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	Second Battle of the Atlantic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Second Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign of World War II, running from 1939 right through to the defeat of Nazi Germany in 1945, and was at its height from mid-1940 through to about the end of 1943.
		The naval battle pitted Nazi Germany's U-boats against convoys from North America to the United Kingdom, protected mainly by the British and Canadian navies and air forces, which were later aided by United States forces.
		The U-boat fleet, which was to dominate so much of the battle of the Atlantic, was very small at the beginning of the war and much of the early action by German forces involved mining convoy routes and ports around Britain.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Battle_of_the_Atlantic_(1940) (4415 words)

	Second happy time - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The second happy time was a phase in the Second Battle of the Atlantic during which Axis submarines attacked to the east and south-east of the United States.
		The lessons of the First Battle of the Atlantic were plain, and British experience in the first two years of World War II confirmed them: ships sailing in convoy—with or without escort— were far safer than ships sailing alone.
		When the first wave U-boats returned to port in early February, Dönitz wrote that the commander "had such an abundance of opportunities for attack that he could not by any means utilise them all: there were times when there were up to ten ships in sight, sailing with all lights burning on peacetime courses".
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Second_happy_time (1468 words)

	Encyclopedia: First Battle of the Atlantic
		Royal Navy warships in the The North Sea is a sea of the Atlantic Ocean, located between the coasts of Norway and Denmark in the east, the coast of the British Isles in the west, and the German, Dutch, Belgian and French coasts in the south.
		She was also the first large warship to be powered by steam turbines, making her the fastest warship of her size.
		Lieutenant Otto Hersing, who had drawn first blood in the submarine war by sinking The light cruiser HMS Pathfinder had the unhappy distinction of being the first ship ever to be sunk by a torpedo fired by submarine.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/First-Battle-of-the-Atlantic (15612 words)

	Battle of the Atlantic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Battle of the Atlantic can refer to either of two naval campaigns, depending on context:
		A Third Battle of the Atlantic was envisioned to be be part of any Third World War that arose out of the Cold War.
		Trans-Atlantic convoys would have to be protected from the Soviet Navy and as a result, the Royal Navy and the U.S. Navy developed anti-submarine warfare capabilities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Battle_of_the_Atlantic (166 words)

	Convoy - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The fear of battleships was the main reason for the British Admiralty not adopting convoy at the start of the first Battle of the Atlantic in World War I.
		The course of the second Battle of the Atlantic was a long struggle as the Germans found tactics that would work against convoys and the British developed counter-tactics to thwart the Germans.
		The enormous number of vessels involved and the frequency of engagements meant that statistical techniques could be applied to evaluate tactics: this was a significant early use of operational research in war.
	www.kernersville.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Convoy (1078 words)

	Atlantic
		Unlike other battles of World War II where opposing naval forces slugged it out with heavy guns, aircraft, and bombs in definite short, furious engagements, the Battle of the Atlantic was a never-ending series of minor skirmishes between hunter and hunted.
		Although the worst of the Atlantic battle was in the northern latitudes, German submarines ranged over thousands of miles of ocean, from the Arctic Circle into the lonely reaches of the Atlantic south of the Equator.
		In the first excitement of battle, everyone around the stern gun was talking at once, but as machine-gun bullets sent a sailor reeling against the splinter shield with blood streaming from his chest they fell silent.
	www.armed-guard.com /ag77.html (10490 words)

	Q-ship - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In the First Battle of the Atlantic, by 1915, Britain was in desperate need for a countermeasure against the U-boats that were strangling her sea-lanes.
		The first victory of a Q-ship occurred on July 24, 1915, when was sunk by, commanded by Lieutenant Mark Wardlaw RN.
		As well as the ships, this term may also be reinforced from the United Kingdom's system of registration plate numbering - the first symbol on a British plate is a letter code for the year of manufacture, but for vehicles of uncertain or mixed age, a plate beginning with "Q" is used.
	www.northmiami.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Q-ship (970 words)

	ipedia.com: First Battle of the Atlantic Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The First battle of the Atlantic was a naval campaign of World War I, largely fought in the seas around the British Isles and in the Atlantic Ocean.
		Campbell's coolness was demonstrated in one of the most dramatic sea battles of the war, on August 8, 1917.
		Lieutenant Lothar von Arnauld de la Periere sank the last ship to be destroyed by a U-boat in the war on October 1, 1918, when he was in command of the U-139, one of the big "U-cruiser" boats.
	www.ipedia.com /first_battle_of_the_atlantic.html (9233 words)

