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Topic: Finnish markka

	Bank of Finland - Historical Finnish banknotes and coins
		In this office, he was responsible for Finland's economic policy, and his key achievement was the pegging of the Finnish markka to the silver standard in 1865, which led to the stabilisation of the country's currency.
		The two ploughmen on the obverse of the 100 markka note are reminiscent of the grand fresco 'Ilmarinen ploughing the field of snakes' at the Finnish National Museum, painted by Akseli Gal-len-Kallela.
		Its diameter was traditional 24 mm, ie the same as that of the one markka coin of the period of autonomy and that of the early years of independence.
	www.bof.fi /en/setelit_ja_kolikot/lakkautetut/historialliset_rahat.htm (1886 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Markka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The markka was introduced in 1861 as a quarter of the Russian ruble.
		The Finnish markka is now history, when Finland changed its currency to the euro in 1999 (markka coins and notes were not withdrawn from circulation until 2002).
		The conversion for 1 euro was 5.94573 Markka.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Markka (2009 words)

	Finland - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Republic of Finland ( Swedish : Republiken Finland Finnish : Suomen tasavalta) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west.
		The Finnish landscape is mostly flat with few hills and its highest point, the Haltitunturi at 1,328 m, is found in the extreme north of Lapland.
		There are two official languages in Finland: Finnish, spoken by 92% of the population, and Swedish, mother tongue for 5.5% of the population.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Finland (3365 words)

	Markka. Who is Markka? What is Markka? Where is Markka? Definition of Markka. Meaning of Markka.
		The Markka, or Mark, was the currency used in Finland from 1861 until 2001, when it was replaced by the Euro.
		The conversion for 1 Euro was 5.94573 Markka.
		The Markka was introduced in 1861 as a quarter of the Russian Ruble.
	www.knowledgerush.com /kr/encyclopedia/Markka (220 words)

	Finland - Encyclopedia, History, Geography and Biography
		During the Russian era, the Finnish language started to gain recognition by both the imperial court and the governing bodies, first probably to sever the cultural and emotional ties with Sweden and thereafter, from the 1860s onwards, as a result of a strong nationalist movement, known as the Fennoman movement.
		Strong Finnish sauna culture is one of the remains of the aboriginal Finnish culture.
		Finnish cuisine is a mixture of European, Scandinavian (Denmark, Norway, Finland and Sweden) and Russian elements; table manners are European.
	www.arikah.com /encyclopedia/Finland (8075 words)

	Markka - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The markka or mark was the currency used in Finland from 1861 until January 1, 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (â¬).
		The currency code used for the markka was FIM, and the usual familiar notation was a postfix mk.
		The Finnish markka is now history, when Finland changed its currency to the euro in 1999 (markka coins and notes were not withdrawn from circulation until 2002).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Markka (687 words)

	CalendarHome.com - - Calendar Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Finnish people participated in wars of the Swedish kingdom, and Finnish warriors of Sweden's army became known as Hakkapeliittas.
		The Finnish landscape is mostly flat with few hills and its highest point, the Halti at 1,328 metres, is found in the extreme north of Lapland at the border between Finland and Norway.
		Finnish is an agglutinative language of the Uralic language family, and the subgroup that it belongs to, Baltic-Finnic languages, is isolated between unrelated Indo-European languages (Russian, Swedish, Baltic languages).
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /cgi-bin/encyclopedia.pl?p=Finland (4254 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Finnish markka (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The markka or mark was the currency used in Finland from 1861 until January 1, 1999, when it was replaced by the euro (€;).
		The Republic of Finland (Swedish : Republiken Finland Finnish : Suomen tasavalta) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bordered by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west.
		There are two official languages in Finland: Finnish, spoken by 92% of the population, and Swedish, mother tongue for 5.5% of the population.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Finnish-markka (2029 words)

	Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Finland ceded most of Finnish Karelia, Salla, and Petsamo, which amounted to 10% of its land area, 20% of industrial capacity and 400,000 evacuees, mainly women and children.
		Finnish women became among the first in the world to enjoy full political rights, resulting in 19 elected women in the first modern democratic election.
		Finnish is a member of the Finno-Ugric language family and is typologically an agglutinative language.
	www.tocatch.info /en/Finland.htm (5586 words)

	Sandafayre Stamp Auctions \| Stamp Atlas \| Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Eventually, the Finnish postal service was extended to all the ports round the Gulf of Bothnia.
		The Russian town of Olonetz, close to the Finnish border, was briefly occupied by Finland in 1919.
		Finnish stamps were overprinted and issued on 1 October 1941.
	www.sandafayre.com /atlas/finland.htm (820 words)

	Finland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The Republic of Finland ( Finnish : Suomi, Swedish : Finland) is a Nordic country, bound by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the southeast and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west, bordering Sweden, Norway and Russia (sea border with Estonia).
		Constitutionally, the 200-member, unicameral parliament, the Eduskunta (Finnish) or Riksdag (Swedish), is the supreme authority in Finland.
		There are two official languages in Finland: Finnish, spoken by 93% of the population, and Swedish, mother tongue for 6% of the population.
	www.teachersparadise.com /ency/en/wikipedia/f/fi/finland_1.html (1640 words)

