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Topic: Finland Proper

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	Finland Proper biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Finland Proper, Varsinais-Suomi or Egentliga Finland, is a historical province in south western Finland.
		Finland Proper is not to be confused with Mainland Finland.
		Finland Proper is comprised within the boundaries of the administrative province of Western Finland.
	finland-proper.biography.ms (160 words)

	Regions of Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Finland is divided into 20 regions (maakunta/landskap in Finnish/Swedish).
		The regions are governed by, which serve as forums of cooperation for the municipalities of a region.
		¹ The role that the Regional Councils serve on Mainland Finland are on the Åland Islands handled by the autonomous Government of Åland.
	www.bexley.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Regions_of_Finland (166 words)

	Turku - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Turku is the fifth largest city in Finland, with a population of about 175 000, and is located in the south-west of the country at the mouth of the Aura river.
		It is the capital of both the region of Finland Proper and the province of Western Finland.
		After Sweden ceded Finland to Imperial Russia in the Treaty of Hamina in 1809, thus ending the Finnish War, the functions of capital started to be moved away from Turku and into Helsinki, as Emperor Alexander I felt that Turku was too far away from Russia to efficiently serve as capital of the Grand Duchy.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Turku (1692 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Historical Provinces, Maakunta or Landskap, of Finland is a legacy of the country's joint history with Sweden.
		At the funeral of King Gustav Vasa in 1560 the coats of arms for the provinces were displayed togeather for the first time and several of them had been granted for that particular occasion.
		Finland maintains the distinction between Dukal and Countal dignity shown in the coronets for arms of the historical provinces while all the Swedish provinces carry the Swedish style Dukal coronet since 1884.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/h/hi/historical_provinces_of_finland.html (189 words)

	Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Finland is a member of the European Monetary Union (EMU), and adopted euro as its currency with 10 other European countries on January 1, 1999.
		Finland could not, for instance, get its postage stamps accepted for international mail without joining the Universal Postal Union and had to be a state recognised by other states in order to become a member of the Union.
		Finland's accession to the United Nations in 1955 was only the tip of the iceberg of work that the Ministry for Foreign Affairs undertook in various international and regional organisations, including economic cooperation bodies.
	www.datingbonanza.us /country/finland.htm (1613 words)

	Coats of arms — Virtual Finland
		The coats of arms of Finland's modern administrative provinces are in the main derived from those of the historical provinces.
		The present provinces are (from north to south) Lapland, Oulu, Western Finland, Eastern Finland, Southern Finland and the autonomous province of Åland, whose status was not affected by the changes.
		The coat of arms of the Province of Western Finland displays the heraldic symbol of Finland Proper on its right-hand field and the coat of arms of Satakunta on the left-hand field.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/vaakeng.html (2869 words)

	Grand Duchy of Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		An extended Finland Proper was made a titulary Grand Duchy (more correctly, Grand Principality) in 1581, when king John III of Sweden, who as a prince had been royal duke of Finland (1556–1561/1563), extended the list of subsidiary titles to the Kings of Sweden considerably.
		During the Finnish War between Sweden and Russia, the four Estates of occupied Finland were assembled at the Diet of Porvoo on March 29, 1809 to pledge allegiance to Alexander I of Russia.
		The Russian Emperor ruled as the Grand Duke of Finland and was represented in Finland by the Governor-General of Finland.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Grand_Duchy_of_Finland (717 words)

	wikien.info: Main_Page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The Province of Western Finland is a province of Finland.
		It borders to the provinces of Oulu, Eastern Finland and Southern Finland.
		The coat of arms of Western Finland is composed of the arms of Finland Proper, Satakunda and Ostrobothnia.
	www.hostingciamca.com /index.php?title=Western_Finland (230 words)

	Finland History
		Finland's nearly 700-year association with the Kingdom of Sweden is usually said to began in 1154 with the introduction of Christianity by Sweden's King Erik the holy who came escorted by a group of armed men and Bishop Henry to Finland-proper.
		Thus Finland was under an obligation to ensure the residents of the Åland Islands a right to maintain the Swedish language, as well as their own culture and local traditions.
		Finland's foreign relations and reputation were without doubt damaged by the broad support the Lapua Movement initially was shown by Finland's elite, and by the ties between the Movement, the White Guards and Finland's army.
	www.glebbeek-internet.com /engels/history.htm (3701 words)

