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	Battle of Philippi - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Battle of Philippi was the final battle in the Wars of the Second Triumvirate between the forces of Mark Antony and Octavian (the Second Triumvirate) against the forces of Julius Caesar's assassins Marcus Junius Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus in 42 BC, at Philippi in Macedonia.
		The battle consisted of two engagements in the plain West of the ancient city of Philippi.
		The first occurred on the first week of October; Brutus faced Octavian, while Antony's forces were up against those of Cassius.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_Philippi (270 words)

	Marcus Junius Brutus - Open Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		From his first appearance in the senate, Brutus aligned with the Optimates (the conservative faction) against the First Triumvirate of Marcus Licinius Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar.
		He married Porcia Catones who was his first cousin and a daughter of Cato, and wrote a text praising his deceased father-in-law's qualities.
		On October 3, the First Battle of Philippi did not produce a decisive result.
	open-encyclopedia.com /Marcus_Junius_Brutus (903 words)

	List of battles 1400 BC-600 AD (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Battle of Himera The Carthaginians under Hamilcar are defeated by the Greeks of Sicily, led by Gelon of Syracuse.
		225 BC Battle of Faesulae The Romans are defeated by the Gauls of Northern Italy.
		Battle of Sellasia Defeat of Cleomenes III of Sparta by Antigonus Doson of Macedon and the Achaean League
	www.enlightenweb.net /l/li/list_of_battles_1400_bc_600_ad.html (4463 words)

	Philippi biography .ms (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Philippi was the capital of the province of Macedonia.
		In 42 BC it was the site of the Battle of Philippi, the final battle between the forces of Marcus Antonius and Octavian Augustus and the forces of Cassius and Marcus Junius Brutus, Julius Caesar's assassins.
		Having been guided to Philippi by a vision (according to the Bible), Paul and his companion Silas preached the gospel and formed the first church in Europe.
	philippi.biography.ms (227 words)

	Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, page 86 (v. 1) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		He was saluted Imperator in consequence, and a record of this victory is preserved in the annexed coin, which represents a trophy placed upon the prow of a vessel.
		After the battle of Philippi (42), Ahenobarbus conducted the war independently of Sex.
		He was not, however, present at the battle, as he died a few days after joining Augustus.
	ancientlibrary.com /smith-bio/0095.html (906 words)

	This Month in History, October
		First Battle of Philippi — The First Triumvirate: Mark Antony and Octavian, fight an indecisive battle with Caesar's assassins Brutus and Cassius.
		The first installment of the Federalist Papers, a series of essays — by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay — calling for ratification of the Constitution, was published in a New York newspaper.
		The first battle of the Texas Revolution took place on Oct. 2 as American settlers defeated a Mexican cavalry in the Battle of Gonzales near the Guadalupe River.
	www.laughtergenealogy.com /bin/header/month10.html (6556 words)

	Philippi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The Philippi which St. Paul visited was a Roman colony founded by Augustus after the famous battle of Philippi, fought here between Antony and Octavius and Brutus and Cassius, B.C. The remains which strew the ground near the modern Turkish village Bereketli are, no doubt, derived from that city.
		On the Sabbath, presumably the first Sabbath after their arrival, the apostle and his companions went out to the bank of the Angites, and there spoke to the women, some of them Jews, others proselytes, who had come together for purposes of worship.
		How long they had stayed in Philippi we are not told, but the fact that the foundations of a strong and flourishing church had been laid and the phrase “for many days” (Act_16:18) lead us to believe that the time must have been a longer one than appears at first sight.
	holycall.com /biblemaps/philippi.htm (3460 words)

	Insane Mummies, Philippi, West Virginia
		After they became passée on the circus circuit, they returned to Philippi, got lost for a few decades, were found in a barn, then were stored under the bed of a local citizen.
		In 1985, the town was inundated by 35 feet of flood water; the severely water-logged mummies were laid out on the front lawn of the post office to dry.
		Philippi has another claim to fame: It's the town where the first limb was lost in the Civil War.
	www.roadsideamerica.com /attract/WVPHImum.html (527 words)

	Philippi
		While no one was killed in the battle, the Confederates suffered several severe wounds necessitating the first amputations of the Civil War, one each by Union and Confederate surgeons.
		On June 11, the first Wheeling Convention voted to nullify the Virginia ordinance of secession, declared the offices of the state government at Richmond vacated, and named Francis H. Pierpont governor of the restored government of Virginia.
		The Federal strategy at Philippi included what was probably the first employment of the railroad to effect the convergence of divergent forces upon an enemy in world history.
	www.wvhumanities.org /philippi.htm (290 words)