	EUbusiness - Euro brings stability and predictability to Finnish economy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Historically, Finnish monetary policies were hostage to the fortunes of the export sector and, as a result, became unstable with frequent currency devaluations, Juha Ahtola, chief economist with Nordea bank, said.
		From 1982 to 1992, the Finnish markka was devalued four times and revalued once, before being allowed to float freely in the fall of 1992.
		This is why, having made great efforts itself, the Finnish government has turned on some of its fellow euro members, and regularly criticizes countries which it believes lack the fiscal discipline required by Europe's Stability pact, notably France and Germany.
	www.eubusiness.com /imported/2003/03/105420 (635 words)

	From furs to the euro — Virtual Finland
		Since 1999, the Finnish currency has been bound to the euro, and from 1 January 2002 the markka and penni, in circulation, will be replaced by coins and banknotes in euro denominations.
		The value of the markka was defined as a quarter of the rouble, which made it practically identical with the French franc.
		By 1950, the value of the markka equalled a penni of 1914, and this was taken into account when a new series of coins was introduced in 1952.
	virtual.finland.fi /finfo/english/money.html (1718 words)

	directopedia : Directory : Recreation : Birding : Europe : Finland
		The Republic of Finland (Finnish: Suomen tasavalta Swedish: Republiken Finland) is a Nordic country in northeastern Europe, bounded by the Baltic Sea to the southwest, the Gulf of Finland to the south and the Gulf of Bothnia to the west.
		It should be noted that the Finnish political system remained democratic during the Cold War, although the political atmosphere was largely influenced by the neighbouring Soviet Union and a certain degree of self-censorship.
		The Finnish landscape is mostly flat with few hills and its highest point, the Haltitunturi at 1,328 metres (4,357 ft), is found in the extreme north of Lapland.
	www.directopedia.org /directory/Recreation-Birding/Europe-Finland.shtml (3676 words)

	Global Insight // Our Perspective
		The settlement of the paper industry's labor conflict, which crippled Finland's important export sector for nearly seven weeks, was formally approved by the advisory boards of the Finnish Forest Industries Federation and the Finnish Paper Workers' Union on Friday, 1 July.
		During the 1970s, in particular, demand was routinely boosted by devaluing the Finnish markka.
		It is often said that the Finnish economy grows "from the woods", since forests constitute its only significant natural resource and is the basis for its second-most important industrial sector, after the Nokia-led electronics sector.
	www.globalinsight.com /Perspective/PerspectiveDetail2064.htm (856 words)

	Rates - FIM (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Finnish markka page has been deleted due to introduction of the Euro currency.
		Detailed analysis of the Euro exchange rate is available on a separate page.
		Finnish markka exchange rates are still available in the currency converter.
	www.uta.fi /~ktmatu/rate-fim.html (37 words)

	PASSIA: Palestinian Academic Society for the Study of International Affairs - Jerusalem (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Finnish troops have served under the UN flag in the Middle East (Suez, Sinai, Golan, Lebanon).
		Disbursements include markka 1,5 million for the Johan Jorgen Holst Peace Fund; support in kind worth markka 270 000 for the Palestinian Police Force; markka 1 million for Red Cross activities; and markka 7 million to support UNRWA programmes in the region.
		Fathi Arafat, brother of President Arafat, met in Helsinki with the Finnish Minister of Development and officials from the Finnish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and briefed them on the latest developments in the peace process, stressing the need of the Palestinian health sector for aid.
	www.passia.org /seminars/95/s1-37.htm (324 words)

	Nokia - Terms and Conditions of Nokia Stock Option Plan 19
		The Company shall issue in the maximum four thousand seven hundred and fifty (4,750) bonds each with a nominal value of five hundred (500) Finnish markka and carrying two thousand (2,000) warrants, of which five hundred (500) are A-warrants, five hundred (500) are B-warrants, and one thousand (1,000) are C-warrants.
		Pursuant to subscription the share capital of the Company may increase by a maximum of 47,500,000 Finnish markka and the amount of A-shares may increase by a maximum of 9,500,000 shares.
		The share subscription price shall be 307 Finnish markka, which is the trade volume weighted average price of the A-share in the Helsinki Stock Exchange during the five trading days preceding the Shareholders' Meeting.
	www.nokia.com /link?cid=EDITORIAL_4714 (1263 words)

	the GASTROLAB Home Page: Facts of Finland
		The ethnic groups of the Finnish population are the Finns, 94%, the Swedish speaking population 6% and small groups of other ethnic groups, among them the Lapps.
		Finnish and Swedish are the principal languages, both official.
		The Finnish women were the first in Europe to gain the right to vote in national elections, in 1906.
	www.gastrolab.net /c1gfinle.htm (1389 words)

	Introduction of the euro in Finnish companies
		Although Finnish companies are among the most "euro-enthusiastic" in Europe, even Finland is threatened by the prospect of ADP bottlenecks towards the end of the transition period.
		Although the markka will generally be the basic unit of payroll administration accounting, usually for the whole transition period, the central associations of the Finnish labour market agreed in November, 1998 on the ground rules for payroll administration in the event of the introduction of the euro.
		In practice, many companies which still keep the markka as their main invoicing currency are able to operate in euro in business-to-business activities.
	www.ecu-activities.be /documents/publications/publication/1999_3/48_11.htm (2576 words)

