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	Lateran Council (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first Lateran Council, the ninth ecumenical council (1123), was held during the reign of Pope Calixtus II.
		The third Lateran Council, the 11th ecumenical council, was convoked in 1179 by Pope Alexander III and attended by 291 bishops who studied the Peace of Venice (1177), by which the Holy Roman emperor, Friedrich I. Barbarossa (1123-1190), agreed to withdraw support from his antipope and to restore the church property he had seized.
		The purpose of the council was twofold: reform of the church and the recovery of the Holy Land.
	www.hfac.uh.edu /gbrown/philosophers/leibniz/BritannicaPages/LateranCouncil/LateranCouncil.html (621 words)

	LATERAN COUNCILS - LoveToKnow Article on LATERAN COUNCILS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Among the enactments of the council, the most important concerned the appointment to the papal throne (Canon 1), the electoral law of 1059 being supplemented by a further provision declaring a two-thirds majority to be requisite for the validity of the cardinals choice.
		The fifth Lateran council (eighteenth ecumenical) was convened by Pope Julius II.
		The change in the government of the church, the rival council of Pisa, the ecclesiastical and political dissensions within and without the council, and the lack of disinterestedness on the part of its members, all combined to frustrate the hopes which its convocation had awakened.
	55.1911encyclopedia.org /L/LA/LATERAN_COUNCILS.htm (799 words)

	Second Council of the Lateran - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The council likewise condemned the errors of the Petrobrusians and the Henricians, the followers of two active and dangerous heretics, Peter of Bruys and Arnold of Brescia.
		The council promulgated against these heretics its twenty-third canon, a repetition of the third canon of the Council of Toulouse (1119) against the Manichaeans.
		Twenty-eight canons pertinent to these matters reproduced in great part the decrees of the Council of Reims, in 1131, and the Council of Clermont, in 1130, whose enactments, frequently cited since then under the name of the Lateran Council, acquired thereby increase of authority.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Council_of_the_Lateran (571 words)

	Ecumenical council - Art History Online Reference and Guide (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		Fourth Council of the Lateran, (1215) - dealt with transubstantiation, papal primacy and conduct of clergy.
		Council of Vienne, (1311-1312) - Disbanded Knights Templar
		Council of Trent, (1545-1563, discontinuously); response to the challenges of Calvinism and Lutheranism; imposition of uniformity in liturgy in the Roman Rite (the "Tridentine Mass").
	www.arthistoryclub.com /art_history/Ecumenical_council (2335 words)

	Catholic Online
		The First Council of the Lateran (A.D. 1123) The Lateran is the Cathedral Basilica of Rome.
		The Council of Vienne (A.D. 1311 and 1312) The purpose of this Council was to settle the affair of the Templars, to advance the rescue of the Holy Land, and to reform abuses in the Church.
		The doctrinal decrees of the Council were: condemnation that the soul is not "in itself the essentially the form of the human body",; that sanctifying grace is infused into the soul at baptism; and denial that a perfect man is not subject to ecclesiastical and civil law.
	www.catholic.org /clife/prayers/councils.php (1335 words)

	A History of the General Councils - AD 325 through AD 1870 - Mgr. Philip Hughes
		At these councils all that was wrong locally was investigated, the bishops were reminded of the kind of men they were supposed to be, indeed obliged to be by God's law, the old regulations about simony and clerical continency were renewed, incorrigible prelates were deposed, and a general revival of religious life inaugurated.
		This was the law enacted in a council at the Lateran in 1050, which restricted the election to the cardinals.[4a] To them alone it belongs, henceforth, to elect the pope, and a majority of their votes is essential and sufficient.
		The canons promulgated at the council, which cover all the social and religious problems of the day, are hardly of a nature to provoke discussion-- remedies, sternly stated in the shape of prohibitions, for the various moral ills of public and private life.
	www.christusrex.org /www1/CDHN/coun10.html (4535 words)

	[No title]
		The First General Council of the Vatican, 1869-70 Appendix Index Introduction: On Councils and General Councils The history of the General Councils of the Church is a fascinating subject, and to those unfamiliar with the history of the Church a subject which bristles with difficulties of all kinds.
		First of all there are the remnants of the schism begun in Rome by the antipope Novatian, some seventy-five years before the council.
		The first stage in the development of its recognition as oecumenical was the unanimous vote of the General Council of Chalcedon, 4th session (451), taking as the rule of faith, "that fixed by the council of Nicaea, and which the 150 bishops of the council assembled at Constantinople by Theodosius the Great confirmed." 8a.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHISTORY/HCOUNCIL.TXT (18343 words)

	MAJOR COUNCILS OF THE CHURCH: (councils.htm)
		Though the Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15 and Galatians 2) was the first Church Council, attended by the Apostles, the first Ecumenical (world-wide) Council was called by the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great with Pope Saint Sylvester I sitting on the Throne of Peter as the 33rd successor of Christ's appointed Apostle.
		Lateran IV also condemned as anathema once more the heresies of Albigensianism, which taught marriage and the sacraments were not needed, and Waldensianism, which taught that the laity could perform the same duties as a priest when said priest was in mortal sin.
		This Council's main docket was the attempt to reunite with the Eastern Church, but it was only temporary and the schism grew wider after the solidification of the Dogmatic Filioque in which it was reaffirmed emphatically that the Holy Ghost proceeds from both the Father and the Son.
	www.dailycatholic.org /history/councils.htm (2468 words)

