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Topic: Finlands language strife

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	History of Finland
		Following Finland's incorporation into Sweden in the 12th century, Swedish had been the dominant language in administration and education, although Finnish recovered its predominance after a 19th-century resurgence of Finnish Nationalism (also working to ensure Russia of the Finns' loyalty).
		Finland retained the democratic constitution and free economical structure during the Cold War era.
		In 1952, Finland and the other countries of the Nordic Council entered into a passport union, allowing their citizens to cross borders without passports and to apply for jobs and claim social security benefits in the other countries.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/fi/Finland___History.html (1506 words)

	Finland-Swedish: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		From 1600's until 1863 Swedish, not Finnish (Finnish: The official language of Finland; belongs to the Baltic Finnic family of languages), was the main language of jurisdiction and administration in Finland (Finland: Republic in northern Europe; achieved independence from Russia in 1917).
		The Finland-Swedish language is regulated by the "Swedish Department" at the "Research Institute for the Languages of Finland (Research Institute for the Languages of Finland: the research institute for the languages of finland (finnish: kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus,...
		Swedish Assembly of Finland (Swedish Assembly of Finland: the swedish assembly of finland (svenska finlands folkting or folktinget) is a semi-official...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/finland-swedish (2067 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Finland's language strife
		The language strife was one of the major conflicts of Finland's national history and domestic politics.
		After Finland's independence in 1917, relations with Sweden unexpectedly became strained in connection with the Finnish Civil War and the Åland crisis, which further aggravated the language dispute, sharpening it to become a prominent feature of domestic politics during the 1920s and 1930s.
		The language strife thereafter centered on these privileges and on the role of Swedish in universities, particularly regarding the number of professors lecturing and examining in Swedish.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Finland's_language_strife (1438 words)

	Finland-Swedish - Art History Online Reference and Guide
		Until 1863 Swedish, not Finnish, was the language of jurisdiction, administration and higher education in Finland.
		The Finland-Swedish language is regulated by the "Swedish Department" at the "Research Institute for the Languages of Finland" in Finland.
		In the light of repeated losses of importance and influence of Finland-Swedish in Finland, it was natural for the minority to identify Sweden as the mother country capable of intervening against anti-Swedish policies by the government of Finland.
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Finland-Swedish (1189 words)

	Read about Finland-Swedish at WorldVillage Encyclopedia. Research Finland-Swedish and learn about Finland-Swedish here! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Finland being a bilingual country, according to its constitution, means that citizens of the Finland-Swedish minority have the right to communicate with authorities in their mother tongue.
		Estonia, the mandatory education and examination in the 5%-minority's language must be noted as an unusually strong means to support the governmental bilingualism, and is currently (2005) being laxed.
		There exists a widely established tacit agreement on using Finnish as discussion language in a group as soon as at least one of the participating persons begin to use Finnish, even if all or all but one of the group is known to be Swedish or to be in sufficient command of Swedish language.
	encyclopedia.worldvillage.com /s/b/Finland-Swedish (1183 words)

	History of Finland: Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Southern Finland and the long littoral (littoral: The region of the shore of a lake or sea or ocean) of the Bothnian Gulf (Bothnian Gulf: the gulf of bothnia (fin.; pohjanlahti, swedish languagesw.; botniska viken)...
		Finland retained the democratic constitution and free economic structure during the Cold War (Cold War: A state of political conflict using means short of armed warfare) era.
		In 1952, Finland and the countries of the Nordic Council (Nordic Council: the nordic council and the nordic council of ministers is a cooperation forum for the...
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/history_of_finland (8793 words)

	Science Fair Projects - Finland-Swedish
		Finland has since then been a bilingual country with a Swedish-speaking minority (5,55% of total population on 2003), speaking Finland-Swedish, living mostly in the coastal areas of southern, south-western, and western Finland.
		Swedish is the mother tongue for about 265,000 persons in Mainland Finland and 25,000 on Åland, or 5.55% of the total population according to official statistics for 2003 [1].
		In an international context, and compared to the neighbouring countries Sweden, Norway and Estonia, the mandatory education and examination in the 5%-minority's language must be noted as an unusually strong means to support the governmental bilingualism, and is currently (2005) being laxed.
	www.all-science-fair-projects.com /science_fair_projects_encyclopedia/Finland-Swede (1325 words)