	Finnish farmers face severe crop failures
		Helsinki, Sept 17: After a summer of seemingly uninterrupted rain, Finnish farmers have enjoyed a week of dry weather to survey the extent of damage to their crops.
		The agriculture ministry is assessing the crop damage and hundreds of millions of markka of extra funds are expected in the government's supplementary budget in October.
		Hemila said the 55 million markka in the crop damage fund would be inadequate, but that the compensation would amount to hundreds of millions of markka, not billions.
	www.expressindia.com /fe/daily/19980918/26155134.html (1098 words)

	Universitas Helsingiensis 1/02
		Finnish statesmen realised that under such circumstances economic policy was the best way to gain more autonomy.
		In orthodox historiography, the hero of an independent Finnish monetary policy, the Finnish markka, is the philosopher and statesman J.V. Snellman.
		At first the markka was merely a symbolic concession, one mark being worth a quarter of a Russian rouble.
	www.helsinki.fi /lehdet/uh/102a.htm (2134 words)

	The History of the Finnish Markka (1860 – 2002 )
		Senator J.V. Snellman and other pro-Finnish statesmen fed the rulers in St. Petersburg with the ideas that the rouble was too big a unit for a small country like Finland.
		Finland obtained its own monetary unit, the markka, (the mark) in 1860.
		In 1995 Finland became a member of the European Union and also joined the Economic and Monetary Union, EMU and a year later joined the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM).
	www.htk.fi /public/hauhoya/comedia/history/finland.htm (601 words)

	fin
		The principle of the Finnish banks is that one and the same bank account will be expressed according to the wishes of the client, in Markka or Euro currency.
		When Finland joins the monetary union, a Finnish company exporting outside the Euro region will be exposed, as it is nowadays, to currency fluctuations between the export country's currency and the company's internal currency.
		In the Finnish metal and engineering industry the local agreement scheme is being applied on a trial basis also in setting wages.
	www.ecu-activities.be /documents/publications/publication/1997_3/fin.htm (3259 words)

	Introduction to Finnish - Pronunciation
		In = Finnish, a difference in length can make a difference in meaning, as in taka 'back' (prefix) takaa 'from behind' takka 'fireplace' taakka 'burden' Diphthongs Finnish has a large number of diphthongs, i.e.
		As Finnish words are = often lengthy due to suffixation and compounding, the words can have = secondary stresses on later syllables.
		As Finnish words are = often=20 lengthy due to suffixation and compounding, the words can have secondary = stresses on later syllables.
	www.haukkala.com /src/Intro2Finn-Pronunciation.txt (687 words)

	FAO - ACPWP 39th SESSION - STATE OF THE INDUSTRY - FINLAND
		About 6.6 percent or 1.5 million ha of Finnish forests (forests proper and low-yield scrubland, equating roughly with the FAO forest definitions) are protected within statutory conservation areas and confirmed conservation areas.
		The proposal is compatible with Finnish conditions and all the essential stakeholders were represented in the working group.
		Finnish legislation and forestry practices ensure that the principles of sustainable forest management are followed.
	www.fao.org /unfao/bodies/acpwp/acpwp39/industry/cntryrp5.htm (1356 words)

	The Finnish Model M28-30
		Finnish armourers had ground off the rear notch in most cases and attached an “L” shaped plate to the rear of the sight with a “U“ shaped notch which presented a much better sighting picture with the flat topped front sight blade.
		The cost of the new sight system was expensive but the rifle committee decided that the 120 Fmk (Finnish Markka) per Mansner sighst was an acceptable cost in improving the older m/28 rifles.
		When the event had closed it was the Finnish team left standing on the winner’s podium and holding the championship cup.
	www.mosinnagant.net /finland/MosinNagant-M2830rifle-introduction.asp (11376 words)

	Central Europe Review - Finnish News Review
		The Bank of Finland and The Finnish Bankers Association have prepared a plan for the introduction of the EUR (euro).
		A large number of Finnish companies have not prepared at all for the transfer, and IT experts at the Ministry of Finance are now urging them to update their computers for the new currency.
		Finnish European Commissioner Erkki Liikanen said that to create a traditions of independent administrations and an independent systems of law in the new member countries will be the most difficult issue in EU enlargement negotiations.
	www.ce-review.org /00/36/finlandnews36.html (930 words)

	FT.com - Special Reports / Euro
		Hundreds of Finns braved the freezing temperatures to queue up to exchange Finnish markka for euros at the Bank of Finland, which was scheduled to open its doors between midnight and 1 am.
		At 1.30am, the last in the queue, I finally changed 600 markka and received a total of E100.95 - a slightly better rate than the usual exchange rate of 5.94 markka to the euro.
		In Amsterdam, unlike Helsinki's airport, where everyone seemed to be paying in markka, everyone in the queue had euros in their hands.
	specials.ft.com /euro/FT3CHXCGXVC.html (334 words)

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