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	Wildland Fire: Science of Wildland Fire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		The first step in teaching about wildland fire is to begin with the essentials as illustrated by the fire triangle and its three equal sides, representing heat, fuel, and oxygen; the interaction of the three are required for the creation and maintenance of any fire.
		Because of the complicated combustion process that occurs during the ignition and spread of a wildland fire, it may be useful to describe for your audience the difference between fire and flame.
		Fire is a chemical reaction, and flame is the visible indication of that chemical reaction.
	www.nifc.gov /preved/comm_guide/wildfire/fire_4.html (1994 words)

	The Fire Triangle
		Fire is the byproduct of a chemical reaction in which fuel stored in a combustible fuel is converted to a gas.
		A fire's flame refers to the visual indication of light that occurs once the gas is heated, and is evidence that a fire has taken place.
		A heat source is responsible for the initial ignition of wildland fire, and heat is also needed to maintain the fire and permit it to spread.
	www.citruscountyfl.org /disaster/storms/fire/fire_triangle.htm (342 words)

	Wildland Fire Season 2000: This Thing Called Fire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Fire is the naturally occurring companion of energy release in the form of heat and light when oxygen combines with a combustible, or burnable, material at a suitably high temperature (about 617 degrees F, 325 degrees C for wood to burn).
		A large wildland fire finally is circled by a line, taking away access to fuel, or the weather changes and rain or snow begins to fall, reducing the heat.
		The key to fire is understanding its nature — what it takes to create fire, and more importantly, during difficult fire seasons such as this year — what it takes to control it.
	www.nifc.gov /pres_visit/whatisfire.html (710 words)

	Failure Magazine-Archives-History-Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		By the time it was extinguished a half-hour later, the now infamous Triangle fire had claimed 146 lives making it the worst workplace disaster in New York history, a dubious distinction it held for more than 90 years.
		At the time of the fire, the Triangle shirtwaist factory was the largest manufacturer of women's shirtwaists (today known as blouses) in the country.
		History would show that the Triangle fire would have its greatest impact in the political arena, as the Democratic Party seized on the disaster as an opportunity to re-invent its agenda and embrace the reform movement.
	www.failuremag.com /arch_history_triangle_fire.html (2262 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire of 1911
		At the time of the fire the only safety measures available for the workers were 27 buckets of water and a fire escape that would collapse when people tried to use them.
		Upon finding that they could not use the doors to escape and the fire burning at their clothes and hair, the girls of the Triangle Shirtwaist Company, aged mostly between 13 and 23 years of age, jumped 9 stories to their death.
		All employees are to be trained on the proper use of a fire extinguisher as well as escape routes and fire drills.
	www.csun.edu /~ghy7463/mw2.html (1410 words)

	USFWS Alaska: Fire Management
		Fire is a rapid chemical reaction that combines fuel and oxygen to produce heat and light.
		To slow down a fire, one of the three components of the triangle must be changed.
		Discuss a fire triangle with the class as outlined in the Teacher Background section.
	www.r7.fws.gov /fire/role/unit2/firetriangle.cfm (867 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial of 1911: A Chronology (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A fire prevention expert writes a letter to Triangle Shirtwaist management suggesting that they hold a meeting to discuss improved safety measures, but the letter is ignored.
		Fire fighters make their way to the badly burned top three floors of the Asch building, finding dozens of badly burned bodies as they do so.
		A Triangle Shirtwaist worker stuck in water in the bottom of an elevator shaft is rescued by fire fighters.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/triangle/trianglechrono.html (698 words)

	The Fire Triangle (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Oxygen, heat, and fuel are frequently referred to as the "fire triangle." Add in the fourth element, the chemical reaction, and you actually have a fire "tetrahedron." The important thing to remember is: take any of these four things away, and you will not have a fire or the fire will be extinguished.
		Essentially, fire extinguishers put out fire by taking away one or more elements of the fire triangle/tetrahedron.
		Fire safety, at its most basic, is based upon the principle of keeping fuel sources and ignition sources separate.
	ehs.sc.edu /modules/Fire/01_triangle.htm (139 words)

	Fire Extinguishers in the Workplace
		Fire extinguishers in the workplace should be placed conspicuously and within easy reach so they can be accessed quickly while a fire is still small.
		Moving carefully toward the fire, keep the extinguisher aimed at the base of the fire and sweep back and forth until the flames appear to be out.
		The fire is spreading beyond the immediate area in which it started or is already a large fire.
	www.ci.sausalito.ca.us /sfd/prevention/fe-workplace.htm (1157 words)