	Finnish language information - Search.com
		It is also an official language in Finland and an official minority language in Sweden, in the form of standard Finnish as well as Meänkieli, and in Norway in the form of Kven.
		Finnish is one of two official languages of Finland (the other being Swedish, spoken by a 5% minority) and thus an official language of the European Union.
		Present-day Finland belonged to the kingdom of Sweden from the 12th century and was ceded to Russia in 1809, becoming autonomous.
	domainhelp.search.com /reference/Finnish_language (5807 words)

	Finnish people - Article about Finnish people
		The self-designation of Finland's Swedish-speakers in Swedish is finlandssvenskar ("Finland-Swedes").
		The main division in the population of Finland is the three distinct linguistic groups: the Finnish-speakers (93%), the Swedish-speakers (5%), and the speakers of Sami languages (0.11%).
		Of Finland's 114 cities, 94 are unilingually Finnish speaking, 12 are bilingual with Finnish as the majority language, six are bilingual with Swedish as the majority language and two are unilingually Swedish speaking.
	yawiki.org /proc/Finnish_people (1656 words)

	Business Software Review : Article 'History of Finland' (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Worried by the development in Russia, and Finland, the non-Socialist Senate proposed for the parliament to declare Finland's independence, which was agreed on in the parliament on December 6, 1917.
		Thus Finland was under an obligation to ensure the residents of the ýland Islands a right to maintain the Swedish language, as well as their own culture and local traditions.
		In Finland, CSCE was widely considered as a possibility of reducing the tensions of the Cold War, and a personal triumph for president Kekkonen.
	www.business-software-review.org /DisplayArticleFull42216.html (5758 words)

	Finnish Translation - Translate Finnish Language Translator
		Finland consists of 6 provinces ''(l ni, l nit or l n).'' The province authority is part of the central government's executive branch; a system that hasn't changed drastically since its creation in 1634.
		Finland is a country of thousands of lakes and islands; 187,888 lakes and 179,584 islands to be precise.
		There are two official languages in Finland: Finnish, spoken by 93% of the population, and Swedish, mother tongue for 6% of the population.
	www.translation-services-usa.com /languages/finnish.shtml (1912 words)

	Swedish People's Party (Finland): Encyclopedia topic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The party receives its main electoral support from the Swedish (Swedish: A Scandinavian language that is the official language of Sweden and one of two official languages of Finland) speaking minority, which makes up about 5.6% of Finland's and Åland (Åland: more facts about this subject) 's population.
		The Swedish language enjoys a privileged position as one of the two official language (official language: an official language is something that is given a unique status in the countries, states,...
		The SFP has as its main raison d'être the protection and strengthening of the position of Swedish in Finland (Swedish in Finland: finland-swedish is a variety of swedish languageswedish spoken in finland....
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /reference/swedish_peoples_party_finland (714 words)

	Fondazione Casa di Oriani (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Second, Finland, which was an "unhistoric" nation in the sense that it was not linked to any historically remembered ("Finnish") polity, had gained independence as a by-product of the world war, and consequently its national identity was far from being established.
		A suicidal internal strife in the Communist movement was followed by its dissolution as a political party at the end of the 1980s.
		These two interrelated themes are forcefully affected by the redefinition of Finland's place in Europe, due to the fall of the USSR and the entrance of the country in the European Union.
	www.fondazionecasadioriani.it /modules.php?name=MR&op=body&id=363 (5564 words)

