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	Fiore dei Liberi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Liberi declared that he was born in the Diocese of the Patriarchate of Aquileia in Cividale del Fruili in what was then Austria.
		Fiore dei Liberi wrote that he had a natural inclination to the martial arts and began at a young age.
		Fiore was a contemporary of Johannes Liechtenauer, the founder of the German school of swordsmanship.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Fiore_dei_Liberi (340 words)

	Fiore Dei Liberi - Flos Duellatorum
		Fiore dei Liberi / Fiore de' Liberi da Premariacco was a master of the Bolognese school of fencing in northern Italy and his work is now the primary source today for our knowledge of 15th century Italian fighting arts, especially the long-sword.
		Dei Liberi is at present the earliest surviving master of Italian fighting arts and a primary source for the Medieval Italian long-sword.
		Dei Liberi’s text is not always clear, but enough of it is accessible in his advice to give us a good idea of his method, including his guards or stances, attacks, counters, and philosophy of fighting.
	www.thearma.org /Manuals/Liberi.htm (783 words)

	Journal of Western Martial Art (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Fiore dei Liberi of Cividale d’Austria was a medieval swordsmaster, born sometime between 1340 and 1350 in Cividale del Friuli, a small town on the river Natisone in Italy.
		Dei Liberi uses this quite often, but it is a difficult concept to explain by using words only due to the shifting nature of space around the opponent and the combatant during the course of an engagement.
		Dei Liberi mentions Guards and Posta, and although he does say that they are the same thing, he also takes some time to try and explain the difference between the two phrases.
	ejmas.com /jwma/articles/2002/jwmaart_lovett_0602.htm (9105 words)

	Journal of Western Martial Art
		The image which graces this article with a reproduction on the left was extracted from a treatise composed by swordsmaster Fiore dei Liberi while in the court of the Marquise of Ferrara, in the year 1410.
		The genius in Liberi is revealed in this single illustration which effectively encapsulates the entire art, both armed and unarmed fighting styles in terms that communicate the technical or the physical, and the intellectual or meta-physical attributes of combat.
		Liberi does not promote ground fighting in his manuscript, and prefers to remain upright, a theme that is consistent throughout the manuscript.
	ejmas.com /jwma/articles/2005/jwmaart_cvet_0105.htm (2095 words)

	The Next Generation Fiore (Type XVa) - 14th - 17th Century Medieval Swords (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		This sword is named for Fiore dei Liberi, a swordmaster who was born to a knightly family in Cividale del Friuli sometime around 1340 or 1350.
		Fiore had been practicing the art of swordsmanship for forty years when he began writing his treatise on defence.
		Fior di Bataglia, or Flower of Battle, (ca 1409) exists today in three manuscripts, named for the collections or libraries in which they were or are now kept: Bob Charron, of St. Martin's Academy, is currently assisting in the translation of the Getty-Ludwig copy of the manuscript.
	www.swordsofhonor.com /negefitxv.html (369 words)

	FightingArts.com - The Flower of Battle: An Interview with Bob Charron - Part 1
		It is also a symbol for the all-seeing and designing eye of God, and so it appears in Fiore’s segno page as the instrument of the lynx that symbolizes the virtue of prudence, the ability to see the unseen, and which always places itself with the compass and rule as it measures the world.
		Fiore’s application of it was not at all singular, but part of an approach used by “magistri” or teachers of almost any art of the time.
		There are precedents for Fiore’s approach in the scholastics of his time, and of those who came long before him in the classical world, but Fiore is one of the earliest treatises on fighting arts that we have from Europe.
	www.fightingarts.com /reading/article.php?id=436 (3754 words)

	[MR] [MR]Bob Charron brings dei Liberi to Washington DC
		Fiore dei Liberi, master of medieval combat, established a comprehensive fighting system for the medieval warrior.
		He trained many knights and squires for combat in tournament, war and duel, and in 1400 was appointed by the Marquis of Ferrara as the trainer to his personal knightly household with duties as a military advisor.
		Fiore's manual, the Fior di Battaglia (Flos Duellatorum in Latin) includes wrestling, knife attack and defense, one and two handed sword, pollaxe spear, and mounted combat both armored and unarmored.
	www.atlantia.sca.org /pipermail/atlantia/2002-February/004380.html (633 words)