	The University Of The West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad & Tobago
		This is the basis of fire and fire fighting.
		The chemical, exothermic reaction that is fire is usually classed as a fourth element that keeps the fire burning.
		The objective of fire protection therefore is to ensure that the fire triangle is never formed.
	sta.uwi.edu /safety/firetriangle.asp (248 words)

	Region Five Smokejumpers Fire Safety
		All fires follow the rules of the fire triangle: They require heat, fuel and oxygen to burn.
		Fire requires three elements to burn: heat, fuel and oxygen.
		When the fire reaches the fireline, it is starved of fuel - one of the fire triangle elements.
	www.fs.fed.us /fire/people/smokejumpers/redding/safety.html (274 words)

	About the Triangle Fire
		Fire inspections and precautions were woefully inadequate at the time.
		Shortly after the fire, the Executive Board of the Ladies' Waist and Dress Makers' Union, Local No. 25 of the ILGWU, the local to which some of the Triangle factory workers belonged, met to plan relief work for the survivors and the families of the victims.
		This board, consisting of representatives from the clothing industry and from the union, was established a year prior to the Triangle Fire in the aftermath of the 1910 Cloakmakers' Strike.
	www.english.uiuc.edu /maps/poets/m_r/pinsky/triangle.htm (2536 words)

	The Science of Wildland Fire (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Wildfire is defined as any unplanned, unwanted fire that burns uncontrollably in a natural setting such as a grassland or forest, where the objective is to put the fire out.
		Fire Behavior is the manner in which fuels ignite, flames develop, and fire spreads.
		A fire at the bottom of a slope can preheat the fuels located uphill because the smoke and heat are rising in that direction, helping them to easily catch fire when they come in contact with flames.
	www.fws.gov /southwest/REFUGES/wichitamountains/wildland.html (2074 words)

	Evacuation Plans and Procedures eTool: Fire Extinguisher Basics
		Fire is a very rapid chemical reaction between oxygen and a combustible material, which results in the release of heat, light, flames, and smoke.
		All portable fire extinguishers must be approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory such as Underwriters Laboratories, Inc. (UL) or Factory Mutual Research (FM) to verify compliance with applicable standards 1910.157(c)(2).
		APWs extinguish fire by cooling the surface of the fuel to remove the "heat" element of the fire triangle.
	www.osha.gov /SLTC/etools/evacuation/portable_about.html (926 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		Panicked workers rushed to the stairs, the freight elevator, and the fire escape.
		The ladders of the fire department extended only to the sixth floor, and life nets broke when workers jumped in groups of three and four.
		Although there was widespread revulsion and rage over the working conditions that had contributed to the fire, many defended the right of shop owners to resist government safety regulation, and some in government insisted that they were at any rate powerless to impose it.
	www.francesfarmersrevenge.com /stuff/archive/oldnews3/triangle.htm (1527 words)

	The Uprising of 20,000 and the Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		After the fire, their story inspired hundreds of activists across the state and the nation to push for fundamental reforms.
		Years before the Triangle fire, garment workers actively sought to improve their working conditions—including locked exits in high-rise buildings—that led to the deaths at Triangle.
		Many of the strike leaders worked there, and the Triangle owners wanted to make sure other factory owners were committed to doing whatever it took—from using physical force (by hiring thugs to beat up strikers) to political pressure (which got the police on their side)—to not back down.
	www.aflcio.org /aboutus/history/history/uprising_fire.cfm (1489 words)

	Forest Fires--Ecology lesson plan (grades 9-12)--DiscoverySchool.com (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		A surface fire is one that primarily burns undergrowth and leaf litter.
		The policy of blanket fire suppression has not only disrupted plant succession patterns in the forest and limited the variety of habitat available to animals but also resulted in a tremendous buildup of forest underbrush and litter.
		This pictorial essay of the vast fires that burned nearly a quarter million acres of forest in Yellowstone National Park in 1988, explains how naturalist have come to appreciate the role of fire in the natural evolution of a healthy ecosystem.
	school.discovery.com /lessonplans/programs/forestfires (1996 words)