	Finland's language strife at AllExperts
		They fennicized their family names, learned the language, and made a point of using it both in the society and at home, giving their children what they themselves had missed: the Finnish mother tongue.
		Debaters representing a Fennoman point of view sometimes stress that Latin, and not Swedish, was the language of academia, and until the Protestant Reformation was also often the language of state administration; hence the notion of Swedish dominance is misleading for the 14th-15th centuries, and also to some degree for the 16th-17th centuries.
		Hence it may be emphasized that, up to the 16th century, French and Latin were the languages Finnish students most often used for their higher education, and to a large extent later as well.
	en.allexperts.com /e/f/fi/finland's_language_strife.htm (1195 words)

	SCC Forums > Early Imperial Campaign Description Submissions (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Finland was given to USSR and when it attacked 30 November 1939, without declaring war, their goal was the occupation of the whole country.
		Finland had to cede 10% of its territory(including the second biggest city Viipuri/Viborg)most of that land it hadnt lost by fighting.
		Finlands casualties in the war were 90.000 KIA between 39-44, but civilian casualties were rather low, army had done its job.
	www.stratcommandcenter.com /forums/lofiversion/index.php/t14218.html (11064 words)

	Finland Diary (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Finland has a welfare state; all education and medical care are free, pensions are quite generous, and a spirit of egalitarianism appears to be strong.
		In 1980 the population of Finland was 4 700.000, 12.000 foreiginers.
		It was easy to imagine Finland as a land where women make most of the decisions, where they get due recognition for all of their hard work both at home and in the career setting, and where they have access to the same opportunities and salary levels as men.
	blogs.washingtonpost.com /finlanddiary/2005/05/a_young_philoso.html (17754 words)

	Area Handbook Series/ Finland / Bibliography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Finland, Germany, and the Soviet Union, 1940-1941: The Petsamo Dispute.
		Tampere, Finland: Research Institute of the Lutheran Church of Finland, 1977.
		Tampere, Finland: Department of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Tampere, 1981.
	www.country-data.com /frd/cs/finland/fi_bibl.html (9992 words)

	Finnish people information - Search.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		The terms Finns and Finnish people are used both to refer to an ethnic group historically associated with Finland or Fennoscandia and to the present-day citizens or residents of Finland.
		There is one in Söderby, Sweden, with the inscription finlont and one in Gotland, a Swedish island in the Baltic Sea, with the inscription finlandi dating from the 11th century [12].
		In Finland, after centuries of coexistence and intermarriages, the differences between Finnish and Swedish speakers are typically not seen in terms of ethnicity but in differences of culture, language, and geographical region (habitat).
	c10-ss-1-lb.cnet.com /reference/Finnish_people (1579 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Finland / Bibliography
		A Geography of Norden; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
		Geographic Differentials in Infant Mortality in Finland in 1871-1983.
		Tampere, Finland: Department of Sociology and Social Psychology, University of Tampere, 1981.
	lcweb2.loc.gov /frd/cs/finland/fi_bibl.html (10009 words)

	blog.myspace.com/franconia
		And the common English name for the bombing of London during the last war - the Blitz (itself a shortening of Blitzkrieg) - is today both a verb and noun used with great frequency in all contexts.
		Although Noras in heat, her scent is not thought to be able to attract Bruno who at only two years old is too young to reproduce.
		Finlands best bear tracking dog has been brought in, bringing the canine team to six.
	blog.myspace.com /franconia (6200 words)

	De Proverbio - Electronic Journal of International Proverb Studies. Proverbs, Quotations, Sayings, Wellerisms. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Although this was included in the oldest collection of Aesopic fables, it does not often appear in the Renaissance and modern excerptings.
		This is a compilation based on earlier collections not all of which indicate the sources of the proverbs cited.
		European Proverbs in 55 Languages with Equivalents in Arabic, Persian, Sanskrit, Chinese and Japanese
	www.deproverbio.com /DPjournal/DP,2,1,96/TROUBLED_WATERS.html?l=1 (1531 words)