	Second Battle of the Atlantic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Finally, the rigourous training of numerous new naval personnel by such officers as Gilbert Stephenson has also been cited as a factor in providing crews who were well prepared for the demands of the battle.
		This began when the US joined the war, by declaring war against Japan after the surprise attack at Pearl Harbor.
		Battle of the Atlantic exhibition at Merseyside Maritime Museum
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Atlantic (4508 words)

	Maritime Topics On Stamps, Atlantic Battle
		The Battle of the Atlantic in WW II.
		A gigantic battle was fought on the high seas the ‘Battle of the Atlantic’ during the years 1940 to 1945.
		The ‘Battle of the Atlantic’ was a series of many deadly engagements covering some four million square miles of ocean and lasting five long years.
	www.shipsonstamps.org /Topics/html/konvoi.htm (2167 words)

	Atlantic, Battle of the -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The first phase of the ensuing battle for the Atlantic lasted until the fall of France in June 1940.
		The battle arose out of an attempt by the British fleet under Earl Howe to intercept a grain convoy from the United States that was being escorted into...
		The first Europeans effectively to break into the Portuguese monopoly of sea trade with western Africa were the Dutch, who had been some of the principal distributors in...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9010097?tocId=9010097 (1032 words)

	World War 2 - Timelines - War at Sea - Battle of the Atlantic - 1942
		Their first victim is the 9,000 ton British steamer Cyclops which is sunk by U-123 (Kptlt.
		This is the first success of the war by a US warship against a U-boat.
		While the battle rages, the allies re-route all convoys associated with the 'Torch' landings in North Africa.
	www.worldwar-2.net /timelines/war-at-sea/atlantic/battle-of-the-atlantic-index-1942.htm (2510 words)

	World War 2 - Timelines - War at Sea - Battle of the Atlantic - 1939
		She was the first Royal Naval destroyer lost in the war.
		In the south Atlantic, the pocket battleship Admiral Graf Spee, fights an action against three British cruisers, HMS Achilles, HMS Ajax and HMS Exeter, which results in serious damage to both sides.
		HMS Exeter is rendered a blazing hulk and the Graf Spee withdraws to the neutral Uruguayan port of Montevideo for repairs.
	www.worldwar-2.net /timelines/war-at-sea/atlantic/battle-of-the-atlantic-index-1939.htm (935 words)

	boa (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		lthough not termed the Battle of the Atlantic until after 1940, the naval war in the Atlantic was the longest single campaign of the war.
		The cutters' first North Atlantic victory came when the Ingham, under the command of CDR George E. McCabe, located a submerged U-boat while screening ahead of Convoy SC-112 the night of Dec. 17, 1942.
		The first to begin open-ocean convoy duty was the CGC Campbell, when it joined the escort force for convoy HX-159 in November 1941.
	www.onthenet.com.au /~biss/boa.htm (2975 words)

	Atlantic News Telegraph: Unbeaten teams in District 8? You can forget about the Titans
		Atlantic jumped out to a 10-0 lead and built momentum as the game wore on, ultimately downing unbeaten Lewis Central 31-10 in what has to be their most convincing victory of this season.
		Atlantic first got on the board with 10:40 remaining in the second quarter as James Beck converted a field goal from 15 yards out.
		The drive was the first of an encouraging trend that developed in the second half as Atlantic would respond in full every time Lewis Central would make any sort of progress.
	www.atlanticnewstelegraph.com /articles/2005/10/03/news/sports/sportsaatitans.txt (826 words)

	atlantic
		The Battle of the Atlantic played a very significant part in World War Two.
		In World War Two, after the escape at Dunkirk and the inspiration of the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic was Britain's next nightmare.
		German submarines had direct access to the Atlantic once France had fallen in the spring of 1940.
	www.historylearningsite.co.uk /atlantic.htm (854 words)

	WarMuseum.ca - Democracy at War - The Battle of the Atlantic - Operations (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Battle of the Atlantic was the struggle between the
		It was the longest campaign of the Second World War, an extremely bloody one, and the single battle on which the whole outcome of the war depended.
		U-boat" fleet, however, was able to overwhelm the small number of anti-submarine warships available in the first years of the war.
	www.warmuseum.ca /cwm/newspapers/operations/atlantic_e.html (407 words)

	WarMuseum.ca - Military History - The Royal Canadian Navy and the Battle of the Atlantic, 1939-1945 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest campaign of the Second World War and the most important.
		Halifax, the Atlantic base of Canada's tiny navy, immediately became an indispensable Allied port from which to fight the Battle of the Atlantic.
		HX-1, the first of the hundreds of convoys that would cross the Atlantic during the Second World War, sailed from Halifax on 16 September 1939.
	www.warmuseum.ca /cwm/disp/dis007_e.html (2353 words)