	PP2C Tribes of Finland
		In the survey, people of all ages all around Finland were asked to tell what they thought were the characteristics of their own tribe, and then to describe the other tribes of Finland.
		Finland has been divided into the east Finnish and west Finnish cultural areas in ethnology and cultural anthropology research.
		In Finland, it is "common knowledge" that the people in the western Finland are more efficient, industrious and active, but also more uptight, reserved with unfamiliar people and more concerned with financial matters and social acceptance.
	www.uta.fi /~ik69939/tribes.html (5843 words)

	Turku Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Located at the mouth of the Aura river in the southwest of the country, it is the capital city of both the region of Finland Proper and the province of Western Finland, as well as being the centre of the country's third largest urban area, with around 300,000 inhabitants.
		The population of the city was around six thousand, and in the 1620s, it became the residence of the Governor-General of Finland, thus affirming its status as the capital of Finland.
		Turku is the central economic hub of southwestern Finland, and the capital of the Turku economic district.
	www.variedtastes.com /encyclopedia/Turku (3193 words)

	A narrative Finnish history (the s.c.nordic FAQ) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Finland's trade with the Vikings have left evidences as rich findings of Arabic silver coins, indicating Finland to have prospered as much as Scandinavia from the eastern trade.
		SW Finland appears to have been allied with central Sweden already in the Viking age, so it has been hypothesized that the campaign was a punitive expedition against an ally that had become unreliable, perhaps because of the influence of Greek Orthodox missionaries.
		On February 15th, 1362, the provinces in Finland can be said to have been officially acknowledged as equal parts of the realm under Swedish crown as the national law now was enforced in all parts of the realm, and Finland was represented at the election of king.
	www.lysator.liu.se /nordic/scn/faq433.html (2418 words)

	Tavastia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Tavastia, Tavastland or Häme, is a historical province in the south of Finland.
		It borders to Finland Proper, Satakunda, Ostrobothnia, Savonia and Nyland.
		It was to be the centre of the three "castle counties", the other two being the castle of Åbo (Turku) in Finland Proper and Viborg (Viipuri) castle in Karelia.
	www.theezine.net /t/tavastia.html (243 words)

	History of Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Until the 12th century, the region known as Finland remained in a political vacuum, with both the Roman Catholic Church from Sweden and the Greek Orthodox Church from Novgorod, i.e.
		In the mid 12th century however the south-west Finland (Finland Proper) was brought under the Swedish dominion and Christian faith.
		Sweden begun to fortify Finland and one of the greatest projects was the founding of Viapori, also known as the Gibraltar of the North, in 1747.
	users.tkk.fi /~juheikki/FINLAND/history.htm (532 words)

	The Ancient Religion of the Finns — Virtual Finland
		The northern area referred to by Tacitus was at that time already inhabited by peoples of various ethnic and historical origin, and it is questionable whether the barbarians of whom he spoke were in fact the forefathers of the present Finns or the Lapps.
		The position of Finland as the most northerly meeting point for eastern and western European cultural influences was already established by the Bronze Age, when the Scandinavians reached the southwest coast of Finland.
		The object of worship proper was not however, the dead person himself but all the dead of each individual family, whose descendants were entrusted with the sacred duty of continuing their work and fulfilling their wishes.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/muinueng.html (3358 words)

	Naantali biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The small city, with a population of 13 500, is located in the province of Finland Proper 15 kilometres to the west of Turku, the province's capital.
		The city's popularity as a tourist venue is highlighted by the fact that the official summer residence of the President of Finland, the Kultaranta estate, is located on Luonnonmaa.
		The seaport of Naantali is the third largest in Finland in terms of goods traffic, and the city is home to a power plant and an oil refinery owned by the government-controlled company Fortum.
	naantali.biography.ms (516 words)

	FAST-FIN-1 (TRENPP2C) Finnish Institutions Papers
		Elsewhere in Finland this non-straightforward communication strategy has been given the paradoxical name, the “directness of the Savolainen." According to a popular view, the Savolainen are rarely to be trusted.
		The reputation for being short-tempered goes back to the 19th century, to a period of some 90 years when a wave of public disturbance, violence, and terror by juvenile delinquents armed with knives swept over Ostrobothnia, and the province was the most violent in the whole of Fi nland.
		Dialect dictionaries are marketed to "interested members of other tribes" in addition to the speakers of the dialect in question; in magazines, musicians, actors and writers are depicted with words that are almost identical to those of the tribal descriptions, even if the word 'tribe' is nowhere to be found in the articles.
	www.uta.fi /FAST/FIN/IDENT/ik-tribe.html (5831 words)