	Fiore dei Liberi -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Liberi declared that he was born in the Diocese of the Patriarchate of Aquileia in Cividale del Fruili in what was then (A mountainous republic in central Europe; under the Habsburgs (1278-1918) Austria maintained control of the Holy Roman Empire and was a leader in European politics until the 19th century) Austria.
		Liberi dedicated the book to his commissioner Sir Nicolo d’Este, Marquis of Ferrara, (additional info and facts about Modena) Modena and (additional info and facts about Parma, Italy) Parma, Italy.
		His death date is an estimate as there are no known records of his life after he published his book.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/F/Fi/Fiore_dei_Liberi.htm (332 words)

	Online Library: Fiore dei Liberi c1409
		Liberi states that the techniques described in his treatise can be deployed in unarmoured duels and in armoured combat engagements.
		Brief Interpretation on the Prologue on Fiore dei Liberi (Pisani-Dossi)
		However, since then, many of the illustrations have been updated with images sourced from a contemporary re-publication of the Pisani-Dossi version of Fiore dei Liberi entitled "Flos Duellatorum in armis, sine armis, equester et pedester", published by Gladiatoria 1998 in Padova, Italy and authored by Giovanni Rapisardi.
	www.aemma.org /onlineResources/liberi/contents_body.htm (1924 words)

	Fiore dei Liberi, 1410 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Fiore dei Liberi of Cividale dAustria was born sometime between 1340 and 1350 born in Cividale del Friuli, a small town on the river Natisone in Italy.
		Given that he had written the treatise "Flos Duellatorum" between the years of 1409 and 1410, and that according to the information in the prologue of the manuscript, he had been practicing the art of swordsmanship for 50 years at the time of his writing, the birth year is an estimate.
		The figure to the right is an example of one of the illustrations that depicts the formal angles of attack found in his treatise.
	www.aemma.org /onlineResources/liberi/prologue_body.htm (462 words)

	Schola Gladiatoria - Fiore dei Liberi
		Fiore seems to have gained a reputation for himself, and in the late 14thC he is recorded as performing several duties and as being in various parts of northern Italy.
		We could assume that Fiore was based at Niccolo's court, but aside from the treatises and library records there is no evidence to support it, while many other individuals who were present at Niccolo's court are recorded as being there.
		During his time as a teacher, Fiore tells us he prepared gentlemen, under oath of secrecy, for duels in the barriers, and he recites a few of the most notable examples, telling us his student's name, their opponent's name and nationality, where the fight was held and what the outcome was.
	www.fioredeiliberi.org /fiore (1676 words)

	FightingArts.com - The Flower of Battle:An Interview with Bob Charron - Part 2
		The prologue first presents Fiore’s experience and credentials, including the years he spent learning, his famous students and his five duels with other masters.
		The Fior di Battaglia’s prologue speaks of Fiore studying forty years or more, so we have to think in the long term as we approach this art, especially in light of the fact that we are challenged by starting from scratch with no living teachers in this art to take instruction from.
		Fiore in particular speaks to me because his system is not specific to particular weapons, but general to the human body and the laws of nature as he knew them.
	www.fightingarts.com /reading/article.php?id=441 (3401 words)

	Silver "Fiore" Pins - Fiore Sterling Pin (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Fiore dei Liberi was a renowned Maestro from Northern Italy who taught an integrated form of swordsmanship that included hand-to-hand, dagger, single- and two-handed sword, baton, spear and poleaxe, both on foot and on horseback.
		Central to Fiore's presentation of his martial system is his segno, literally, "sign" or "diagram." The contains a wealth of symbolic information encoded for use by his 14th century students of swordsmanship.
		For combatants, they can serve as a reminder to shore up a weak aspect of their swordsmanship, or be worn as a symbol of pride in their art as a whole or in their emphasis on one particular aspect.
	www.revival.us /index.asp?PageAction=VIEWPROD&ProdID=194&HS=1 (469 words)

	researchfiore
		Fiore Dei Liberi became the instructor at arms to the knightly household of Niccolo III d’Este in 1400, and some nine or ten years later, was convinced by his patron to record his knowledge of arms for posterity in his treatise: Fior di Bataglia.
		Fior di Bataglia has been characterized by some as “cryptic” or “not well organized” when nothing could be further from the truth.
		There will be a very brief discussion of the court of Fiore’s patron and the intellectual and artistic company that Fiore was invited to join.
	www.stmartinsacademy.com /abstract.htm (284 words)

