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	b. The First Bulgarian Empire. 2001. The Encyclopedia of World History
		Sevar, during whose reign the peace with the empire was maintained.
		Until the very end of his reign he maintained peace with the empire, until further domestic disorders gave the signal for Byzantine attacks (from 755 on).
		He was defeated at Anchialus by the Byzantines (763) and put to death by the Bulgarians.
	www.bartleby.com /67/439.html (323 words)

	First Bulgarian Empire - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681 AD in the lands near the Danube delta and disintegrated in 1018 AD by annexion to the Byzantine Empire.
		According to an alternative theory, the alphabet was devised at the Ohrid Literary School by Saint Climent of Ohrid, a Bulgarian scholar and disciple of Cyril and Methodius.
		Under Peter I and Boris II the country was divided by the egalitarian religious heresy of the Bogomils, and distracted by wars with the Hungarians to the north and the breakaway state of Serbia to the west.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Bulgarian_Empire (1730 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Bulgarian Empire (, Balgarsko tsarstvo) is a term used to describe two periods in the medieval history of Bulgaria, during which it acted as a key regional power in Europe in general and in Southeastern Europe in particular, often rivalling Byzantium.
		The First Bulgarian Empire was established as a result of an expansion of Old Great Bulgaria to the territory south of Danube River, and is usually described as having lasted between 681 (when its existence was acknowledged by Byzantium by means of a peace treaty) and 1018, when it was subjugated by the Byzantine Empire.
		The medieval Bulgarian state was restored as the Second Bulgarian Empire after a successful uprising of two nobles from Tarnovo, Asen and Peter, in 1185, and existed until it was conquered during the Ottoman invasion of the Balkans in the late 14th century, with the date of its subjugation usually given as 1396.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=Bulgarian_Empire (293 words)

	History of Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The history of Bulgaria as a separate country began in the 7th century with the arrival of the Bulgars and the foundation of the First Bulgarian Empire together with the local seven Slavic tribes, a union recognized by Byzantium in 681.
		The Bulgarian Orthodox Patriarchate was restored in 1235 with approval of all eastern Patriarchates, thus putting an end to the union with the Papacy.
		In 1870 a Bulgarian Exarchate was created by a Sultan edict, and the first Bulgarian Exarch (Antim I) became the natural leader of the emerging nation.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/History_of_Bulgaria (3172 words)

	NationMaster - Encyclopedia: First Bulgarian Empire
		The First Bulgarian Empire was founded in 681 AD in the lands near the Danube delta and disintegrated in 1018 AD by annexion to the Byzantine Empire.
		The Patriarch of Constantinople is the Ecumenical Patriarch, the first among equals in the Eastern Orthodox Communion.
		Under Peter I and Boris II the country was divided by the egalitarian religious heresy of the Bogomils, and distracted by wars with the Hungarians to the north and the breakaway state of Serbia to the west.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/First-Bulgarian-Empire (5204 words)

	Bulgaria - Encyclopedia.com
		The first Bulgarian empire (681-1018), established by Khan Asparuhk, or Isperikh (ruled 680-701), and his successor, Terrel (ruled 701-718), soon emerged as a significant Balkan power and a threat to Byzantium.
		Alexander (Alexander of Battenberg), first prince of Bulgaria, annexed Eastern Rumelia in 1885 and repulsed a consequent Serbian attack.
		Bulgaria was victorious against Turkey in the first (1911-12) of the Balkan Wars, but claims to Macedonia involved it in the Second Balkan War with its former allies Greece and Serbia, and it was soon defeated.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-Bulgaria.html (3035 words)

	THE MEDIÆVAL SERBIAN EMPIRE
		During the first of these periods the only serious resistance to the Byzantine hegemony of the Balkan peninsula was offered by the Bulgarians, a Finnish, or, according to others, Tartar tribe, which entered it in 679, and became gradually absorbed in the Slavonic population, which it had conquered.
		Two powerful Bulgarian monarchs, Krum and the Tsar Symeon, in 8I3 and 9I3 threatened the very existence of Constantinople, as did the Tsar Ferdinand in 1913; and Krum was wont to pledge his nobles out of the silver-set skull of the Greek Emperor Nikephoros I, whom he had slain in battle.
		First, however, two envoys were sent to report, and the Empress specially charged one of them to let her know what sort of a family it was into which her daughter was about to marry.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/MillSerb.html (4883 words)

	Bulgaria - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Bulgarian empire was a significant European power in the 9th and the 10th century, while fighting with the Byzantine Empire for the control of the Balkans.
		The Bulgarian state was crushed by an assault by the Rus' in 969 and completely subdued by a determined Byzantine assault under Basil II in 1018.
		Bulgarian, is the mother-tongue of 84.8% of the population; it is a member of the Slavic languages.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Bulgaria (2764 words)

