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	Council of Ephesus - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This is distinguished from the so-called "Robber Council of Ephesus"AD 449.
		The Council of Ephesus was held in Ephesus, Asia Minor in 431 under Emperor Theodosius II, grandson of Theodosius the Great.
		The Council also declared the text of the Nicene Creed of 381 to be complete and forbade any additional change (addition or deletion) to it.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Council_of_Ephesus (408 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: General Councils
		Councils are legally convened assemblies of ecclesiastical dignitaries and theological experts for the purpose of discussing and regulating matters of church doctrine and discipline.
		Ecumenical Councils are those to which the bishops, and others entitled to vote, are convoked from the whole world (oikoumene) under the presidency of the pope or his legates, and the decrees of which, having received papal confirmation, bind all Christians.
		The Councils of Constance and of Basle affirmed with great emphasis that an Ecumenical council is superior in authority to the pope, and French theologians have adopted that proposition as one of the famous four Gallican Liberties.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/04423f.htm (12441 words)

	The Fourth Ecumenical Council
		At the first session of the council, which took place on October 8th, at the insistence of the pope's legates, Dioscorus of Alexandria, who was sitting among the other fathers, had to leave their ranks and sit in the middle, as one under judgment, who had lost the right to vote.
		First to be read were those writings of Saint Cyril of Alexandria which had earlier been read at the Council of Constantinople of 448: the epistle of Saint Cyril to Nestorius and the famous epistle he wrote after the union had been effected.
		"Epistle of the Council of Chalcedon to the Emperors Valentinian and Marcian.
	www.orthodoxinfo.com /ecumenism/hist_fourth.aspx (8106 words)

	council, ecumenical. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		The Orthodox Eastern Church recognizes the first seven and counts the Trullan Synod of 692 as an ecumenical extension of the Third Council of Constantinople.
		Two famous councils that claimed in vain to be ecumenical are the Robber Council of Ephesus (see Eutyches) and the Council of Pisa during the Great Schism.
		The ecumenical movement among Protestants is not to be confused with an ecumenical council, although they share a similar aim.
	www.bartleby.com /65/co/council.html (507 words)

	Pius IX Vatican I
		The first session was held in St. Peter's basilica on 8 December 1869 in the presence and under the presidency of the Pope.
		The purpose of the council was, besides the condemnation of contemporary errors, to define the Catholic doctrine concerning the Church of Christ.
		As in other councils at which the Pope was present and presided, the decrees were in the form of bulls, at the end of which was the clear declaration: "with the approval of the sacred council".
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/V1.HTM (5725 words)

	Eccumenical Council of Florence and Council of Basel
		Eccumenical Council of Florence and Council of Basel
		Holy baptism holds the first place among all the sacraments, for it is the gate of the spiritual life; through it we become members of Christ and of the body of the church.
		First, you give to our people of the Armenians the holy creed of Constantinople, with the added phrase and the Son, to be sung or read within the mass in our churches at least on Sundays and greater feasts.
	www.ewtn.com /library/COUNCILS/FLORENCE.HTM (11834 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Council of Ephesus
		It seems that Chalcedon, twenty years later, set the precedent that the papal legates should always be technically presidents at an ecumenical council, and this was henceforth looked upon as a matter of course, and Greek historians assumed that it must have been the case at Nicaea.
		The people of Ephesus, full of rejoicing, escorted the fathers to their houses with torches and incense.
		The orthodox were triumphant at Ephesus by their numbers and by the agreement of the papal legates.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/05491a.htm (2999 words)

	All Ecumenical Councils - All the Decrees
		First Council of Constantinople (381), under Pope Damasus and the Emperor Theodosius I, was attended by 150 bishops.
		Third Council of Constantinople (680-681), under Pope Agatho and the Emperor Constantine Pogonatus, was attended by the Patriarchs of Constantinople and of Antioch, 174 bishops, and the emperor.
		First Vatican Council was summoned to the Vatican by Pius IX.
	www.piar.hu /councils/~index.htm (1185 words)

	First Vatican Council
		Apparently the pope's primary purpose in convening the council was to obtain confirmation of the position he had taken in his Syllabus of Errors (1864), condemning a wide range of modern positions associated with the ideas of rationalism, liberalism, and materialism.
		The First Vatican Council, convened by Pope Pius IX in Rome, is reckoned by Roman Catholics to be the twentieth ecumenical church council.
		Closest to home, the council sought to undergird the authority of the papacy that could appear to be damaged by the loss of the pope's temporal power, except for Rome and its surrounding region, to the kingdom of Italy (1859-61).
	mb-soft.com /believe/txs/firstvc.htm (7896 words)

	Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, Series II, Vol. XIV (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-23)
		The Fourth Ecumenical Council.; The Council of Chalcedon.
		Decree on the Jurisdiction of Jerusalem and Antioch.
		Excursus on the Reception of the Seventh Council.
	www.ccel.org /fathers2/NPNF2-14/TOC.htm (1094 words)

	The Council of Ephesus
		The central dogmatic act of the council is its judgment about whether the second letter of Cyril to Nestorius, or Nestorius's second letter to Cyril, was in conformity with the Nicene creed which was recited at the opening of the council's proceedings.
		The letter of the council advising all the bishops, clergy and people about the condemnation of John of Antioch; and some paragraphs dealing with the discipline of the Nestorian party.
		For he was not first begotten of the holy virgin, a man like us, and then the Word descended upon him; but from the very womb of his mother he was so united and then underwent begetting according to the flesh, making his own the begetting of his own flesh.
	www.dailycatholic.org /history/3ecumen1.htm (2870 words)