	Introduction to Fiore Dei Liberi
		I have learnt systems such as Fiore not as pretty arts where I can go through Kata and perform technique wonderfully, although this is one aspect of the training.
		I don't mean to go out into the street and beat people up, no! I mean that I have learnt the system as it was meant to be learnt for real life application, as a system where I can fight a fight using the principles and methods hidden in the techniques on the pages.
		The fact that Fiores teachings were to people who already should know the basics or simply that fact that to describe everything his pictures show would have taken a lot longer to explain.
	www.the-exiles.org /real_world.html (4538 words)

	Archives Gallowglass Academy, Inc.
		Fiore Dei Liberi was born in the middle of the 14
		His treatise, the Fior di Bataglia (Flower of Battle – circa 1409), is a complete martial arts system which addresses hand to hand combat, knife attack and defense, the use of the sword in one or two hands, armored combat with swords, axes and spears, and techniques for fighting from horseback.
		However, the basics of Fiore’s system can be grasped and retained for use in further study of the treatise and effective and scientific use of the sword, the spear and the axe.
	www.gallowglassacademy.org /Archives.html (5341 words)

	booking
		Fiore dei Liberi was born in Northern Italy in the middle of the 14
		The first day of the seminar will begin with a brief introduction to Fiore, the Marquis d’Este, the internal structure and coding of the surviving copies of the manual, and Fiore’s prologue and segno page.
		The second day will be structured similarly, beginning with a slide presentation and demonstration of each of the techniques, followed by hands-on practice, drill and training from Fiore’s system for these weapons.
	www.stmartinsacademy.com /booking.htm (728 words)

	Saturday
		Fiore dei Liberi's Flos Duellatorum (ca 1410) - a comprehensive guide to combat on foot, both armored and unarmored.
		Written around 1410, Liberi’s Flos Duellatorum (Flower of Battle) is a manual of knightly combat which covers wrestling, dagger, sidesword, longsword, poleaxe, spear, and mounted combat both with and without armour.
		All the foot combat plates from Fiore will be physically demonstrated in the sequence provided by the treatise and emphasize recurring themes and techniques.
	www.scholasolis.com /Workshop/flyer.htm (301 words)

	Fiore Dei Liberi’s 7 Rules (Attributes to develop)
		More then mere techniques are contained in this manual, however, and Fiore gives instruction on the proper mindset and attributes training necessary to be effective in combat.
		This aspect of his work has not been properly explained, I fear, and many people only look to Fiore's masterwork as a source of individual "tricks" which, without the proper mindset and attributes, may be unworkable.
		Fiore tells us to practice these techniques carefully in practice but to hold nothing back in a real fight for your life.
	alliancemartialarts.com /fiore.html (817 words)

	Medieval and Renaissance Knife Fighting
		Fiore would never show his techniques in public, except as he used them in battle, and he taught all his students behind closed doors, swearing them to secrecy about what they learned.
		Fiore dei Liberi, among others, also shows many ways to apply grappling techniques to unseat another rider when in close, side by side.
		Dei Liberi showed over 100 individual techniques of wrestling, dagger fighting, and unarmed defense, which Marozzo distills down to 22 techniques.
	www.alliancemartialarts.com /history.html (2624 words)

	Schola Saint George
		This is the foundational course that ties all future study together, and it focuses on the development of a solid fighting platform with simple, direct footwork, efficient harnessing of the body's large muscle groups to develop power and speed, and solid technique for delivery of effective blows.
		Fiore dei Liberi called it, "Ponderous, Cruel and Mortal", but the weapon can be used to exercise the combatant in arms like no other.
		For mounted combatants, the material in Fiore dei Liberi and Paulus Kals appears to be an application of the fundamentals, chiefly the lance work and the exchange of the thrust.
	www.scholasaintgeorge.org /classes.html (1911 words)

