliminated to ensure accuracy.
	www.freqdev.com /guide/fullguide.html (8801 words)

	Electrostatic Air Filter Theory of Operation
		The small chips will be attracted to the filter surface and held there due to the charge that developed on the filter as a result of rubbing it.
		This theory was introduced approximately twenty years ago, but was never developed further because of the introduction of powered electronic precipitators which are more effective on particles in the submicron ranges such as cigarette smoke.
		The theory of self-charging electrostatic air filters is still new and will be further developed as research is continued to better understand the various electrical characteristics of these materials and how their effectiveness can be increased.
	www.dustfree.com /theory.htm (238 words)

	Filtering for Vowels (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The supralaryngeal vocal tract can be characterized by a filter function, which specifies (for each frequency) the relative amount of energy that is passed through the filter and out the mouth.
		The peaks in the filter function of the vocal tract are resonances of the vocal tract when it is in a particular configuration, and are referred to as
		The output energy (at the mouth) for a given frequency is equal to the amplitude the source harmonic, mutiplied by the magnitude of the filter function for that the frequency.
	www.ling.yale.edu:16080 /ling120/Source_Filter/SFb.html (275 words)

	Filter Forge - Terms of Use
		Filter Forge assumes no liability for any computer virus or other similar software code that is downloaded to your computer from the Website or in connection with any services or products offered through the Website.
		Filter Forge provides such links only for the convenience of the users of this Website, and the inclusion of any link to any such websites does not imply endorsement by Filter Forge of the content of such websites.
		Filter Forge shall be free to disclose and use such Feedback as it sees fit, entirely without obligation of any kind to you.
	www.filterforge.com /termsofuse.html (2166 words)

	Color Wheel Pro: Color Theory Basics
		According to color theory, harmonious color combinations use any two colors opposite each other on the color wheel, any three colors equally spaced around the color wheel forming a triangle, or any four colors forming a rectangle (actually, two pairs of colors opposite each other).
		Color theory analyzes only the relationships of pure colors; it does not take color lightness and saturation into account.
		The current form of color theory was developed by Johannes Itten, a Swiss color and art theorist who was teaching at the School of Applied Arts in Weimar, Germany.
	www.color-wheel-pro.com /color-theory-basics.html (712 words)

	smtp
		(def-constant limited%smtp%connections "lambda(senders,receivers:sets[addresses], forall(s_1:states,s_2:filtered%states,f:[nn -> nn], a_1,a_2:addresses,p_1,p_2:ports, smtp%connection(s_1,s_2,f,a_1,a_2,p_1,p_2) and senders subseteq internal and receivers subseteq internal implies (a_1 in external implies a_2 in receivers) and (a_2 in external implies a_1 in senders)))" (theory single-filter-theory))
		(def-constant smtp%filter%specification "lambda(senders,receivers:sets[addresses], forall(d:datagrams,b:directions,s:filtered%states, if(smtp%filter%condition%1(d,b,senders,receivers), filter(d,b,s), smtp%filter%condition%2(d,b,senders,receivers), filter(d,b,s), smtp%filter%condition%3(d,b,senders,receivers), filter(d,b,s), smtp%filter%condition%4(d,b,senders,receivers), filter(d,b,s), not(filter(d,b,s)))))" (theory single-filter-theory))
		(def-theorem smtp-filter-correctness-3 "forall(senders,receivers:sets[addresses], smtp%filter%specification(senders,receivers) and receivers subseteq internal implies limited%externally%initiated%tcp%connections(receivers))" (theory single-filter-theory) (proof (unfold-defined-constants direct-and-antecedent-inference-strategy (instantiate-universal-antecedent "with(p:prop, forall(d:datagrams,b:directions,s:filtered%states,p));" ("d" "inbound" "s")) (incorporate-antecedent "with(p:prop,if(p, p, p));") simplify (unfold-single-defined-constant-globally smtp%filter%condition%1) (unfold-single-defined-constant-globally smtp%filter%condition%2) (unfold-single-defined-constant-globally smtp%filter%condition%3) (unfold-single-defined-constant-globally smtp%filter%condition%4) (unfold-single-defined-constant-globally filter%condition) direct-and-antecedent-inference-strategy (weaken (9 7 5 4 3 2 0)) (incorporate-antecedent "with(d:datagrams,receivers:sets[addresses], destination%address(d) in internal diff receivers);") simplify-insistently)))
	imps.mcmaster.ca /theories/networks/smtp.html (225 words)