	Melkite Greek Catholic Church Information Center First Ecumenical Council also named Council of Nicaea I in 325
		In 325, the First Ecumenical Council was held in Nicaea.
		The First Ecumenical Council also named Council of Nicaea I in 325 produced the first portion of the Nicean Creed.
		The First Ecumenical Council concentrated on clarifying the understanding of Holy God the Son within the Holy Trinity / Our Lord, God and Savior, Jesus Christ is both fully Holy God and fully Man.
	www.mliles.com /melkite/councilsecumenical1.shtml (1062 words)

	Decrees of the First Vatican Council (20ecume3.htm)
		First dogmatic constitution on the church of Christ
		The first condition of salvation is to maintain the rule of the true faith.
		Since it is our earnest desire to be in no way separated from this faith and doctrine, we hope that we may deserve to remain in that one communion which the apostolic see preaches, for in it is the whole and true strength of the christian religion [56].
	www.dailycatholic.org /history/20ecume3.htm (2449 words)

	[No title]
		The first of these ends at the rise of Novatianism in the middle of the second century; the second stretches down to about the eighth century; and the third period shews its gradual decline to its practical abandonment in the eleventh century.
		The first mention of intinction in the West, is at Carthage in the fifth century.(1) We know it was practised in the seventh century and by the twelfth it had become general, to give place to the withdrawal of the chalice altogether in the West.(2) "Regino(De Eccles.
		Natural law, as far as its first principles are concerned, is contained in the decalogue; but usury is prohibited in the decalogue, inasmuch as theft is prohibited; and this is the opinion of the Master of the Sentences, of St. Bonaventura, of St.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/nicea1.txt (16062 words)

	[No title]
		And what this was is evident from the definition of the Council of Florence, which, while indeed it was not received by the Eastern Church, and therefore cannot be accepted as an authoritative exposition of its views, yet certainly must be regarded as a true and full expression of the teaching of the West.
		The Council of Cholcedon in its address to the Emperor says: "The bishops who at Constantinople detected the taint of Apollinarianism, communicated to the Westerns their decision in the matter." From this we may reasonably conclude, with Tillemont,(3) that the lost Tome treated also of the Apollinarian heresy.
		The third Synod gave this honour to the Archbishop of Cyprus, and by the law of the same synod (Canon viii.), and by the Sixth Synod in its xxxixth Canon, the judgment of the Synod of Antioch is annulled and this honour granted to the bishop of Iberia.
	www.fordham.edu /halsall/basis/const1.txt (10939 words)

	LT29 - Papal Authority in the First Ecumenical Councils / A Dubious Translation of Ecclesia Dei
		In fact, it was not recognized as "Ecumenical" by the Council of Ephesus half a century later, and it was left to Pope Gregory the Great to elevate it papally to that status.
		After the Council, the West expressed dissatisfaction at its election of Nectarius and Flavian to the sees of Constantinople and Antioch, and Pope Damasus proposed a general synod at Rome to settle matters.
		At first sight it may seem that the imperial initiative in convoking the early Councils is inconsistent with Vatican II's declaration that it is "the prerogative of the Roman Pontiff to convoke such Councils." But the wording of Lumen Gentium is cautious.
	www.rtforum.org /lt/lt29.html (4044 words)

	The Council of Ephesus
		The holy and ecumenical synod, gathered together in Ephesus at the behest of the most pious princes, [sends greeting] to the bishops, priests, deacons and the whole people in every province and city.
		It is therefore the pleasure of the holy and ecumenical synod to secure intact and inviolate the rights belonging to each province from the first, according to the custom which has been in force from of old.
		The Council of Chalcedon "has accepted the synodical letters of the blessed Cyril, pastor of the church in Alexandria, to Nestorius and to the Orientals, as being well-suited to refuting Nestorius's mad folly and to providing an interpretation for those who in their religious zeal might desire understanding of the saving creed.".
	www.piar.hu /councils/ecum03.htm (7254 words)

	Milwaukee Catholic Herald – Herald of Hope – December 11, 2003
		The fact that the very first Ecumenical Council at Ephesus (325 AD) felt constrained to decree (canon 20) that worshipers should stand at the Eucharist on Sundays and throughout the entire Pentecost (i.e., Easter) season indicates that kneeling was practiced at other times, and that many local churches preferred to do at all times.
		Ever since the Council, however, our theologians have cautioned that it can become a difficulty whenever the metaphor of “People of God” becomes the primary defining image for the church.
		I gather that this has in fact become problematic in other parts of the world, especially where all pastoral ministers are paid by the government, and can hold onto their respective prerogatives and ministries with a tenacity which would make ancient upholders of the divine right of kings envious.
	www.chnonline.org /2003/2003-12-11/heraldofhope.html (1144 words)

	The Judgement Against Nestorius by the Council of Ephesus
		NOTE: This judgment against Nestorius came during the first session of the Ecumenical Council of Ephesus, and is recorded in the Acts of the Council for that session.
		The holy synod said: As, in addition to all else, the excellent Nestorius has declined to obey our summons and has not received the holy and God-fearing bishops we sent to him, we have of necessity started upon an investigation of his impieties.
		Our lord Jesus Christ, who has been blasphemed by him, has determined through this most holy synod that the same Nestorius should be stripped of his episcopal dignity and removed from the college of priests.
	www.monachos.net /patristics/christology/nestorius_judgment.shtml (159 words)

	Seven Ecumenical Councils - All About Turkey
		Nicea, Asia Minor, 325 A.D. Formulated the First Part of the Creed.
		Ephesus, Asia Minor 431 A.D. Defined Christ as the Incarnate Word of God and Mary as Theotokos.
		Constantinople III 680 A.D. Affirmed the True Humanity of Jesus by insisting upon the reality of His Human will and action.
	www.allaboutturkey.com /ecumenic.htm (165 words)

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