	WWII U.S. Submarine War in the Pacific Ship's Store- VHS Videos and DVD's (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The first volume of Clay Blair's magisterial, highly praised narrative history of the German submarine war against Allied shipping in World War II, The Hunters, 1939-1942, described the Battle of the Atlantic waged first against the British Empire and then against the Americas.
		Amid the riveting accounts of battles at sea in Volume I, military historian Blair, who served on an American submarine in the Pacific against Japan, postulates that the German U-boat peril in the Atlantic has been "vastly overblown" in previously published histories and memoirs of that naval struggle, as well as in films.
		It was the first time that an enemy ship of war had been captured on the high seas by U.S. Navy sailors since 1815, when the USS Peacock seized HMS Nautilus as part of the War of 1812.
	www.battlebelow.com /bookstore2.htm (2633 words)

	BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Sir Dudley Pound, the First Sea Lord, was more succinct: If we lose the war at sea, he said, we lose the war.
		In Battle of the Atlantic, Marc Milner, Professor of History at the University of New Brunswick and the author of several books including North Atlantic Run and The U-boat Hunters, argues that victory at sea was never within Germanys grasp.
		Based on the latest research, Milner dismisses the conventional view that the Allies were unprepared for the Atlantic war, and notes that they proved superior on all fronts from sheer industrial production to intelligence, equipment, operational research, and command and control.
	www.espritdecorps.ca /new_page_135.htm (323 words)

	World War II> Battles & Main Events > 1939 and 1940 > Battle For the Atlantic
		In the first four months of the war 221 ships of more than 750,000 tons were sunk.
		He first fired four torpedoes at the battleship.; Only one hit, that one doing most of its damage above the waterline.
		The war in the Atlantic would go on, but victory was in the hands of the Allies.
	www.multied.com /ww2/events/BattleForTheAtlantic.html (395 words)

	MilitaryHistoryOnline.com - The Battle of the Atlantic
		There are a large number of web sites dealing with various aspects of the Battle of the Atlantic, notably U-boats.
		Pending the anticipated release later this year by SSI of "Silent Hunter II" and "Destroyer Command", there are not currently many Battle of the Atlantic simulations.
		Sierra's "Aces of the Deep" still has some interest, and SPI's excellent solitaire boardgame "Wolfpack", dealing with the climatic convoy battles of spring 1943, has recently been released as a PC game by www.decisiongames.com For surface actions, SSI's "Fighting Steel", though disappointingly limited by not including any provision for air operations, is good.
	www.militaryhistoryonline.com /wwii/atlantic/links.aspx (335 words)

	[1.0] The First Battle Of The Atlantic
		The U-boat was moving at top speed on the surface at 01:00 PM when Schwieger spotted a vessel on the horizon.
		One, the Northern Barrage, included 70,000 mines and ran from the Orkneys to Norway, in principle blocking access to the North Atlantic, though in practice the mines were too widely scattered to be very effective.
		On 6 December 1917, depth charges scored their first U-boat kill when the destroyer HMS LLEWELLYN sank the "UC-19" in the Dover Straits.
	www.vectorsite.net /twsub2_1.html (9137 words)

	Powell's Books - Escort: The Battle of the Atlantic (Classics of Naval Literature) by D A Rayner
		He spent the majority of his time in the North Atlantic participating in the longest battle of WWII, the campaign to protect Allied merchant shipping from all forms of German and Italian attack.
		While his account is a rarity, as few escort commanders published accounts of their experiences, most material was recollected 10 years after the events, with no access to official documents.
		This highly acclaimed firsthand account of convoy escort operations in the North Atlantic from 1939 to 1945 is based on Rayner's astonishing war record.
	www.powells.com /biblio?isbn=1557506965 (438 words)

	Navy News - News Desk - News - Veterans to commemorate the Battle of the Atlantic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was the longest running campaign of World War II and the first encounter took place within 24 hours of the declaration of war with the sinking of SS Athenia bound from Liverpool to Canada via Belfast.
		The Battle, which kept open the supply of men, food and raw materials, was essential to Britain's survival and Liverpool played a crucial role with more than 1,000 convoys using the port.
		The 58th commemoration of the Battle is due to take place over the weekend of May 5 and 6 and the senior Royal Navy officer in attendance will be Flag Officer Scotland, Northern England and Northern Ireland, Rear Admiral Derek Anthony.
	www.navynews.co.uk /articles/2001/0104/0001041901.asp (509 words)

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