	Spartanburg SC \| GoUpstate.com \| Spartanburg Herald-Journal
		The First Bulgarian Empire was a medieval Bulgarian state founded in AD 681 in the lands near the Danube Delta and disintegrated in AD 1018 after its annexation to the Byzantine Empire.
		In Nominalia of the Bulgarian khans, a late copy of an ancient document, is written that the first ruler of the Bulgars was Avitohol and the second Irnik.
		Between 804 and 806 the Bulgarian armies thouroughly eliminated the Avar Khanate and a border with the Frankish Empire was established along the middle Danube.
	www.goupstate.com /apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=NEWS&template=wiki&text=First_Bulgarian_Empire (2799 words)

	Bulgaria - MSN Encarta
		The Bulgarian armies were decisively defeated by the Serbs in 1330, and for the next quarter century the second empire was little more than a dependency of Serbia.
		With the revival of a Bulgarian literature glorifying the history of the country, in the latter half of the 18th century and the early part of the 19th century, Bulgarian nationalism became a powerful movement.
		Elected by a Bulgarian assembly in 1879, the first prince of the new Bulgaria was a German, Alexander of Battenberg, also a prince and a nephew of Emperor Alexander II of Russia.
	encarta.msn.com /encyclopedia_761556147_8/Bulgaria.html (1137 words)

	The First Bulgarian Empire, Bulgaria History
		The first Bulgarian empire (681–1018), established by Khan Asparuhk, or Isperikh (ruled 680–701), and his successor, Tervel (ruled 701–718), soon emerged as a significant Balkan power and a threat to the East Roman empire (Byzantium).
		On 18 March 681, the Roman emperor departed the Council to destroy the Bulgarian settlement at the delta of Danube, pretending that this violated the wholeness of the empire.
		Among domestic sources on the foundation of the Bulgarian state the most important is the Book of the Bulgarian Khans - the first Bulgarian chronicle, compiled at two different times: initially during the rule of the founder of the Bulgarian state Khan Asparouh (680-701), and during the second half of the eighth century.
	www.megaone.com /nbulgaria/bulgaria/history1.htm (3361 words)

	Early Settlement and Empire - Bulgarian Reformation - Bringing the Reformation to Bulgaria!
		The first known civilization to dominate the territory of present-day Bulgaria was that of the Thracians, an Indo-European group.
		The immigration of the first Bulgars overlapped that of the Slavs in the seventh century.
		The First Bulgarian Empire was able to defeat the Byzantine Empire in 811 and expand its territory eastward to the Black Sea, south to include Macedonia, and northwest to present-day Belgrade (see fig.
	bulrefsite.entrewave.com /view/bulrefsite/s129p135.htm (1519 words)

	Bulgarian History and Culture
		During the reign of Simeon's successors, Bulgaria was weakened by internal struggles, the heresy of the priest Bogomil spread and influenced the teachings of the Cathars and Albigenses in Western Europe.
		This weakened the country and it was conquered by the Ottoman Empire in 1396.
		The former Bulgarian territories were divided into three: the Principality of Bulgaria was proclaimed - with Prince Alexander Battemberg at its head, Eastern Rumelia - with a Christian Governor appointed by the Sultan, while Thrace and Macedonia remained under the domination of the Ottoman Empire.
	www.bulgariandreams.com /Bulgaria-tourist-information/history-culture.htm (1785 words)

	Bulgaria history home page
		By 300 AD the weakness of the Roman Empire led to invasions from the North of Visigoths, Huns and Ostrogoths, when Thracian villages were burned and plundered.
		In 1396, despite desperate resistance by the town of Vidin, the rest of the country was conquered and Bulgaria became the province of Roumelia in the Ottoman Empire.
		Bulgarian army officers and partisan brigades joined forces with the Soviets and Sofia was taken.
	www.eliznik.org.uk /Bulgaria/history (1700 words)

	FAQ server : Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		After the fall of the First Bulgarian Empire (the Bulgarian capital of the last Bulgarian king of the First Bulgarian Empire - Tzar Samuil was Ohrid) Emperor Basil II (the Bulgar-slayer) did not abolish the Bulgarian Patriarchate in Ohrid.
		It survived (and was called Bulgarian, even that it was headed by Greek clergy for a long time) until 1766 when it was abolished by the intrigues of the Phanariotes (this was part of the Megali-Idea persued by the clergy of Constantinopol).
		The Patriarchate in Turnovo was reestablished with the reestablishment of the Second Bulgarian Empire and abolished with its fall - in 1393 (or maybe it was 1396 - the year I remember given as the start of the Ottoman yoke).
	www1.cs.columbia.edu /~radev/cgi-bin/faqserver.cgi?orthodoxy (370 words)

	Byzantine attack on Bulgaria, Battle of Acheloi, 20 August 917
		The Bulgarian capital was obviously the target of a most ferocious warfare The voluntary forces had hard times driving back a series of attacks on the fortress, with their strength wearing thin and their water and food supplies running low.
		The Bulgarians occupied the territories of present-day Albania and Northern Greece.
		Serbia was crushed by the Bulgarian troops and its territory annexed to Bulgaria.
	www.geocities.com /nbulgaria/bulgaria/acheloi.htm (4642 words)

