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Topic: Financial cryptography

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Automatic teller machine

	Financial cryptography - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Financial cryptography (FC) is the use of cryptography in applications in which financial loss could result from subversion of the message system.
		Financial cryptography is distinguished from traditional cryptography in that for most of recorded history, cryptography has been used almost entirely for military and diplomatic purposes.
		Financial cryptography is to some extent organized around the annual meeting of the International Financial Cryptography Association Financial Cryptography, which is held each year in a different location.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Financial_cryptography (403 words)

	"The Uses and Limits of Financial Cryptography: A Law Professor's Perspective"
		Strong cryptography is liberating precisely because it empowers the individual to protect his or her personal information, even in the face of determined government attack.
		For Alice's financial transactions, she might be delighted to turn the problems of key management over to the "bank" or to whatever institution is handling her financial transactions.
		Cryptography should also be deployed widely to assure the security of information in databases, e.g., to prevent employees from unauthorized snooping in the files.The situation is more complicated when it comes to the use of cryptography to protect anonymity.
	www.peterswire.net /pscrypto.html (12082 words)

	FC'04 : Financial Cryptography 2004 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Financial Cryptography is the premier international forum for education, exploration, and debate at the heart of one theme: Money and trust in the digital world.
		Dedicated to the relationship between cryptography and data security and cutting-edge financial and payment technologies and trends, the conference brings together top data-security specialists and scientists with economists, bankers, implementers, and policy makers.
		Financial Cryptography 2004 will take place at Holiday Inn Beachside, Key West, USA, from February 9th to February 12th, 2004.
	www.ifca.ai /fc04 (148 words)

	Financial privacy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This issue however is mixed with the issue of financial institutions sharing information within themselves, which could be considered "sharing information between companies" since a financial institution is not allowed to be one company for regulatory reasons, but instead must assume a holding company structure.
		Financial services companies, those that offer both banking, insurance, and investment products however say that the issue and attempted legislation on the topic was brought on by smaller financial institutions who simply focused on one type of product or business.
		Some critics of financial institutions agreed with this analysis but continued to press for the legislation because they believed that the financial services integrated business model was fundamentally wrong; however the vast majority of critical articles focused on the issue of selling information to outside telemarketers.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Financial_privacy (466 words)

	Financial Cryptography in 7 Layers
		Abstract: Financial Cryptography is substantially complex, requiring skills drawn from diverse and incompatible, or at least, unfriendly, disciplines.
		Financial Cryptography appears to be a science, or perhaps an art, that sits at the intersection of many previously unrelated disciplines:
		Accounting concepts permit builders of Financial Cryptography systems to build complex systems that guarantee not to lose value as long as everyone follows the rules; and to efficiently identify where the rules are not followed.
	iang.org /papers/fc7.html (6265 words)

	Applied Cryptography for Magnetic Stripe cards
		Because of the security implications of card cryptography, it is extremely hard to find information in any form explaining this application, which adds to the somewhat unnecessary shroud of mystery surrounding the topic.
		The most commonly known use of cryptography is in the provision of a Personal Identification Number, or PIN, to allow a magnetic stripe card to be used in unattended environments such as ATM's, or in other situations where traditional signature checking is inappropriate.
		Other uses of cryptography do not directly relate to the card, they generally relate to the encryption of PIN's and messages whilst being transmitted in a financial environment to prevent their disclosure or alteration.
	www.amarshall.com /crypt101.html (3058 words)

	From Capabilities To Financial Instruments
		The creation of cryptographic protocols for securely trading a variety of financial instruments is familiar in the financial cryptography world, but without the separation of concerns and easy composability shown.
		Financial cryptography is a broad field encompassing a wide range of more specialized problem areas: cryptosystems, transactional protocols, user interface design, interface with existing financial and legal institutions, accounting, interface with legacy systems, creation of innovative financial instruments and institutions, the list is endless.
		This is especially troublesome in the development of financial systems where developers must proceed very cautiously due to the enormous potential cost of errors.
	www.erights.org /elib/capability/ode/ode-bearer.html (2866 words)

	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
		Anguilla's status in the financial world (it's an offshore tax haven) made it an appropriate venue for a conference on this topic.
		Financial cryptography is intended to cover all topics related to the security of financial transactions and to digital commerce in general.
		Although security of monetary transactions is an ancient concern, and the use of cryptography for this purpose is not new, the modern study of the area has its roots in the pioneering work of David Chaum in the 1980's on electronic cash, in which cryptographic techniques were developed expressly for payment applications.
	www.arraydev.com /commerce/JIBC/9704-30.htm (6167 words)

	[No title]
		The answer is that cryptography and other technologies can do a fine job at getting data from Point A to Point B while making it difficult or impossible for hackers to read the data.
		My 1999 paper on "Financial Privacy and the Theory of High-Tech Government Surveillance" asks what it would be like if the government had a complete dossier of every purchase you ever made in life.
		L.Q. "The Uses and Limits of Financial Cryptography: A Law Professor's Perspective," chapter in the proceedings of Financial Cryptography '97 (Springer-Verlag, 1997).
	www.peterswire.net /psfinancialpage.htm (1180 words)

	Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce
		The following are abstracts of papers presented at the Financial Cryptography '97 conference held in Anguilla, BWI in February 1997.
		Financial Cryptography '97 was the brainchild of Robert Hettinga, who also founded the Digital Commerce Society of Boston.
		Section 3 described the requirements and the architecture of typical cryptosystems used in the financial cryptography area.
	www.arraydev.com /commerce/jibc/9704-30.htm (6167 words)

	JIBC
		Robert Hettinga is a financial cryptography strategy and policy consultant in Boston.
		He is founder of the First International Conference on Financial Cryptography (FC97), the International Financial Cryptography Association, the Digital Commerce Society of Boston, and the e$ and e$pam mail lists.
		The money launderer is free to concentrate 100% of his time to managing his extensive laundering empire, the hundreds or thousands of shells and webs of accounts and maintains the liquidity to drop 5 million on the notice of a phone call.
	www.arraydev.com /commerce/JIBC/9703-12.htm (1092 words)

	Cryptography - Ecash
		Coin wallets dispense little "coins" cryptographically encoded by the financial institution with serial numbers that establish their validity and distinguish them from one another.
		This is where cryptography comes in, and it's a really interesting problem because the person who owns the encoded data could be the enemy, the one who wants to steal the code and reproduce money endlessly.
		Yacobi proved a theorem in a paper in this year's Financial Cryptography conference on the amount of theft that can be predicted from each type of wallet when only a fraction of the transactions are audited.
	research.microsoft.com /crypto/ecash.asp (1661 words)

	Financial Cryptography 1997 (FC97): General Announcement
		As one of the principals of the conference joked, "We hope that people will treat the conference and the other activities more as a working vacation, rather than, er, vacating work." Conference participants are encouraged to bring their families.
		This is important to the organizers of the conference because most of the other proposed regulations of financial cryptography, particularly those of "token", or "note" based systems, are because they enable cash settlement, even perfectly anonymous cash settlement, of transactions of practically any size.
		In fact, most central bankers and financial crime enforcement professionals who understand the technology also realize this, so, of course, our point is only mildly political, at this stage of the argument, anyway.
	www.imc.org /ietf-pkix/old-archive-93-96/msg00235.html (1460 words)

	Cryptography Research Services
		Protocols Designed and analyzed by the Cryptography Research team are widely used to secure e-mail, web transactions, VPNs, and a variety of other network and Internet applications.
		Cryptography Research has helped secure cellular networks, satellite telecommunications, and systems using frequencies obtained in recent FCC auctions.
		If you would like to discuss how Cryptography Research can help with a project, please contact our services group at services@cryptography.com.
	www.cryptography.com /services/disciplines.html (211 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		To: fc@ifca.ai Subject: Financial Cryptography 2002 Financial Cryptography 2002 March 11-14, 2002 Southhampton, Bermuda Call for Participation Financial Cryptography is the only international conference dedicated to the understanding cryptography and its relevance to all aspects of the world of finance.
		The conference aims to bring together cryptographers, technologists, businesses, bankers, lawyers and policy makers to further the understanding of what can be done with cryptography and what needs to be done for the world of finance.
		Financial Cryptography is organized by the International Financial Cryptography Association (IFCA), a non-profit company dedicated to the same goals as the conference.
	members.tripod.com /your_stinking_id/matt600.html (276 words)

	Technology Review: Cybercash on Vacation
		Bob Hettinga, an organizer of the resulting Financial Cryptography Conference, sounds a bit maudlin when he looks back at that first meeting, which took place in February 1997 on the island of Anguilla: "It was like all the net-dot-gods descended on Anguilla.
		The people who work at actual financial institutions just aren't as interested in financial cryptography as they were in 1997.
		Indeed, the problem for financial cryptography's would-be pioneers is that the old credit card system seems to be good enough for the new online world.
	www.technologyreview.com /articles/05/03/issue/forward_cybercash.asp (962 words)

	Iang - Papers Page
		A document form is described that encompasses the inherent contractual nature of the financial instrument yet copes with the requirements of being an integral part of a payment system.
		Also see the Financial Cryptography Blog my Money Page for the various older reports and links on electronic money, and the new Advances in Financial Cryptography peer-review circle for current thought expressed in working and draft papers.
		All of these papers were prepared and published under the influence of Systemics, a builder of Financial Cryptography tools and applications.
	iang.org /papers (759 words)

	[Mac_crypto] Financial Cryptography: FC05 - Dominica - March 2005
		Main May 21, 2004 FC05 - Dominica - March 2005 FC'05 is announced with a new title "Financial Cryptography and Data Security." Vital statistics are 28th Feb to 3rd March, 2005, in Roseau, Dominica, East Caribbean, and submissions in the Call for Papers are due by 10th September, 2004.
		Submissions must have a visible bearing on financial and commerce security issues, but can be interdisciplinary in nature and need not be exclusively concerned with cryptography or security.
		Contributions must reflect careful thought and effort and provide valuable, up-to-date experience that is relevant to practitioners in the fields of financial cryptography and data security.
	www.vmeng.com /mc/archives/2004-May/000677.html (965 words)