	Macedonia
		And it was for that reason that one of the great decisive battles of history was fought much later at Philippi; for it was at Philippi that Antony defeated Brutus and Cassius, and thereby decided the whole future of the Roman Empire.
		The fertile plain of Philippi was the battlefield between Mark Antony and Octavian and Brutus and Cassius, in which the former conquered and the Roman Republic was overthrown in 42 B.C. In celebration of the victory the city was made a Roman colony with the special privileges this involved.
		How long they had stayed in Philippi we are not told, but the fact that the foundations of a strong and flourishing church had been laid and the phrase "for many days" (ver 18) lead us to believe that the time must have been a longer one than appears at first sight.
	www.pilgrimtours.com /greece/info/philippi.htm (5059 words)

	City of Philippi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Philippi, population 2,870, is the county seat of Barbour County, located in the north central portion of West Virginia on U.S. Routes 119 and 250.
		Chartered in 1844, Philippi is the site of the first land battle of the Civil War, an event commemorated in the annual "Blue and Gray" historical re-enactment.
		Philippi has been designated an "All West Virginia Community" by the state Chamber of Commerce each year for more than a decade, and in 1991 won first place in the All-West Virginia Community for cities of its size.
	www.philippi.org (138 words)

	Philippi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After the battle of Philippi, in 42 B.C., the city became a Roman colony and its importance was stressed by the fact that it was located on the Via Egnatia.
		The structure has two architectural phases: the first was built by Philip II and the second by Justinian I in A.D. Inside the acropolis there is a tower dated to the Late Byzantine period.
		The Agora was the adminstrative centre of Philippi in the Roman period.
	www.culture.gr /2/21/211/21118a/e211ra01.html (775 words)

	Confused First Fight (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		From there they were to march south on the pike and occupy Talbott's Hill, which overlooked the town of Philippi on the west side of the river, at the same time that Milroy blocked the pike and Kelley entered the town.
		Although two pro-Southern young ladies rode their horses to Philippi the previous afternoon to warn Porterfield that the Yankees were planning an attack, the Confederate commander failed to withdraw or even post an adequate guard.
		Kelley, at first believed to be mortally wounded, was taken to a nearby tavern that had served as Porterfield's headquarters, then to a home in the town.
	www.thehistorynet.com /acw/blconfusedfirstflight/index1.html (1225 words)

	Marcus Junius Brutus -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After the disaster of the (Caesar defeated Pompey in 48 BC) Battle of Pharsalus, Brutus wrote Caesar with apologies and Caesar immediately forgave him.
		He married (Click link for more info and facts about Porcia Catones) Porcia Catones who was his first cousin and a daughter of Cato, and wrote a text praising his deceased father-in-law's qualities.
		October 23 - (Click link for more info and facts about Second Battle of Philippi) Second Battle of Philippi – his army was decisively defeated; Brutus escaped, but committed suicide soon after.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/m/ma/marcus_junius_brutus.htm (1132 words)

	The battle of Philippi
		The battle once begun they charged upon the army of Octavian, also, which was drawn up opposite, put it to flight, pursued it to the camp which Antony and Octavian had in common, and captured it.
		[§111] When Antony saw that battle was joined he was delighted because he had forced it, for he had been in trouble about his supplies he judged it inadvisable to turn again toward the plain, lest in making the evolution his ranks should be thrown into disorder.
		So he continued his charge, as he had begun it, on the run, and advanced under a shower of missiles, and forced his way till he struck the troop of Cassius which had not moved from its assigned position and which was amazed at this unexpected audacity.
	www.livius.org /phi-php/philippi/battle2.html (953 words)

	Important Dates in West Virginia
		This was the first monument erected to mark ownership in the state.
		This is considered by some to be the first Battle of the Revolution.
		He appointed Levi Daniel president of District 29 in southern West Virginia, the first African-American district president in the history of the UMW.
	www.wvtourism.com /spec.aspx?pgid=76 (1116 words)

	Hampden Latin
		Cassius and Brutus fortified a position at Philippi, which was close to the sea and their naval superiority.
		Antony's first actions were to build bridges in the marshes and outflanked Cassius's camp.
		At first the retreat was ordered, but under relentless pressure order eventually was lost, and confusion, congestion, and full-scale flight ensued.
	www.ha.sad22.us /BenJohnson/philippi.html (875 words)

	October
		First Battle of Philippi, 42 BCE, Brutus defeats Octavian while Antony defeats Cassius.
		Battle of Avausio, 105 BCE, Mallius Maximus defeated by the Cimbri.
		Battle of Zama, 202 BCE, Cornelius Scipio defeats Hannibal.
	www.religioromana.net /calendar/calendar-october.htm (975 words)

	Philippi Bridge
		The Philippi Covered Bridge dates back to 1852, when the General Assembly of Virginia authorized the construction of the Beverly to Fairmont Tumpike.
		In Philippi, the western section of the village abuts sharply against steep slopes.
		The battle, while it was the first land battle of the Civil War, was only a minor action.
	www.fortunecity.com /victorian/museum/63/battles/west/philippi.html (733 words)