	Properties in Russe, Bulgaria. Holiday property - Bulgarian real estate agency
		In the Sultan Register of 1431 and in a Peace Treaty concluded between the Ottoman Empire and the Magyar state dated 20th of August 1503 the settlement was mentioned under the name of Roussi.
		On 31st July 1879 the Bulgarian flag of the ships donated by Russia was risen which marked the beginning of the organised Bulgarian river navigation.
		In 1889 the first Bulgarian Chamber of Commerce, and two years later the first joint-stock insurance company -Bulgaria - were established in Rousse.
	www.holidayproperty.org /property/10049_Properties_in_Russe.htm (1075 words)

	World History 600- 700 AD
		At the battle of Nineveh, the forces of Heraclius (the Byzantine Emperor), defeated the forces of the Sassanid Empire.
		Muhammed died in 632 A.D. Abu Bakr became the first Caliph or 'agent of the prophet'.
		The Bulgarian Empire was in constant conflict with the Byzantine Empire.
	www.multied.com /dates/600ad.html (764 words)

	Bulgarian Collections
		The exact size of the Bulgarian holdings is not known, since, like other country/language holdings, they have no separate catalogue and are dispersed within the rest of the collections.
		The Bulgarian Collections are strong in most of the fields in the humanities and social sciences.
		Bulgarian material is listed in the printed volumes of the British Library General Catalogue of Printed Books to 1975 (for material acquired before 1975 only) and the Integrated Catalogue, which is accessible via the internet.
	www.bl.uk /collections/easteuropean/bulgarian.html (666 words)

	The Proto-Bulgarian Ethnos
		While the Thracians were assimilated by the Slavs prior to the formation of the new state, the Proto - Bulgarians and the Slavs followed a relatively independent course of development within the boundaries of the same state until the end of the ninth century.
		The fortress gates of Pliska, the first Bulgarian capital, were ornamented with stone figures of lions - the symbol of state power.
		In the first half of the 9th century the process of ethnical assimilation and consolidation spread to all areas in which Slavs of the Bulgarian group predominated.
	www.geocities.com /nbulgaria/bulgaria/bulgarians.htm (1151 words)

	History of Bulgaria - Indopedia, the Indological knowledgebase (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Pomaks and Circassians were brought in from outside the area to massacre the Bulgarians.
		This aroused liberal Europeans such as William Gladstone, who launched a campaign against the "Bulgarian Horrors," but the western powers feared Russian expansion in the Balkans and did nothing to help the Bulgarians.
		Russia did indeed intend using the Bulgarian situation to further its plan to dismember the Ottoman Empire and seize Constantinople, and in April 1877 Russia declared war on the Ottomans, with the Romanian army and a small contingent of Bulgarian exiles fighting alongside the advancing Russians.
	www.indopedia.org /History_of_Bulgaria.html (5581 words)

	Bulgaria - History
		Despite having been ruled for many years by neighboring empires, the people of Bulgaria have maintained a sense of national pride that persists to this day.
		At first, Bulgaria was part of the Macedonian kingdom.
		They set up the first Bulgarian Empire and ultimately took over Macedonia in the 9th century.
	www.edhelper.com /ReadingComprehension_Geography_244_1.html (303 words)

	History page (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		The first Bulgarian empire was established in 681, introduced to Christianity by BORIS I (r.852-89) in 865, at the height of its power under SIMEON I, and subjugated by the Byzantines in 1018.
		The second Bulgarian empire rose in 1186 and reached its apex under Ivan II (r.1218-41).
		Turkey’s suppression of a Bulgarian revolt (1876) was one of the reasons for the Russo-Turkish war of 1877-78.
	work.colum.edu /~mmartcheva/history.html (376 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Bulgaria (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-05)
		Well, the largest reason for the Bulgarians to be an irritation to the Byzantines was that they (we), from the founding of Danube Bulgaria, grew in size at the expense of the Byzantine Empire.
		He massacred thousands of Bulgarians after a victorious battle in 1014, and ordered 14,000 Bulgarian soldiers to be blinded and sent back to their country (for every 100, he left one soldier with only one eye, so that he could lead them).
		The Bulgarian historians consider that St Cyril and Methodius are bulgarians, because of Methodius' words that he is a slav from family closed to the emperor's one.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1722&PN=1 (1929 words)

	All Empires History Forum: Bulgaria
		Khan Krum was also known for the first Bulgarian written laws which, in what may be the earliest example of state social policy in history, ensured subsidies to beggars and state protection to the poor of all Bulgarians.
		Bulgarians church became independent, but byzantine influence were completely stopped when in Bulgaria arrived Cyril and Methodius students - Kliment, Naum, Angelarii, who were carrying with them the slavonic alphabet /Glagolic/, which was officially recognized by the pope and the patriarch.
		Bulgarian nation grew the first heresy - Bogomilstvoto, preached by priest Bogomil who considered the visible world was created by the devil and the Tsar and all boliyars were demons.
	www.allempires.com /forum/forum_posts.asp?TID=1846&PN=1 (7699 words)

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