First Buddhist Council

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Topic: First Buddhist Council

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	Buddhist Councils - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The fourth Buddhist council was convened by the Kushan emperor
		Theravada Buddhism does not recognize the authenticity of this council, and it is sometimes called the "council of heretical monks".
		It is said that during the council, there were all together three hundred thousand verses and over nine million statements compiled, and that it took twelve years to complete.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Buddhist_Councils

	CHRONOLOGY OF THE PALI CANON
		Turning at last to the Cullavagga account of the first Buddhist council, it will be a mistake to suppose that the account as we have it in the Cullavagga is as old as the time of the counci1 itself.
		Omitting the 75 sekhiya rules the total of the Patimokkha precepts of conduct would come up to 152, If the theras of the first Buddhist Council had in their view a Patimokkha code in which the 75 Sekhiya rules had no place, the total of precepts in the code recognised by them was 152.
		If we can at all depend for chronology on the information supplied by Dhammapala, the anthologies of Thera-Theri-gatha must be taken as compilations that had received their final shape at the Third Buddhist Council and not before.
	www.saigon.com /~anson/ebud/ebsut053.htm

	Buddhism in a Nutshell - The Third & Fourth Councils
		The Chairman of the Council was Moggaliputta Tissa, the Buddhist Master of the nation.
		However, in the third century B.C. during the time of King Ashoka (about 235 years after the death of Shakyamuni Buddha), the Third Council was held to discuss the differences of opinion in both the Vinaya and the Dharma.
		As there were one thousand Bhiksus participating in the council, the Third Council was also known as "the Gathering of 1,000 Bhiksus".
	www.buddhistdoor.com /passissue/9709/sources/teach39.htm

	New Light of Myanmar,Article
		In fact, the main objectives of holding the First Great Buddhist Council through the Sixth Great Buddhist Council were to purify, perpetuate, propagate and preserve the Buddha Sasana in the Universe.
		We all Buddhists heartily know that altogether six great Buddhist Councils leading and contributing to the purification, perpetuation and propagation of the Buddha Sasana were convened after the noble demise of the Gotama Buddha over 2,500 years ago.
		Altogether Six Buddhist Councils throughout our age were held to establish the unity of the Sangha of All Orders so long as the Buddha Sasana exists.
	www.myanmar.com /nlm/article/Mar24b.htm

	General Distribution of the Sabbath-keeping Churches (No. 122)
		23) the Kushan Dynasty of North India, called a council of Buddhist priests at Vaisalia, to bring uniformity among the Buddhist monks on the observance of their weekly Sabbath.
		The French system of Church government, despite Waldo, was episcopal, whereas the Italian was presbyterian, being comprised of a Church government of a council, with a head pastor and a council of laymen.
		A Council for the Propagation of the Faith was established at Turin.
	www.ccg.org /english/s/p122.html

	Religion, Television & the Info. Superhwy - Waymark Press - Robert Lewis Shayon
		There are Jaina conventions and regional Buddhist councils.
		The recent fierce struggle in the European Economic Council to protect their market from "other" (read: American imports) may have been wise men trying to keep a ship from sinking; ironically, in our example, even though they didn't need America, they wanted the assurance that the product was commercial by American standards.
		AZIZAH Y. izah al-Hibri is president of Karamah: A Muslim Women's Lawyers Committee for Human Rights, a member of the Advisory Board of the American Muslim Council and a President of the Parliament of the World's Religions.
	www.waymarkpress.com /religion2.html

	Sthaviravada - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The two groups separated during the 2nd Buddhist Council at Pataliputra around 350 BCE.
		"The Elders" referred to Buddha 500 immediate disciples who had attained Arahantship (Enlightenment), they held the First Council, and unanimously decided not to modify any of Buddha Vinaya and Dhamma.
		Sanskrit forms of the same word meaning "elder"), there is no historical evidence that the Theravada school arose until around two centuries after the Great Schism which occurred at the Council of Pataliputra" ("Oxford Dictionary of Buddhism, Damien KEOWN, 2003).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Sthaviravada