	Encyclopedia: October 3 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Sophie Treadwell (October 3, 1885 – February 20, 1970), was a leading female playwright and American journalist of the first half of the 20th century.
		Events February 27 - Battle of Ancrum Moor - Scots victory over superior English forces December 13 - Official opening of the Council of Trent (closed 1563) Battle of Kawagoe - between two branches of Uesugi families and the late Hojo clan in Japan.
		Categories: Days January is the first month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/October-3 (8149 words)

	GORP - Civil War Auto Tour - West Virginia
		The first land battle of the Civil War was fought in West Virginia.
		Philippi - First land Battle of the Civil War.
		On June 3, 1861 the first land battle of the Civil War occurred at the Philippi covered bridge.
	gorp.away.com /gorp/activity/byway/wv_monon.htm (2448 words)

	Via Egnatia At Philippi, Greece \| Mark Antony \| Brutus \| Cassius (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Philippi was the site of one of the most decisive battles in world history.
		Two battles were fought at Philippi and Brutus and Cassius were soundly defeated.
		Paul's preaching in Philippi resulted in the conversion of Lydia and her household, and the conversion of the Philippian jailor and his household.
	www.padfield.com /2003/via-egnatia.html (156 words)

	Battle Summary: Philippi, WV
		Battle Summary: Philippi, WV = 3) document.images['one'].src = '../abppgraphics/abppbl1.gif';" onMouseOut ="if (navigator.appVersion.substring(0,1) >= 3) document.
		Kelley marched on back roads from near Grafton on June 2 to reach the rear of the town, while Dumont moved south from Webster.
		Although a small affair, this was considered the first major land action in the Eastern Theater.
	www.cr.nps.gov /hps/abpp/battles/wv001.htm (155 words)

	CliffsNotes::Julius Caesar:Book Summary and Study Guide
		Calphurnia The wife of Julius Caesar; she urges him to stay at home on the day of the assassination because of the unnatural events of the previous night as well her prophetic dream in which Caesar’s body is a fountain of blood.
		Brutus defeats Octavius’ forces in the first battle at Philippi, but loses the second battle and commits suicide rather than be taken prisoner.
		He is defeated by Antony at the first battle of Philippi, and he commits suicide when he mistakenly believes that Brutus has been defeated.
	www.cliffsnotes.com /WileyCDA/LitNote/id-43,pageNum-6.html (549 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Philippi
		Philip of Macedonia took possession of it, and gave it his name, Philippi in the plural, as there were different sections of the town scattered at the foot of Mount Pangæus.
		When St. Ignatius of Antioch and the martyrs Zosimus and Rufus were passing through Philippi, St. Ignatius told the Christians of that town to send a letter of congratulation to the faithful of Antioch.
		In 1619, after a violent dispute with the Metropolitan of Drama, Clement, the titular of Philippi, got permission to assume the title of Drama also, and this was retained by the Metropolitan of Philippi until after 1721, when it was suppressed and the metropolis of Drama alone continued.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12007c.htm (558 words)

	Brutus (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		After the disaster of the battle of Pharsalus, Brutus wrote Caesar with apologies and was forgiven immediately.
		The First Battle of Philippi, in October 3, does not produce a decisive result.
		October 23 - Second Battle of Philippi – his army is decisively defeated; Brutus escapes, but commits suicide soon after
	usapedia.com /b/brutus.html (740 words)

	welcome (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		The site of the first land battle of the Civil War, the town contains many reminders of its beginnings as the county seat of Barbour County, Virginia.
		Philippi offers good schools, churches, recreational facilities, a public library, hospital and clinics, a modern motel, a bed and breakfast, fine restaurants, three banks, and a variety of businesses.
		Philippi is located on U.S. Routes 119 and 250, less than a two-hour drive from Ohio, Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland borders.
	www.philippi.org /welcome.htm (202 words)

	The battle of Philippi
		In October 42 BCE, two Roman armies approached each other near Philippi: Brutus and Cassius, the assassins of Julius Caesar and defenders of the Roman republic, arrived from the east, and a bit later, the triumvirs Marc Antony and Octavian arrived from the west, wishing to avenge the murder of Caesar.
		This was more than just a battle between rival factions: it was about the future of the republic.
		When they had done all that they intended and Octavian had arrived (for, although he was not yet strong enough for a battle, he could be carried along the ranks reclining in a litter), he and Antony prepared for battle forthwith.
	www.livius.org /phi-php/philippi/battle1.html (1287 words)

	Philippi (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-21)
		Philippi (formerly Crenides, "the fountain") was the capital of the province of Macedonia.
		Philip II of Macedon fortified the old Thracian town of Crenides, and called it after his own name "Philippi".
		In the time of the Emperor Augustus this city became a Roman colony, i.e., a military settlement of Roman soldiers, there planted for the purpose of controlling the district recently conquered.
	www.yotor.com /wiki/en/ph/Philippi.htm (246 words)

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