	Source-filter theory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		When these cartilages and muscles are positioned with just the right positions and tensions, air passing from the windpipe will cause some of the laryngeal tissues to vibrate in the breeze.
		Thus, the gestures leave their "signatures" in the sound that escapes the mouth, corresponding to the changing resonances of the vocal tract.
		There is nothing "magic" about the biological tissue used for filtering in the case of speech.
	sapir.ling.yale.edu /ling165/Source_Filter/SFa.html (386 words)

	theory
		The output of each of these filters is then passed through another op amp which acts as a buffer between the filter and your main amp.
		Note that the 'filter block' after these points is identical to the one preceeding them.
		Cascading these (or any buffered) identical filters does not change the center (cut-off) freq, but it DOES change the Q. Multiply the Q of the first section by the Q of the second.
	ldsg.snippets.org /FILTERS/Pomann/theory.htm (2420 words)

	Google Sandbox Effect Filter. Theory & Explanation Article
		One theory concerning the Google Sandbox is that it effectively extends the normal backlink ageing process, meaning that acquired backlinks offer reduced benefit for an extended period of time until the trustworthiness of the new website has been established by Google.
		The effect of the Sandbox filter is to reduce the ranking of some new web domains, making it very difficult for them to compete in the Google search engine results (SERPS) even for remotely competitive keywords for periods of up to 12 months (maximum).
		The Google Sandbox filter is like a probationary period for a website which typically lasts up to 12 months.
	www.ksl-consulting.co.uk /google_sandbox_filter.html (1214 words)

	Sequential Monte Carlo methods in filter theory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The particle filter is seen to cover a number of independently proposed, but related, filters, dating back to the SIR filter of Gordon, Salmond and Smith (1993).
		All these particle filters approach the filtering problem from a sampling perspective, with the aim being to generate a random sample from the true posterior distribution.
		It is also shown that the application of the particle filter to certain types of problems naturally leads to a filter similar to, but more efficient than, the random sampling algorithm of Akashi and Kumamoto (1977).
	www.stats.ox.ac.uk /~fhead/thesis_abstract.html (349 words)

	Linear Kalman Filter Theory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		The Kalman Filter uses the assumptions that process and measurement may be inaccurate due to Gaussian distributions of noise to iteratively create a Least Squares Estimate of the true state from the states previously encountered.
		The filter tends to function better with a rising signal to noise ratio and is easily applied to a multitude of dynamic systems due to its flexibility and ease of implementation.
		The purpose of these gains is the compensate for the errors that are introduced in the dynamic process, using the previous state estimate and measurement.
	www.andrew.cmu.edu /user/nsg/linear_theory.htm (424 words)

	An Extension of Pulse Shaping Filter Theory (Site not responding. Last check: )
		However, permission to reprint/republish this material for advertising or promotional purposes or for creating new collective works for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or to reuse any copyrighted component of this work in other works must be obtained from the IEEE.
		A Nyquist 1 filter in closed form is proved to be ISI-free with or without matched filtering when its complex transfer function is derived from an initially given Nyquist 1 filter.
		X.-G. Xia, "A family of pulse-shaping filters with ISI-free matched and unmatched filter properties," IEEE Trans.
	www.comsoc.org /comm/private/1999/may/645_47comm05-kisel.html (155 words)

	Energy Citations Database (ECD) - Energy and Energy-Related Bibliographic Citations
		This paper considers the construction of a linear smoothing filter for estimation of the forced part of a change in a climatological field such as the surface temperature.
		The filter is optimal in the sense that it suppresses the natural variability or{open_quotes}noise{close_quotes} relative to the forced part or{open_quotes}signal{close_quotes} to the maximum extent possible.
		The optimal filter does not depend on the strength of the assumed waveform used in its construction.
	www.osti.gov /energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=86324 (384 words)

	The Kalman Filter
		Here at UNC we are using an Kalman filters and related estimators to track users' heads and limbs in virtual environments.
		The kalman filter has been used extensively for data fusion in navigation, but Joost van Lawick shows an example of scene modeling with an extended Kalman filter.
		For example, he is investigating the use of filters (including the Kalman filter) on short non-stationary econometric data sequences to extract such components as the trends and seasonal fluctuations.
	www.cs.unc.edu /~welch/kalman (1454 words)

	SEO Theory - SEO Theory and Analysis Blog
		You don’t have to be deep into SEO theory and fl hat SEO, etc. Just have a basic understanding of the way people in the SEO community do their thing.
		If there is no tag either the site is using a cheesy template (like SEO Theory does — and I appreciate all helpful hints but please don’t tell me there is a plug-in — I leave this blog plain and ugly for a reason) or else someone didn’t know the value of using meta descriptions.
		Web directory design theory owes something to that 1961 study, even if the connection was only accidental and intuitive.
	seo-theory.com /wordpress (7436 words)