	Baltic Sea, Baltic Sea Information
		The effects of the great influxes of salty water from the North Sea is readily observed as far as the central areas of the Gulf of Finland, when the old water from the central basin, which has been displaced by the influx, is pushed eastward in the near bottom water layer.
		The deep, near bottom water of the Gulf of Finland is strongly tied to the stratification of the water mass.
		The strong stratification of the Gulf of Finland can be disrupted especially when storms mix the water, and also when strong northern winds drive surface water from the Finnish southern and south-eastern coasts out to the open sea.
	www.allthesea.com /Baltic-Sea.html (2183 words)

	Provinces of Sweden - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		The county reform also survived until 1997 in Finland, despite its separation from Sweden in 1809.
		The division of Västerbotten that took place with the cession of Finland caused the new province of Norrbotten to emerge, eventually being recognised as a province in its own right.
		At the funeral of King Gustav Vasa (Gustav I) in 1560 the coats of arms for the provinces were displayed together for the first time, many having been granted for that particular occasion.
	www.pineville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Provinces_of_Sweden (579 words)

	National Coalition Party (Finland)
		The Coalition Party is one of the three biggest parties in Finland, along with the Social Democrats and the Centre Party.
		Although the party is clearly rightist it harbours several different political currents, including social reformism (mainly in the Turku area), conservatism (mainly in northern Finland and Lapland), and liberalism (mainly in Helsinki).
		Lauri Ingman - Prime Minister of Finland 1918-1919 and 1924-1925, Archbishop of Turku 1930-1934
	www.kiwipedia.com /national-coalition-party-of-finland.html (486 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		23 45 55 92 87 52 82 60 67 68 64 23 27 6 Gulf of Bothnia (30-31) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gulf of Finland (32) n.a.
		- - - - - - - - - - - - - - Gulf of Finland (32) n.a.
		" Explanatory note: "Catches of Denmark, West-Germany and Poland correspond to offshore, catches of Finland to offshore and coastal, for Sweden and former Soviet Union to offshore, coastal and river catches.
	www.grida.no /basics/fish/7_2_4.txt (370 words)

	flag of Finland Proper (Finland) flags, Fahnen, Flaggen, FOTW bei Nationalflaggen.de (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		It can be noted, that the arms (and flag) of Finland Proper contain one of the earliest known images of the Swedish flag, blue with a yellow cross.
		The arms of Finland Proper were one of the fields in the arms given to King Gustav I's son John (later to become King John III), when he was given a duchy in Finland [in 1556].
		It is probable, that the use of blue flags with yellow crosses had been used even earlier, because in 1569, King John decided that all Swedish flags used at the peace negociations with the Danes in Knäred should be blue with a yellow cross, becasue they had been like that "as of old".
	www.nationalflaggen.de /flags-of-the-world/flags/fi-v.html (297 words)

	Emerging Ethnonyms, Ethnicity and Archaeology
		The ethnonym was used by Tacitus in 98 A.D. while the geographical designations came in to use during the second part of the first millennium A.D. The use of the prefix "Finn" signals that all of these geographical terms have something in common with the ethnonym when they appear in written sources.
		Finland was part of Sweden until 1809, then lost to the Russians, and newly independent in 1917.
		In the later part of the 14th century the term Finland started to refer to the whole eastern province, as the diocese of Turku/Åbo was established.
	www.cr.nps.gov /seac/wallerstrom/wallerstrom1.htm (4797 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Place names of this sort are very frequent in Finland; there are 575 of them, and the figure will certainly rise when the systematic recording of place names gets well under way.
		On the other hand, they are rare in Finland Proper, in South Karelia, and in the parishes around Lake Pielinen.
		No place names of Lappish Proper, however, have been found in Aland, on the coast of Finland Proper, Uusimaa, or in the eastern parts of Hame.
	lucy.ukc.ac.uk /EthnoAtlas/Hmar/Mar_dir/XMarriage.2327 (407 words)

	Hindersby: History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Finland is really only the southwestern part of modern Finland around the old city Åbo although the name later was extended to the whole "Easternland".
		The Swedish church has problems in Finland and in 1209 there is no bishop in Finland because it is too dangerous.
		In 1284 the son Bengt of the Swedish king Magnus Ladulås is made Duke of Finland (proper) and Tavastia.
	www.tcs.hut.fi /~nhu/Hindersbynet/English.history.html (661 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-06)
		Satakunda (Satakunta) is a historical province in south western Finland.
		It borders to Finland Proper, Tavastia and Ostrobothnia.
		Satakunda is comprised within the boundaries of the administrative province of Western Finland.
	www.online-encyclopedia.info /encyclopedia/s/sa/satakunda.html (138 words)

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