	History of Buddhism in India
		The 5th Buddhist Council was held from 1868 to 1871 in Mandalay, Burma where the text of the Pali Canon was revised and inscribed on 729 marble slabs.
		The Fourth Buddhist Council was held under the auspices of King Kaniska at Jalandhar or in Kashmir around 100 CE, where 499 monks of the Sarvastivadin school compiled a new canon.
		As the members of the Council were unable to agree as to what constituted the minor rules, Maha Kassapa finally ruled that no disciplinary rule laid down by the Buddha should be changed, and no new ones should be introduced.
	buddhism.kalachakranet.org /india.html

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Religious Life
		The authoritative interpretation of the disciplinary decrees of the Council of Trent gave the Congregation of the Council a power over regulars, which it used largely before the nineteenth century; but at present its authority is limited to the secular clergy.
		Religious orders are exempt from episcopal jurisdiction, and in spite of exceptions to this privilege, created by the Council of Trent and later, the exemption remains the rule and the exception must be proved.
		Moreover, not every doctrine or practice of a false religion is necessarily erroneous or reprehensible; there may be great nobility of character among Buddhist monks or Mussulman dervishes, as there may be faults sullying the monastic or religious habits worn in the true Church.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/12748b.htm

	Simhanada --- The Three Buddhist Councils --Thrangu Rinpoche
		The purpose of this First Council was to make sure that all the immaculate words of the Buddha would be preserved in their purity and wouldn’t be lost.
		And that is why the council had to come to the conclusion that each of these eighteen sections of shravakas were all correct in their line of thought and that the teachings that they were following were all the teachings of Buddha Shakyamuni.
		We can say that after the Third Council was over, all of the Buddha’s teachings were finally written down and corrected; so that from that point onwards there could be no distortion, no misinterpretation, or any alteration of the Buddha’s true teaching.
	www.simhas.org /teaching31.html

	Tibetan Buddhists denied opportunity to assemble for worship
		The City Council of Escondido, CA, determined yesterday evening that a small group of Tibetan Buddhists — who fled their homeland to escape religious persecution — could not use their property as a meditation center.
		As many secular-but-similar assembly uses were previously approved by the Planning Commission, the Becket Fund also addressed the unequal treatment of nonreligious and religious land uses in its letter to the Council.
		By a 3-2 vote, and over the Mayor’s objections, the City Council upheld the Planning Commission’s May 2004 decision to deny the congregation’s application for a conditional use permit (CUP).
	www.becketfund.org /index.php/article/241.html (438 words)

	Adherents.com
		To settle the various debates about Christianity the Council of Nicaea was held in 325 AD: The Council established the Nicene Creed in which Father and Son, part of the Trinity, were 'identical in essence'.
		The doctrine of the Athanasian party was adopted by the Council of Nicaea in 325 AD.
		Instead she received SPIRITUALIST communications promising the return of CHRIST in the form of the Buddhist BODHISATTVA MAITREYA.
	www.adherents.com /Na/Na_33.html (438 words)

	myanmar-2004conf-N.php
		Yangon, Myanmar -- Secretary-1 of the State Peace and Development Council General Khin Nyunt took part in the discussions to host the Fourth World Buddhist Summit in Myanmar at International Theravada Buddhist Missionary University here this afternoon.
		He said the First World Buddhist Summit was held in Japan in 1998; the Second in Thailand in 2000; and the Third in Cambodia in 2002.
		Also present were Yangon Division Peace and Development Council Chairman Commander Maj-Gen Myint Swe, ministers, deputy ministers, the Vice-Mayor, officials of the State Peace and Development Council Office and heads of department.
	www.buddhistnews.tv /current/myanmar-2004conf-N.php (438 words)

	Pakistan
		Kanishka is renowed in Buddhist tradition for having convened a great Buddhist council in Kashmir.
		The assassination of Brhadrata and the rise of the Sunga empire led to a wave of decline of Buddhists, and a resurgence of Hinduism.
		The interaction of Greek and Buddhist cultures continued over several centuries until it ended in the 5th century CE with the invasions of the White Huns, and later the expansion of Islam.
	www.worldhistory.com /wiki/P/Pakistan.htm (7663 words)

