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Topic: First Battle of El Alamein

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Battle of El Alamein

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	Battle of El Alamein - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		There were two battles of El Alamein, both during 1942.
		First Battle of El Alamein - July 1942
		Second Battle of El Alamein - November 1942
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Battle_of_El_Alamein (110 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Second Battle of El Alamein
		Following the First Battle of El Alamein, which had stalled the Axis advance, General Bernard Montgomery took command of the British Empire's Eighth Army from Claude Auchinleck in August 1942.
		The Battle of Alamein, or more correctly the Second Battle of El Alamein, marked a significant turning point of World War II and was the first major victory by a British-led force over the German Army.
		Following the First Battle of El Alamein, which had stalled the Axis advance, British general Bernard Montgomery took command of the Eighth Army from Claude Auchinleck in August 1942.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/Second_Battle_of_El_Alamein/Prelude (1696 words)

	The Battle of El Alamein
		The Battle of El Alamein, from 23 October to 5 November 1942, was one of the largest battles involving the western allies in the whole of the war with Germany.
		El Alamein was part of the series of battles that saw the British Commonwealth forces advancing and retreating across the coastal plain and desert hinterland of North Africa from 1940 to 1943.
		El Alamein was a large battle, involving 220,000 men, 1,100 tanks and 900 guns on the Allied side facing the 180,000 men, 600 tanks and 500 guns of the Axis powers.
	www.defence.gov.au /army/AHU/HISTORY/Battles/El_Alamein.htm (893 words)

	::The Battle of El Alamein::
		The Battle of El Alamein, fought in the deserts of North Africa, is seen as one of the decisive victories of World War Two.
		The Battle of El Alamein was primarily fought between two of the outstanding commanders of World War Two, Montgomery, who succeeded the dismissed Auchinleck, and Rommel.
		El Alamein was a bottleneck that ensures that Rommel could not use his favoured form of attack - sweeping into the enemy from the rear.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /battle_of_el_alamein.htm (1801 words)

	First Battle of El Alamein - Education - Information - Educational Resources - Encyclopedia - Music
		Following the defeat at the Battle of Gazala in June 1942, the British Eighth Army had retreated from Mersa Matruh to the Alamein Line in Egypt, a 40 mile (60 km) gap between the town of El Alamein on the Mediterranean coast to the north and the Qattara Depression in the desert to the south.
		The Allied line near El Alamein was not overrun until the evening and this hold up stalled the Axis advance.
		A second attempt by Rommel to bypass or break British position was repulsed in the Battle of Alam Halfa in August, and in October the Eighth Army, now commanded by Bernard Montgomery, decisively defeated the Axis forces in the Second Battle of El Alamein.
	www.music.us /education/F/First-Battle-of-El-Alamein.htm (644 words)

	First Battle of El Alamein
		Following the defeat at the Battle of Gazala in June 1942, the Eighth Army had retreated from Mersa Matruh to the Alamein Line in Egypt, a 40 mile (60 km) gap between the town of El Alamein on the Mediterranean coast to the north and the Qattara Depression in the desert to the south.
		Neither battle was successful and the failure of armour to reach the infantry in time at the Second Battle led to the loss of 700 men.
		A second attempt by Rommel to bypass or break the Commonwealth position was repulsed in the Battle of Alam Halfa in August, and in October the Eighth Army, now commanded by Bernard Montgomery, decisively defeated the Axis forces in the Second Battle of El Alamein.
	www.brainyencyclopedia.com /encyclopedia/f/fi/first_battle_of_el_alamein.html (536 words)

	El Alamein
		The first and some say erroneously named, was a defensive battle fought by the British and the Commonwealth Eighth Army from 1 to 4 July 1942.
		Unlike most previous Western Desert battles, this second battle was a set-piece affair against static defences with no turnable flank and lack of fuel and transport prevented Rommel from practicing the mobile warfare of which he was a master.
		El Alamein was the climax of the Western Desert campaigns and one of the turning-points of the war; the victory, as intended, influenced the French to co-operate in the North African campaign after initially opposing the landings there.
	library.thinkquest.org /C001323/data/ww2_el4.html (1012 words)

	Fallschirmjäger: North Africa
		First, the position of the Luftwaffe's Flieger Corps Tunis was steadily deteriorating, as US and British air and sea blockading forces set about strangling supply lines.
		First, there was a 48mm antitank gun with a tapered bore that fired a solid projectile.
		Rommel's attempt to break through at El Alamein resulted in the Battle of Alam Halfa (31 August-7 September), where his tanks were defeated by a combination of fuel shortages and the tactics of the Eighth Army's new commander.
	www.germanwarmachine.com /fallschirmjager/northafrica.htm (2429 words)