	27 Feb History.
		It may have been because of economic or political strife, or the engineers may have noticed that even then, the tower had begun to sink down into the ground on one side.
		In the face of an assault by a much larger enemy force, the outnumbered Finns are forced in the evening to withdraw to the west bank of the River Nautsijoki.
		Abroad: Finland's Foreign Minister Väinö Tanner is in Stockholm for talks with Swedish Prime Minister P.A. Hansson.
	www.safran-arts.com /42day/history/h4feb/h4feb27.html (9383 words)

	Blacks in Riga? [Archive] - Stormfront White Nationalist Community (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Anyone with even the slightest hint of opposition to the racial decaying of their nation is immediately labeled as a Nazi there.Well Finland joined the Nordic council in the 50's and is still 99+ % white and the same is with Iceland.
		Lucky thing for Sweden was that Finland had so enormous baby boom that there were no jobs for everyone in the 60' and 70's so part of the greater genaration went to Sweden.
		Finland has a problem: couple of years from now workers have to foster huge amount of "grey panthers" who were the result of massive post-war baby-boom, and the children of their own, not to mention about all unemployed persons.
	stormfront.org /archive/t-174449Best_Way/t-141143Blacks_in_Riga?.html (17705 words)

	MLU FORUM - The time has come the walrus said . . . (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Mannerheim was born in Finland 4th June 1867 and as a young man he entered Finnish Military Academy - from where he was expelled for disciplinary reasons.
		The Prussian 27th Rifle Bn was transported to Finland by sea and on 25th February 1918 the Bn was paraded in Vasa joining the Finnish Army.
		Also interesting was that on my many visits to the West Coast of Finland, I could find any number of ethnic Finns who still spoke Swedish as their native language in the home.
	www.mapleleafup.org /forums/showthread.php?s=ebcb162d61db103cb240027fd84ba875&postid=23334 (4074 words)

	27 Feb History.
		It may have been because of economic or political strife, or the engineers may have noticed that even then, the tower had begun to sink down into the ground on one side.
		In the face of an assault by a much larger enemy force, the outnumbered Finns are forced in the evening to withdraw to the west bank of the River Nautsijoki.
		Abroad: Finland's Foreign Minister Väinö Tanner is in Stockholm for talks with Swedish Prime Minister P.A. Hansson.
	h42day.0catch.com /history/h4feb/h4feb27.html (8395 words)

	Imatra: Free Encyclopedia Articles at Questia.com Online Library
		U+012DmU+02C8U+00E4trU+00E4, falls in the Vuoksijoki River, SE Finland, between Lake Saimaa (Finland) and Lake Ladoga (Russia).
		Imatra, Finlands mest beromda fors har bildats dar alven...
		IMATRA im atra, falls in the Vuoksijoki River, SE Finland, between Lake Saimaa (Finland) and Lake Ladoga (Russia).
	www.questia.com /library/encyclopedia/imatra.jsp?l=I&p=1 (873 words)

	Finnish people at AllExperts
		Most Finnish people agree that the cultural differences are rather minute [5].
		The Finnish relations with the nation of Swedes have chiefly been determined by some 450-650 years — in any case from 1363 up to 1808 — of shared history and by what often is considered as disappointing support by the Swedes in the 18th–20th centuries.
		Most of these Sweden-Finns have returned to Finland.[6] The remaining people and their children in Sweden are primarily thought as ethnic Finns, regardless of their citizenship.
	en.allexperts.com /e/f/fi/finnish_people.htm (598 words)

	Library of Congress / Federal Research Division / Country Studies / Area Handbook Series/ Finland / Bibliography
		A Geography of Norden; Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden.
		Geographic Differentials in Infant Mortality in Finland in 1871-1983.
		"Finland After Kekkonen," Current History, 81, No. 478, November 1982, 381-83, 394, 400.
	memory.loc.gov /frd/cs/finland/fi_bibl.html (10009 words)

	strife - OneLook Dictionary Search
		strife : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info]
		Phrases that include strife: aeon of strife, age of strife, cloud strife, ethnic strife in sri lanka, finland's language strife, more...
		Words similar to strife: discord, strifeless, conteck, dissension, more...
	www.onelook.com /?loc=pub&w=strife (220 words)

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