	Catholic History - Church Councils
		Explains the nature and function of General Councils, and tells how each was called and what it accomplished, in the context of the climate of the times, the men who took part, and the intellectual currents which lay behind the final pronouncements.
		Background and history of the Fourth General Council of the Lateran, which reformed Church life and, in its doctrinal pronouncement, first sanctioned the term 'transubstantiation.' Chapter 12 of "The Church in Crisis: A History of the General Councils, 325-1870".
		Background and history of the General Council of Viennce, which besides its disciplinary laws defined that the rational soul is the form of the human body, and condemned heresies of the Beghards and Beguines.
	www.saint-mike.org /Library/History/Church_Councils.html (933 words)

	Lateran Council -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - The online encyclopedia you can trust!
		The second Lateran Council, the 10th ecumenical council (1139), was convoked by Pope Innocent II to condemn as schismatics the followers of Arnold of Brescia, a vigorous reformer and opponent of the temporal power of the pope, and to end the schism created by the election of Anacletus II, a rival pope.
		The third Lateran Council, the 11th ecumenical council, was convoked in 1179 by Pope Alexander III and attended by 291 bishops who studied the Peace of Venice (1177), by which the Holy Roman emperor, Frederick I Barbarossa, agreed to withdraw support from his antipope and to restore the church property he had seized.
		The fifth Lateran Council, the 18th ecumenical council (1512–17), was convoked by Pope Julius II in response to a council summoned at Pisa by a group of cardinals who were hostile to the Pope.
	www.britannica.com /ebc/article-9047280 (1296 words)

	To Tell You The Whole Truth - The Church: The 21 Ecumenical (General) Councils of the Church
		It declared the authority of the Pope to be superior to that of a General Council.
		Declared that the teachings of the Council of Pisa were invalid since it did not have the Pope's approval.
		This Council declared the infallibility of the Pope, and reaffirmed the teachings of the Church.
	www.scborromeo.org /truth/c2.htm (545 words)

	Lateran Council -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The first Lateran Council, the ninth ecumenical council (1123), was held during the reign of Pope Calixtus II; no acts or contemporary accounts survive.
		An ecumenical or general council is a meeting of bishops of the whole church; local councils representing such areas as provinces or patriarchates are often called synods.
		The earliest genuine law of the church was substantially contained in the decrees of the ecumenical councils of the 4th and 5th centuries; and such gatherings continued to be held in the East, though...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-9047280 (728 words)

	Lateran Councils
		The Lateran councils were five ecumenical councils of the Roman Catholic church held during the 12th, 13th, and 16th centuries at the Lateran Palace in Rome.
		The Second Lateran Council (1139) was convoked by Pope Innocent II to reaffirm the unity of the church after the schism (1130-38) of the antipope Anacletus II (d.
		The Lateran council therefore dutifully decreed that "in each cathedral church there should be provided a suitable benefice for a master who shall instruct without charge the clerics of the cathedral church and other poor scholars, thus at once satisfying the teacher's needs and opening up the way of knowledge to learners".
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/lateran.htm (16763 words)

	AllRefer.com - Lateran Council, First (Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: Councils And Treaties) - Encyclopedia
		Lateran Council, First, Roman Catholic And Orthodox Churches: Councils And Treaties
		Lateran Council, First, 1123, 9th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, summoned by Pope Calixtus II to signal the end of the investiture controversy by confirming the Concordat of Worms (1122).
		It was held in the Lateran Palace, Rome, making it the first council to be held in Western Europe.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/L/LateranC1.html (213 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: First Lateran Council
		The Council of 1123 is reckoned in the series of ecumenical councils.
		So deep was the emotion caused by this concordat, the first ever signed, that in many documents of the time, the year 1122 is mentioned as the beginning of a new era.
		For its more solemn confirmation and in conformity with the earnest desire of the Archbishop of Mainz, Callistus II convoked a council to which all the archbishops and bishops of the West were invited.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09016b.htm (396 words)

	First Lateran Council 1123 A.D. (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		In 1123, during the pontificate of Pope Callistus II, a general Roman council was held "for various important matters of the church", as Callistus himself says in the letter of convocation which he sent on 25 June 1122 to bishop Baldric of Doll.
		Indeed the manner in which the council was called and conducted by the pope and the fathers differed from that of the older councils.
		A number of canons were ratified by the council fathers, perhaps at the session on 27 March.
	www.piar.hu /councils/ecum09.htm (2866 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: First Lateran Council 1123
		The bestowal of the former pertained obviously to the authority of the Church, that of the latter was conceded to the secular authority.
		In respect to the degrees within which marriage among blood-relatives was forbidden, the council adheres to the prevailing discipline, which prohibited marriage in the direct line ascending and descending in infinitum and in the collateral line to the seventh degree of consanguinity inclusive.
		The first part of this canon was directed against the abuse by which patrons usurped the authority of the bishops in the appointment of priests to those churches over which they exercised the right of patronage, particularly the jus praesentandi.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/lateran1.html (6562 words)