	2590YEARS OF BUDDHISM
		The Fifth Council was convened at Mandalay in Myanmar on the first waning day of Tazaungmone, 1232 Myanmar Era, 2415 B.E (November, 1871).
		In the 8th century, the Buddhist Sri-Vijaya dynasty was responsible for elegant Buddhist shrines as those of Dieng Plateau (Java) and the dignified structure as the stupa of Borobudur (Java).
		It was one of the major Buddhist centres from the second century up to the time that Islam entered the valley in the ninth century.
	web.ukonline.co.uk /buddhism/2589year.htm (7663 words)

	History of Buddhism, the Buddhist councils
		The four Buddhist councils can be considered as the four mile stones in the history of Buddhism.
		The second Buddhist council was said to have been held at Vaisali about a hundred years after the Buddha's death.
		The Fourth Buddhist Council was organized in Kashmir under the patronage of Kanishka.
	www.hinduwebsite.com /buddhism/buddhistcouncils.htm (7663 words)

	Buddhist Studies: Theravada Buddhism, Bangladesh
		After the Great Demise of Lord Buddha, the First Buddhist Council was held in Rajagaha under the patronage of King Ajatasatru to preserve the teachings of Lord Buddha for the years to come.
		The Second Buddhist Council was held at Vaisali during the reign of King Kalasoka one hundred years after the Parinibana of the Lord Buddha.
		From the 7th to 12th centuries the Mahayana sect found a golden era in Bangladesh, great Buddhist monasteries in Paharpur, Somapura, Jagaddal, Vikrampur, Pattikeraha were established.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/buddhistworld/bangladesh-txt.htm (7663 words)

	Buddhist Councils - Ven. Rewata Dhamma
		They are so designated because of the precedent set at the First Buddhist Council, when all the Teachings were recited first by an Elder of the Sangha and then chanted once again in chorus by all of the monks attending the assembly.
		These collective recitations which were performed by the monks at all these Buddhist Councils are known as the 'Dhamma Sangitis', the Dhamma Recitations.
		The Council was convened in 326 B.C. at Asokarama in Pataliputta.
	www.urbandharma.org /udharma/councils.html (7663 words)

	An article on Buddhist scriptures
		Buddhist Council as the chief commpiler of the comprehensive
		Buddhist Council was held in the capital, Mandalay.
		Buddhist scriptures since they were handed down by word of mouth for
	acl.arts.usyd.edu.au /~hudson/buddhism_2.htm (7663 words)

	History of Buddhism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kushans were supportive of Buddhism, and a fourth Buddhist council was convened by the Kushan emperor Kanishka, around 100 CE at Jalandhar or in Kashmir, and is usually associated with the formal rise of Mahayana Buddhism and its scission from Theravada Buddhism.
		According to the Buddhist tradition, the historical Buddha Siddharta Gautama was born to the Shakya clan that belonged to the Hindu warrior caste (Kshatriya), at the beginning of the Magadha period (546–324 BCE), in the plains of Lumbini, Southern Nepal.
		The objective of the council was to record the Buddha's sayings (sutra) and codify monastic rules (vinaya): Ananda, one of the Buddha's main disciples and his cousin, was called upon to recite the discourses of the Buddha, and Upali, another disciple, recited the rules of the vinaya.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/History_of_Buddhism (7663 words)

	What's in Buddhism
		As you would have guessed, the primary aim of a Buddhist Council was to preserve and safeguard the originality of the Buddha's teachings.
		The 1st Buddhist Council took place 3 months after the passing away of the Buddha.
		Generally, it includes the Buddhist monks and nuns, who had made their commitments to lead a monastic way of life, and to carry on and preserve the teachings and tradition left behind by the Buddha.
	lionstate.tripod.com /buddhism.html (7663 words)

	Update on WBS: NLM - "W"BS Joint Statement
		The first three Buddhist Councils were held in India, the birthplace of Buddhism, and it was due to the last of these councils, i.e, the Third Buddhist Council, that Buddhism spread abroad.
		The Sixth Buddhist Council held here in this cave in 1956 was the first Buddhist conference in which Buddhist leaders from all the Theravada countries took a vital role in editing and restoring the Tipitaka to its original version.
		Following the Parinibbana of the Buddha, Buddhist Councils were held mainly to preserve the Buddha?s Dhamma in its pristine purity.
	qdn-b.blogspot.com /2004/12/nlm-wbs-joint-statement.html (7663 words)