	History Channel: El Alamein ...
		While the battle in which Montgromery defeated Rommel, and drove him out of the desert is often called the Battle of El Alamein, its correct title is, The Second Battle of El Alamein.
		The first was during the 1st-27 July 1942 when the 8th Army under Auchinleck stopped the advancing Germans, and both sides settled into defensive positions, this is known as the First Battle Of El Alamein.
		The second battle on the El Alamein position was the battle known as Alam Halfa (the area of El Alamein which saw the most fighting) to the British, and to the Germans as, The Six Day Race.
	boards.historychannel.com /thread.jspa?threadID=800014121 (596 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		El Alamein (or Al Alamayn) (Arabic: Ø§ÙØ¹ÙÙÙÙ) is a town in northern Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea coast.
		At the First Battle of El Alamein (July 1 – July 27 1942) the advance of Axis troops on Alexandria was blunted by the Allies.
		At the Second Battle of El Alamein (October 23 – November 4, 1942) Allied forces broke the Axis line and forced them in a retreat that pushed them all the way back to Tunisia.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=El_Alamein (382 words)

	El Alamein
		First, the inexorable laws of "the diminishing power of the offensive" began to exert their hampering influence.
		Reconnoitered by General Sir James Marshall-Cornwall earlier in the summer, the Alamein line ran for about thirty miles from the Mediterranean coast near the small railway station of EL Alamein to the cliffs edging the Qattara Depression, which was a vast area of impassable, low-lying salt marshes that effectively closed the Desert flank.
		This was first to block Rommel's attack and then to launch counter-attacks against weaker Italian formations, compelling the German armour to divert from it's own purposes to the task of bolstering their allies.
	www.army.mod.uk /infantry/regts/the_rifles/history_traditions/battle_honours/el_alamein.htm (3253 words)

	Learn more about World War II in the online encyclopedia. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		Germany was unable to defeat the Royal Air Force in the Battle of Britain and gain the air superiority needed to invade Britain.
		Seesaw battles across the North African desert between Rommel's Afrika Korps and the Eighth Army came to an end with the British Commonwealth victory at the Second Battle of El Alamein.
		The Second Battle of El Alamein occurred between October 23 and November 3, 1942 after Montgomery had replaced Auchinleck as commander of the Eighth Army.
	www.onlineencyclopedia.org /w/wo/world_war_ii.html (2358 words)

	World War 2 Battles -- Atlantic Theater
		The Battle of Monte Cassino was, in fact, a desperate and costly series of battles fought by the Allies during January and February of 1944 with the intention of liberating and linking up with allies contained within the Anzio pocket.
		At first, the main targets for the German Luftwaffe were radar installations and airports, in an attempt to destroy (either on the ground, or in the air defending the ground targets) or render useless the British fighter planes.
		The first such raid on 7th of September was intended as revenge for the British attack on Berlin on 25th/26th August, which in turn was a response to a German bomber accidentally dropping bombs on London.
	webpages.charter.net /wisconsinlegion-7thdistrict/WW2_Battles_Atlantic.htm (19982 words)

	Erwin Rommel
		In 1942 he started a classic blitzkrieg, and within weeks the British forces had been pushed back to the Egyptian border where he was stopped at the First Battle of El Alamein, although Australian forces held out in the important port city of Tobruk[?].
		After the Second Battle of El Alamein he was unable to stop the allied forces, eventually being ordered home by Hitler in 1943, just prior to the surrender of the DAK.
		After his battles in Africa, Rommel concluded that any offensive movements would be impossible due to the overwhelming Allied air superiority.
	www.ebroadcast.com.au /lookup/encyclopedia/ro/Rommel.html (992 words)

	El Alamein [Australian War Memorial]
		Three major battles occurred around El Alamein between July and November 1942, and were the turning point of the war in North Africa.
		In this last and desperate attempt to oust the Allies from the Alamein line, German and Italian armoured forces massed in the southern sector and made a sweeping hook that drove the Allies back to the Alam el Halfa Ridge.
		Artillery was used at El Alamein on a massive scale, supporting the infantry when they went forward, and protecting them when they were counterattacked.
	www.awm.gov.au /encyclopedia/el_alamein/reading.htm (1119 words)

	13/Alamein 2
		At first the security aspect was so fierce that I was not allowed to discuss anything even with Ayrton but naturally he had to come in a few days later...
		Obviously, many people contributed to the execution of the deception plan at El Alamein and it is highly likely that Maskelyne was one of the camoufleurs actively involved in the elaborate camouflage preparations.
		One of his first jobs was to assess the effectiveness of sonic deception in naval landings.
	www.maskelynemagic.com /13alamein2.html (2322 words)

	ipedia.com: Second Battle of El Alamein Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-02)
		The Commonwealth forces practised a number of deceptions in the months prior to the battle to wrong-foot the Axis command, not only as to the exact whereabouts of the forthcoming battle, but as to when the battle was likely to occur.
		In a reverse feint, the tanks for battle in the north were disguised as supply lorries by placing a removable plywood superstructure over them.
		Winston Churchill famously summed up the battle on 10 November, 1942 with the words "now this is not the end, it is not even the beginning of the end.
	www.ipedia.com /second_battle_of_el_alamein.html (998 words)