	Adaptive IIR Filter Theory (ResearchIndex)
		If permission is granted to reproduce information from this report, then a full reference to the report title, author and date of publication must be made.
		44 Adaptive IIR Filtering (context) - Shynk - 1989
		21 An Adaptive Recursive LMS Filter (context) - Feintuch - 1976
	citeseer.ist.psu.edu /50558.html (248 words)

	Adaptive Filter Theory (4th Edition) by Prentice Hall
		I was introduced to this text in a graduate course.
		This text is heavily geared towards understanding the theory behind the design...
		Particularly, this book 'Adaptive Filter Theory', in my opinion, is one of the bestbooks on this subject.
	www.negative-procreative.biz /stuff-0130901261.html (1044 words)

	Advanced Kalman Filter Theory and Practice: Training Course
		This intensive course is designed for engineers and scientists who need to deepen their understanding of the mathematical foundations of Kalman filtering and learn new practical techniques to build and maintain real world Kalman filters.
		To increase your understanding of Kalman filter theory and provide hands-on experience in solving practical problems associated with the design and construction of Kalman filters.
		Also, a brief introduction to Hilbert Space theory will be provided, since optimal estimation techniques such as the Kalman filter can be briefly characterized a orthogonal projection in Hilbert space.
	www.csz.com /kalman/details.htm (777 words)

	Cosmic Variance
		Some aspects of this structure are discussed, both in the context of scattering of perturbations about a flat background, and in the context of cosmology.
		Part of the problem in reconciling gravity with quantum mechanics is “technical” — GR is not renormalizable, by the lights of ordinary quantum field theory.
		The Big Bang theory of the origin of our universe is widely accepted by the physics community.
	cosmicvariance.com (2777 words)

	My Google Filter Theory :: SearchGuild.com
		The reason stemming is dominant in my theory is because it's a big change and it's common for Google to make sure people know about such things.
		In this theory I present these minor problems, not as issues in themselves, but as evidence that work has likely been done and not very well done at that.
		What is beyond doubt from my research on this theory is that Google is indeed using stemming, it is poorly implemented, and it can degrade results by trying to second guess what we want (as in the quit smoke example).
	www.searchguild.com /tpage4713-0.html (1927 words)

	AbeBooks: Search Results - Buttkus and Spectral Analysis And Filter Theory
		This book gives a comprehensive picture of the present stage of development of spectral analysis and filter theory in geophysics.
		The principles and theories behind classical and modern methods are described and the effectiveness of these methods is assessed; selected examples of their practical application in geophysics are discussed.
		The modern methods include, for example, spectral analysis by fitting random models to the data, the maximum-entropy and maximum-likelihood spectral analysis procedures, the Wiener and Kalman filters, homomorphic deconvolution, and adaptive procedures for non-stationary processes.
	www.abebooks.co.uk /search/sortby/3/an/Buttkus+/tn/+Spectral+Analysis+And+Filter+Theory (924 words)

	[No title]
		Various adaptive filter theory and its application to communications and signal processing.
		Theory and implementation of scalar and vector quantization.
		Topics on Bayes decision theory, parametric and nonparametric techniques, clustering techniques, formal languages, parsing algorithms and graph matching algorithms are covered.
	www.paichai.ac.kr /~graduate/curriculum/e21.htm (970 words)

	Filter Theory
		We make some choices through a series of selection filters.
		Be aware of the social, values and trait stages and be ready to match the other person at each stage.
		If someone fits all of your criteria all of the time, check whether they are like this with other people.
	www.changingminds.org /explanations/theories/filter_theory.htm (142 words)

	Sandbox theory, Google sandbox effect, what is sandboxing, sandboxed theory
		The Sandbox theory, or Sandbox effect as it has become known in the SEO world, is a dampening filter that is applied to new websites.
		Although the Google sandbox effect is merely a theory, it is a theory that 75% of webmasters and search engine optimization professionals believe is a filter in the Google algorithm.
		The effect of the Sandbox filter will reduce in time and in the meantime, you should be working on your website to ensure that when you are out of the sandbox, your website is optimised and ready to feature high in the SERPs.
	www.kenkai.com /google-sandbox-theory-effect-filter.htm (528 words)

	The MathWorks - MATLAB & Simulink Based Books - Adaptive Filter Theory, 4e
		This book covers both the mathematical theory behind various linear adaptive filters and the elements of supervised multilayer perceptrons.
		Topics covered include stochastic processes, Wiener filters, linear prediction, least-mean-square adaptive filters, finite-precision effects, and blind deconvolution.
		New features ot this fourth-edition text include in-depth treatment of adaptive filters, major revision of the supplemental MATLAB M-files, expanded treatment of normalized LMS filters, and introduction of sub-band adaptive filters.
	www.mathworks.com /support/books/book2632.html?category=11&language=1 (109 words)

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