	Triangle Fire, Inc. - Miami, FL
		By 1988, he had grown to be the largest fire equipment company in the southeast region with over 40 employees.
		Since opening, Triangle Fire has gained national and local recognition for exceptional sales and service of fire extinguishers and fire suppression systems of all types.
		He was a charter member of the Fire Suppression Systems Association in 1983, President of Florida Fire Equipment Dealers Association (FFEDA) in 1985, and Director of NAFED from 1986-1989.
	www.trianglefire.com /index.html (364 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire Trial (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-13)
		Just then somebody on the eighth floor shouted, "Fire!" Flames leapt from discarded rags between the first and second rows of cutting tables in the hundred- foot-by-hundred-foot floor.
		Triangle employee William Bernstein grabbed pails of water and vainly attempted to put the fire out.
		In the thickening smoke, as several men continued to fling water at the flames, the fire spread everywhere--to the tables, the wooden floor trim, the partitions, the ceiling.
	www.law.umkc.edu /faculty/projects/ftrials/triangle/trianglefire.html (168 words)

	NPR : The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
		A pivotal case in point is the fire at a New York City clothing factory almost a century ago.
		The "Triangle Fire" started on an upper floor of the high-rise factory building in Greenwich Village on a Saturday afternoon in March 1911.
		The other exit was blocked by fire, the elevators couldn't run, the fire escape had collapsed...
	www.npr.org /templates/story/story.php?storyId=1416870 (547 words)

	HistoryBuff.com -- History Library -- The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire
		The distraught fire fighters pulled out a life net and attempted to catch one girl but three more hurled themselves immediately after the first and all four bounced out hitting the concrete.
		Some of the girls were jumping now five at a time with fire streaking from their hair as they hurled themselves into eternity.
		The 10th floor, which was where the showroom and the pressing of the shirtwaists took place, first received the message of a fire over the teleautograph which relayed messages between floors.
	www.historybuff.com /library/refshirtwaist.html (1978 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire. A Journal for MultiMedia History web site review.
		The cartoons, mostly from ILGWU publications, highlight the inadequate safety precautions that led to the Triangle fire and express some of the outrage of New Yorkers against the unsafe working conditions and the uncaring attitude of the employers.
		There is also a wonderful bibliography on the fire which includes archive sources for scholars wishing to carry out original research, and a host of secondary sources including juvenile literature, fiction and poetry, videos, and instructional materials for middle and high school students.
		The Triangle fire is, and should be, the main focus of the site but the fire could also act as a window to show more union history.
	www.albany.edu /jmmh/vol2no1/trianglefire.html (999 words)

	NPS Fire and Aviation Management Program - Fire Facts for Teachers
		Fire is a chemical reaction, called combustion, that involves the rapid oxidation of combustible materials — any substance which will ignite and burn — accompanied by a release of energy in the form of heat and light.
		The three-sided fire triangle shows that oxygen, heat and fuel in the proper proportions are necessary to create a fire.
		The final component of the fire triangle is fuel.
	www.nps.gov /fire/educational/edu_tea_firefacts04.cfm (237 words)

	EconEdLink \| EconomicsMinute \| Worker Safety - The Triangle Fire Legacy
		The Triangle Fire was the worst industrial fire in U.S. history.
		A fire in a Hackensack, New Jersey sweatshop killed 25 female workers.
		After the Hackensack fire, a New York Fire Chief warned that the conditions in New York City were perfect for a similar or greater tragedy.
	www.econedlink.org /lessons/index.cfm?lesson=EM542 (1164 words)

	The Triangle Shirtwaist Fire -- Part I
		Near the end of their six-day, fifty-two-hour workweek, it was almost quitting time for 275 women at the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory.
		On the top three floors of New York's ten-story Asch Building, a modern fireproof structure, men and women (mostly immigrants and mostly women between the ages of thirteen and twenty-three) were gathering their belongings.
		So rapid was the spread that many bodies found after the fire were still bent over their sewing machines.
	www.suite101.com /article.cfm/labor_history/24709 (424 words)

	Dumfries Triangle Volunteer Fire Department - Prince William County, VA
		The mobile home had an attached structure which was the portion that was on fire.
		A 17-year-old Triangle boy was killed in an early morning single-car accident that involved alcohol and excessive speed, said Officer John Bogert, Prince William police spokesman.
		Jacob Dillon of the 18300 block of Cabin Road was killed in an accident in the 18100 Joplin Road near Quantico National Cemetery...
	www.dumfriesfire.com (398 words)

	Module 4...Rebirth in Fire
		Slope - the degree of incline of a hillside.
		It is essential that the public understand appropriate fire management policies, and that fire is a necessary part of ecological succession in many forested areas.
		The key idea that needs to be understood is that often it is most efficient to “fight fire with fire;” that is, allow the proper authorities to set fires deliberately so as to avoid larger and more destructive fires in later years.
	www.lpb.org /education/classroom/itv/envirotacklebox/modules/m4fire.htm (423 words)

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