	Battle of El-Alamein
		El Alamein was the major turning point in North Africa in World War II.
		El Alamein is sixty miles west of Alexandria, Egypt.
		The three Divisional commander of 30 Corps had little confidence in the early breakout by the armour, the facts being in the open desert it is impossible to mask the signs of an offensive.
	home.centurytel.net /amlegionlacrosse/alamein.htm (1113 words)

	Reviews of 'Pendulum of War: Three Battles at El Alamein'
		The third, and most famous, in November, was the Second Battle of Alamein, in which the German-Italian Panzerarmee was defeated and forced to retreat from Egypt and Libya.
		Prior to the fighting at El Alamein, the British Eight Army was spectacularly defeated by Rommel at the Battles of Gazala and Mersa Matruh.
		A curiosity of El Alamein is that the reputation of the defeated Rommel remains solid but that of the two victorious Eighth Army commanders, General Sir C. Auchinleck and Lieutenant General B. Montgomery, remains controversial.
	www.usingenglish.com /amazon/us/reviews/1585676551.html (1637 words)

	Papers of Reginald William Thompson (1904-1977)
		Letters from Thompson to Maj Sir Desmond John Falkiner Morton relating to The Yankee Marlborough (Allen & Unwin, London, 1963); the Second Battle of El Alamein, Oct 1942 and the role of FM Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein and FM Rt.
		Various notes by Maj Gen Eric Edward Dorman O'Gowan (formerly Eric Edward Dorman Smith) on events in the Western Desert during World War Two, particularly the Battles of Alam El Halfa and El Alamein; the plans for the Battle of Alam El Halfa as outlined in the despatch by FM Rt.
		Hon Harold Rupert Leofric George Alexander, 1st Earl Alexander of Tunis; the events surrounding the removal from command of the 8 Army of FM Sir Claude John Eyre Auchinleck and O' Gowan and the appointment of FM Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein as General Officer Commanding, 8 Army, Aug 1942.
	www.kcl.ac.uk /lhcma/cats/thompson/th20-01-.shtml (1126 words)

	1942
		The battle for the Gazala line begins (Operation Theseus), as the Afrikakorps thrusts towards Tobruk with 560 tanks sweeping round the southern end of the Eighth Army's defensive positions, although the Free French forces at Bir Hacheim manage hold up this advance.
		A British attack against axis positions to the South of El Alamein is repulsed.
		This concludes the first battle of El Alamein.
	www.wargamer.com /ww2timeline/1942africa.asp (1428 words)

	Shore Excursions and Quick Trips
		The Allied victory in the battle of El Alamein marked the beginning of the end for the Axis Powers in North Africa, crushing the mystique surrounding the "Desert Fox", German Field Marshal Rommel, whose force of tanks had previously proved invisible.
		The Battle of El Alamein was one of the most violent as well as most important confrontations during 2nd World War.
		The arrival Sharm el Sheikh port is anticipated in the late afternoon.
	www.travco-eg.com /shore_excursions.html (2230 words)

	El Alamein, Egypt
		El Alamein (or Al Alamayn) is a town in northern Egypt on the Mediterranean Sea coast.
		At the First Battle of El Alamein (July 1 – July 27, 1942) the advance of Axis troops on Alexandria was blunted by the Allies.
		At the Second Battle of El Alamein (October 23 – November 4, 1942) Allied forces broke the Axis line and forced them in a retreat that took them all the way back to Tunisia.
	www.creekin.net /c3321-n58-el-alamein-egypt.html (264 words)

	Blitzkrieg @ GamersInfo.net
		As a reward Rommel was promoted and appointed commander of the 5th Light Division (later reorganized and redesignated as the 21st Panzer) and of the 15th Panzer Division, which were sent to Libya in early 1941 to aid the defeated and demoralized Italian troops, forming the Deutsches Afrika Korps.
		The First Battle of El Alamein was lost by Rommel due to a combination of supply problems and improved Allied tactics.
		Even then, their first battle was not against the British Eighth Army, but against the U.S. II Corps.
	blitzkrieg.gamersinfo.net /glossary/?id=9 (1408 words)

	World War II
		It was the first major defeat of the German army, and they never regained their momentum, allowing the Russian armies to eventually push the Germans all the way back to Berlin.
		In the two battles at El Alamein in June and late October - early November, the British under Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery defeated the famed German general Erwin Rommel and pushed the Germans out of Egypt, westward towards Tunisia.
		The crucial Battle of Midway followed in June: the fortunes of war could easily have given either side the victory, but Japanese naval aviation suffered a devastating defeat from which it never recovered.
	faculty.ucc.edu /egh-damerow/world_war_ii.htm (2935 words)

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