	Financial Cryptography '97 - Anguilla
		The first Financial Cryptography conference, held in late February 1997 in the Caribbean tax haven of Anguilla, proved to be a worthwhile forum for serious work in the field of electronic money; this despite the dubious honour of being rated the top 'deductible junket' in the January '97 issue of Wired magazine.
		The five-day programme of presentations on electronic commerce, e-money and state-of-the-art cryptography was eclectic but concentrated on genuine technical issues and was pleasingly free from the ravings of the extremist privacy lobbyists so ubiquitous on the Internet.
		Several speakers had applied themselves to the development of flexible micropayment systems and the possible trade-offs afforded to their deployment by using statistical sampling techniques in defence from the dangers of double-spending - most transactions are offline but there is sampling based on the assumed risk attached to each transaction.
	online.offshore.com.ai /publicity/fc97-financial-times.html (1792 words)

	e$: In Vino Veritas (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		The other thing which comes to mind with all this is, of course, financial cryptography, which, contrary to the opinion of more than a few on the e-mail lists I'm on, I see as the thin edge of another kind of wedge.
		It is financial cryptography which will kill cryptographic prohibition, and, someday, prohibition of other technologies as well.
		Currently, the relaxation of export controls on cryptography is now merely a cudgel to make us submit to ubiquitous wiretapping, and not for national security, the original purpose of such controls.
	www.shipwright.com /rants/rant_17.html (1299 words)

	5.01: Deductible Junkets
		I like to joke that digital commerce is financial cryptography," says Bob Hettinga, general chair of Financial Cryptography 1997.
		At this first-time event, key members from the financial and technical communities will hack the legal, ethical, and technical aspects of networked transactions with an eye toward resolving the security problems that plague current applications of digital cash.
		The organizers of Financial Cryptography scheduled the conference to end at 12:30 daily, thereby leaving each afternoon for the less cerebral activities offered in the Caribbean.
	www.wired.com /wired/archive/5.01/junkets.html (854 words)

	Financial Cryptography
		Financial Cryptography 2005: Roseau, The Commonwealth of Dominica
		Paul F. Syverson (Ed.): Financial Cryptography, 5th International Conference, FC 2001, Grand Cayman, British West Indies, February 19-22, 2002, Proceedings.
		Yair Frankel (Ed.): Financial Cryptography, 4th International Conference, FC 2000 Anguilla, British West Indies, February 20-24, 2000, Proceedings.
	www.informatik.uni-trier.de /~ley/db/conf/fc/index.html (327 words)

	Financial Cryptography '00 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		FC00, the fourth international conference on financial data security and digital commerce, will be held 21-24 Febuary 2000 in Anguilla, British West Indies.
		The conference is organized by the International Financial Cryptography Association (IFCA).
		The Financial Cryptography conferences are intended for anybody interested in secure digital commerce and related technologies.
	fc00.ai (190 words)

	FC'05 : Financial Cryptography and Data Security 2005 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-09)
		Financial Cryptography and Data Security (FC'05) is the premier international forum for research, advanced development, education, exploration, and debate regarding security in the context of finance and commerce.
		These aspects include a range of technical areas such as: cryptography, payment systems, secure transaction architectures, software systems and tools, user and operator interfaces, fraud prevention, secure IT infrastructure, and analysis methodologies.
		This conference is organized annually by the International Financial Cryptography Association (IFCA).
	fc05.ifca.ai (169 words)

	Financial Cryptography
		Closer to Financial Cryptography -- e-gold is the issuer that refuses to die.
		The significance of that event to financial cryptography is simple: their work is FC work, they just did it without our help.
		The application epitomised by Grameen Bank, financial lending from large western sources to small 3rd world borrowers, is pure FC at its finest.
	www.financialcryptography.com (5645 words)

	Financial Cryptography 2000 Report
		It was noted that the plan adopted prior to the first Financial Cryptography was to alternate between Anguilla and other locations.
		New elections were scheduled for a few days after the FC Conference, and campaigning for the elections was in evidence across the island.
		A model was presented to conceptualize the discipline of financial cryptography.
	www.ieee-security.org /Cipher/ConfReports/2000/CR2000-FC.html (2323 words)

	:: QuoVadis - Constant Protection ::
		QuoVadis is a sponsor of Financial Cryptography 2002, taking place at the Sonesta Beach Resort in Bermuda between March 11th and 14th, 2002.
		Financial Cryptography is the only international conference dedicated to the understanding of cryptography and its relevance to all aspects of the world of finance.
		FC'02 is organized by the International Financial Cryptography Association.
	www.quovadis.bm /corporate/article.asp?newsid=23 (116 words)

	Alessandro Acquisti-The Economics of Privacy-Resources on financial privacy,economics,anonymity
		In Financial Cryptography - FC '03, Springer Verlag, LNCS, 2003.
		Financial Privacy, Consumer Prosperity, and the Public Good: Maintaining the Balance.
		The Uses and Limits of Financial Cryptography: A Law Professor's Perspective.
	www.heinz.cmu.edu /~acquisti/economics-privacy.htm (2423 words)

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