	Fiore dei Liberi Seminar - NetSword Discussion Forums
		This will exclusively concentrate on the martial system of Fiore dei Liberi, who lived in northern Italy and was active circa 1360 to 1410.
		This is the second in a series of seminars, for 2003/2004, covering the system of Fiore dei Liberi and will be an in-depth presentation of the unarmed section of one of the most complete and integrated historical martial systems surviving from medieval/renaissance Europe.
		The Exiles are recognised as one of the leading practitioners of this detailed system and the unarmed section is the basis behind rest of the Fiore system - including dagger, single sword and two handed sword work.
	www.netsword.com /ubb/Forum3/HTML/000925.html (308 words)

	The Fiore Medieval Sword
		This sword is named for Fiore dei Liberi, a swordmaster born to a knightly family in Cividale del Friuli sometime around 1340 or 1350.
		Fior di Bataglia, or Flower of Battle, (ca 1409) exists today in three manuscripts, named for the collections or libraries in which they were or are now kept: Bob Charron, of St.
		Martin's Academy, is currently assisting in the translation of the Getty-Ludwig copy of the manuscript.
	www.albion-swords.com /swords/albion/nextgen/sword-medieval-fiore-xva.htm (214 words)

	Fiore Translation and Interpretation Project (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Fior di Battaglia: MS Ludwig XV 13 - J. Paul Getty Museum (codice "GETTY")
		Flos Duellatorum (Pisani-Dossi MS): F. Novati, Flos duellatorum: Il Fior di battaglia di maestro Fiore dei Liberi da Premariacco (Bergamo, 1902)
		The contents of this document is a transcription and translation based upon the original text.
	fiore.the-exiles.org /home.html (168 words)

	Roger Siggs: PED202SP (Unarmed Combat)
		Fiore dei Liberi in 1410 broke a few of these principles into 7 rules the he espoused would give any fighter the ability to win against his opponent.
		Fiore de Liberi: Fiore dei Liberi was born to a knightly family in Cividale del Friuli sometime around 1340 or 1350.
		Fiore's text, 'Fiore di Battaglia' provides more than just techniques, detailing the proper mindset and attributes necessary for combat.
	gecko.gc.maricopa.edu /~rsiggs/ped202sp.htm (1169 words)

	Go, twinkletoes! (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		As Fiore dei Liberi calls it, this is the elephant of your technique.
		Some masters (dei Liberi, Vadi) advocate keeping the body weight on the stationary leg, forming an anchor.
		Even in a tempo in which the opponent seeks to strike you, that is a tempo to gain his blade and strike him.
	www.dakao.org /wma/footwork.php (1017 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		The Schola's core curriculum focuses on Fiore dei Liberi's late 14th century longsword as the introductory module, but also focuses on techniques of wrestling, dagger, spear and poleaxe, with the last as an area of particular specialty.
		The foundation of the training is rooted with Fiore dei Liberi's tradition and includes all of the knightly arts including armoured and unarmoured longsword, grappling, dagger, pollaxe, spear, sword & buckler and mounted training.
		Training is principally based on the 1409 "Fior di Battaglia" manuscript of Fiore dei Liberi, and includes instruction in grappling, dagger fighting, one and two-handed swords and the poleaxe.
	www.chicagoswordplayguild.com /links.htm (3072 words)

	[No title]
		Schola Gladiatoria has three main lines of training and research; I) the fighting arts of the renowned early 15th century Italian Master of Arms Fiore dei Liberi; II) the early 16thC Bolognese traditions of 'Anonimo' and Antonio Manciolino, and finally; III) the study of 18th and 19th century gentlemanly and military martial arts.
		This site is dedicated to Fiore dei Liberi and that aspect of our research and training - if you are more interested in the later fencing arts then visit: http://militaryarts.mysite.freeserve.com/index.jhtml
		'Fior di Battaglia' was translated from microfilm of the original book, held in the J.P.Getty Museum in L.A., California, by Eleonora Litta and Matt Easton, and together with the Exiles CMMA (www.the-exiles.org) they worked on the interpretation of these techniques since the beginning of 2001.
	mysite.wanadoo-members.co.uk /scholagladiatoria/page1.html (536 words)

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