	Medieval Sourcebook: Second Lateran Council 1139
		One of the purposes of the council was to remove the evils of an eight-year schism, and it seems more than merely probable that the Pope was not content with this only, but went a step farther to prevent the repetition of such a schism from that particular contributing cause.
		The first part of this canon is an old ordinance and is met with again and again in the synods of this and preceding periods.
		We decree that that which was enacted in the Council of Chalcedon (canon 22) be inviolately observed; namely, that the possessions of deceased bishops be not seized by anyone, but that they remain in the hands of the steward and the clergy for the needs of the Church and his successor.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/lateran2.html (6430 words)

	[No title]
		The first, referred to always as Mansi, is a collection of all the known documentation of councils of every kind, made by John Dominic Mansi, archbishop of Lucca, and published in 31 folio volumes in the eighteenth century, 1759-98, Sacrorum Concilium Nova et Amplissima Collectio.
		The first account, the basis of the antipapal view that has coloured almost every account since given, published (in Italian) in London in 1619 was the work of a Servite friar, Fra Paolo Sarpi, who certainly had access to many of the closely guarded documents and the diplomatic correspondence.
		The Vatican Council was scarcely more fortunate than Trent in the way the forces hostile to it in the intellectual world were allowed a good fifty years start in their commentaries.
	www.ewtn.com /library/CHISTORY/HCOUNINT.TXT (4577 words)

	Flyfree Ministries Outreach (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The first general council called (while not the very first council) was the council of Nicaea in 325 AD.
		Councils are generally called when a doctrine of the faith is called into question, in order to settle the matter.
		The Council of Trent in 1545 was called to address the Protestant movement.
	www.flyfreeministries.org /Outreach-education.htm (2507 words)

	The Church In Crisis: Chapter 10
		It was a council of much the same kind, in its procedure, in its legislation, and in the vast interest it aroused, and it should be seen as complementary to the council of 1123.
		There were more than five hundred bishops present at the council and, it is said, a thousand abbots — the mention of St. Bernard's role in the schism is a reminder that this is the century of the most remarkable sudden expansion of the monastic orders ever known, the Cistercian century.
		The canons of this council, or the list as we possess it rather, is the same kind of omnium gatherum as the list of 1123.
	www.freivald.org /~jake/theChurchInCrisis/theChurchInCrisis_chapter10.html (1400 words)

	The Ecumenical Councils (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		(A.D. This Council, the first Ecumenical Council of the Catholic Church, was
		(A.D. The Lateran is the Cathedral Basilica of Rome.
		The purpose of this Council was to settle the affair of the Templars,
	www.geocities.com /francischinchoy/ecucouncils.html (1078 words)

	Lateran Council, First
		Lateran Council, First, 1123, 9th ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church, summoned by Pope
		First Nicene Council: Rise And Decline Of Arianism: By Arthur Penrhyn Stanley (History of the World)
		The voice of theologians in general councils from Pisa to Trent.
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0828959.html (190 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Fifth Lateran Council
		In the fourth session the advocate of the council demanded the revocation of the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges.
		The latter was solemnly revoked and condemned, and the concordat with Francis I approved, in the eleventh session (19 December, 1516).
		Finally, the council promulgated a decree prescribing war against the Turks and ordered the levying of tithes of all the benefices in Christendom for three years.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/09018b.htm (596 words)

	THE CHURCH IN CRISIS: Chapter
		From the north there had then descended upon this Christendom in ruins the fierce pirate pagans of Scandinavia; from the east came the no less aggressive pagan Slavs and Magyars; to the south the Mohammedans were all-powerful and the Mediterranean sea a Saracen lake.
		This was the law enacted in a council at the Lateran in 1050, which restricted the election to the cardinals.
		The canons promulgated at the council, which cover all the social and religious problems of the day, are hardly of a nature to provoke discussion — remedies, sternly stated in the shape of prohibitions, for the various moral ills of public and private life.
	www.freivald.org /~jake/theChurchInCrisis/thechurchincrisis_chapter9.html (4741 words)

	First Epistle to Timothy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The First Epistle to Timothy is a book of the Bible New Testament.
		The epistle consists mainly (1) of counsels Timothy regarding the worship and organization of Church and the responsibilities resting on its members; and (2) of exhortation to faithfulness maintaining the truth amid surrounding errors.
		The First and Second Epistles to Timothy and the Epistle to Titus
	www.freeglossary.com /1_Timothy (180 words)

	Facts about topic: (First Council of the Lateran) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-22)
		The First Council of the Lateran was summoned by Pope Calixtus II (additional info and facts about Pope Calixtus II) in 1123.
		It was the 9th ecumenical council (additional info and facts about ecumenical council) of the Roman Catholic (The Christian Church based in the Vatican and presided over by a pope and an episcopal hierarchy) Church.
		The council lasted from March 18th to 27th.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fi/first_council_of_the_lateran.htm (265 words)

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