	History of Buddhism - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Kushans were supportive of Buddhism, and a fourth Buddhist council was convened by the Kushan emperor Kanishka, around 100 CE at Jalandhar or in Kashmir, and is usually associated with the formal rise of Mahayana Buddhism and its scission from Theravada Buddhism.
		According to the Buddhist tradition, the historical Buddha Siddharta Gautama was born to the Shakya clan that belonged to the Hindu warrior caste (Kshatriya), at the beginning of the Magadha period (546–324 BCE), in the plains of Lumbini, Southern Nepal.
		The Buddhist art of the Mons was especially influenced by the Indian art of the Gupta and post-Gupta periods, and their mannerist style spread widely in South-East Asia following the expansion of the Mon kingdom between the 5th and 8th centuries.
	www.bucyrus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/History_of_Buddhism (7663 words)

	Buddhism in Australia
		THE BUDDHIST COUNCIL OF Shrine in the Office of the Buddhist Council of New South Wales
		Buddhist News from BBC sources throughout the world.
		BCNSW is a Regional Centre of the WFB
	www.buddhistcouncil.org (212 words)

	Timeline of Buddhist History: Major Events
		The Buddhist Canon as it exist today was settled at this Council and preserved as an oral tradition.
		• King Kaniska (78-101) convened the Fourth Buddhist Council at Jalandhar or in Kashmir around 100 C.E. (This is not recognized by the Theravadins).
		They enjoyed imperial favour and stayed on to translate various Buddhist Texts, one of which, The 'Sutra of Forty-two Sections' continues to be popular even today.
	www.buddhanet.net /e-learning/history/b_chron-txt.htm (1217 words)

	Sabbath in History
		COUNCIL OF FRIAUL, ITALY-A.D. "We command all Christians to observe the Lord's day to be held not in honour of the past Sabbath, but on account of that holy night of the first of the week called the Lord's day.
		The Kushan Dynasty of North India called a famous council of Buddhist priests at Vaisalia to bring uniformity among the Buddhist monks on the observance of their weekly Sabbath.
		"From the apostles' time until the council of Laodicea, which was about the year 364, the holy observance of the Jews' Sabbath continued, as may be proved out of many authors: yea, notwithstanding the decree of the council against it." "Sunday a Sabbath." John Ley, p.163.
	www.temcat.com /sabbath_in_history.htm (6743 words)

	Chinese religious leaders call for crack down on cults, Falun Gong
		Also speaking at today's symposium were Jamyang Losang Jigme Tubdain Qoigyi Nyima, a vice-chairman of the Buddhist Association of China, Han Wenzao, chairman of the China Christian Council, Min Zhiting, chairman of the China Daoist Association, Chen Guangyuan, chairman of the Islamic Association of China, and Cao Shengjie, a vice-chairman of the China Christian Council.
		Master Shenghui, a vice-chairman of the Buddhist Association of China, said the Falun Gong cult is by nature against science, mankind, the government, society, world peace and the fortunes of human beings.
		Beijing, 16th August: Leaders of major religions in China today denounced Falun Gong for stealing Buddhist and papist phrases to spread its fallacies and defame these religions, and urged the authorities to crack down on this cult and others.
	www.rickross.com /reference/fa_lun_gong/falun186.html (390 words)

	Skeptic Tank Text Archive File
		ibc.htm INTERRACIAL BUDDHIST COUNCIL Study, Action, and Support Background and Purpose The Interracial Buddhist Council is a group of Buddhist practitioners from a variety of traditions who are committed to
		marriage.htm A HAPPY MARRIED LIFE A Buddhist Perspective by Dr. K.
		A Cherokee woman, a "medicine woman", and also a Tibetan Buddhist, has stated that at the end of the Mayan cale
	www.skepticfiles.org /mys3 (390 words)

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In the News (Sat 26 Dec 09)