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Topic: French First Republic

	Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		In a broad definition a republic is a state or country that is led by people who do not base their political power on any principle beyond the control of the people living in that state or country.
		For this reason, in political science the several definitions of "republic", which in such a context invariably indicate an "ideal" form of government, do not always exclude monarchy: the evolution of such definitions of "republic" in a context of political philosophy is treated in republicanism.
		Republics are often associated with democracy, which seems natural if one acknowledges the meaning of the expression from which the word "republic" derives (see: res publica).
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Republic (4057 words)

	French Third Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The French Third Republic, (in French, Troisième Republique, sometimes written as IIIème Republique) (1870/75-10 July 1940) was the governing body of France between the Second French Empire and the Fourth Republic.
		Instead a "temporary" republic was established, pending the death of the elderly childless Chambord and the succession of his more liberal heir, the Comte de Paris.
		When France was finally liberated, few called for the restoration of the Third Republic, and a Constituent Assembly was established in 1946 to draft a constitution for a successor, established as the Fourth Republic that December.
	www.peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Third_Republic (1184 words)

	French Fifth Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The Fifth Republic is the fifth and current republican constitution of France, which was introduced on October 5, 1958.
		Charles de Gaulle used the crisis as an opportunity to create a new French government with a stronger office of president, which before was largely that of a figurehead.
		French presidents, as in preceding constitutions, were given a long term (7 years, now reduced to 5 years) and currently still have more internal power than most of their European counterparts in parliamentary democracies.
	www.sevenhills.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/French_Fifth_Republic (364 words)

	French Revolutionary Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The French Revolutionary Wars occurred between the outbreak of war between the French Revolutionary government and Austria in 1792 and the Treaty of Amiens in 1802.
		It is usually divided between the First Coalition (1792-1797) and the Second Coalition (1798-1801), although France was at war with Britain continuously from 1793 to 1802.
		The French First Republic, starting from a position precariously near occupation and collapse, had defeated all its enemies on the continent and produced a revolutionary army that would take the other powers years to emulate.
	www.hackettstown.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/French_Revolutionary_Wars (2722 words)

	French Revolution Resources
		The ostensible cause of the revolution was a French financial crisis (the nation was bankrupt thanks to the wars of the Louis XIV).
		First, the urban poor or sans-culottes, wanted the revolutionary government to do something about about their poverty as well as counter-revolutionaries.
		Louis XVI was dethroned and a republic established in 1792.
	www.historyguide.org /europe/revolution.html (512 words)

	French Fourth Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was the period when the French were under France's fourth republican constitution.
		It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic which had ruled before the Second World War.
		France adopted the constitution of the Fourth Republic on October 13, 1946.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/f/fr/french_fourth_republic.html (218 words)

	Republic Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The third section is about how republics are approached as state organisations in political science: in political theory and political science, the term "republic" is generally applied to a state where the government's political power depends solely on the consent, however nominal, of the people governed.
		During the year of their consulship each consul would in turn be head of state for a month at a time, thus alternating the office of consul maior (the consul in power) and of consul suffectus (not-ruling consul, however with some supervision on the work of the consul maior) for their joint term.
		The first are states which are oligarchical in nature, but are not nominally hereditary, such as many dictatorships, the second are states where all, or almost all, real political power is held by democratic institutions, but which have a monarch as nominal head of state, generally known as constitutional monarchies.
	popularityguide.com /encyclopedia/Republic (4675 words)

	French First Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The French people proclaimed France's First Republic on 21 September 1792 as a result of the French Revolution and of the abolition of the French monarchy.
		Republican government officially lasted until the establishment of the First French Empire in 1804.
		However, major events and phases such as the Reign of Terror and 18 Brumaire, and important groupings like the Committee of Public Safety and the levée en masse often tend to overshadow the official history and the official bodies.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/French_First_Republic (156 words)

	Embassy of France in the US - France's History
		Continued European construction (first attempt to coordinate currencies by setting up the "snake" on 10 April 1972, and expansion of the European Communities to include Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom on 1 January 1973).
		First cohabitation: The 1986 general election resulted in a parliamentary majority for the two main right-wing parties, RPR and UDF.
		Jacques Chirac is re-elected President of the Republic and appoints Jean-Pierre Raffarin as Prime Minister.
	www.info-france-usa.org /atoz/history.asp (602 words)

	Adolphe Thiers - FreeEncyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		His mother belonged to the family of the Cheniers, and he was well educated, first at the lycee of Marseille, and then in the faculty of law at Aix en Provence.
		Even when the Liberal-Imperialist Ollivier ministry was formed, he maintained at first an anything but benevolent neutrality, and then an open opposition, and it is impossible to be sure whether mere "canniness," or something better, kept him from joining the government of the National Defence, of which he was in a manner the author.
		However it was intended to be a provisional republic, pending the restoration of the monarchy under the Comte de Chambord.
	openproxy.ath.cx /ad/Adolphe_Thiers.html (2142 words)

	Constitution of France - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It is typically called the Constitution of the Fifth Republic, and replaced that of the Fourth Republic dating from October 27, 1946.
		The Constitution of the Year XII established the First French Empire.
		The constitution of the French Third Republic, February 24 and 25, and July 16, 1875
	marylandheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Constitution_of_France (632 words)

	JAH Roundtable
		The French and the American revolutions are said to be landmarks in the history of mankind, and each claimed to be exceptional, while each entertained a unique relationship with the other, partly because of the short time that separated them.
		The French translators and the revolutionaries themselves were acutely aware of the ambivalence arising from the confrontation between universal claims and nationalist or patriotic assertions.
		A French reader of those eighteenth-century translations did not necessarily understand that the king's mischiefs were abuses of his prerogatives in the English tradition of a constitutional king, nor even in the philosophy of the baron de Montesquieu, which was more a model for American constitution makers than for the French ones.
	chnm.gmu.edu /declaration/marien.html (10336 words)

	First Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In Italy the term First Republic is used informally to refer to the period up to 1991, when a series of scandals (mainly bribery) hit many politicians.
		First Republic of Nigeria - see History of Nigeria
		This is a disambiguation page, a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Republic (121 words)

	The French Revolutionary Calendar
		The Sans-culottides were dedicated, the first to Genius, the second to Labor, the third to Noble Actions, the fourth to Awards, and the fifth to Opinion.
		The sixth Sans-culottide of leap years was dedicated to the Revolution, and was to be an especially solemn and grand affair.
		The republican era was to date from the declaration of the republic in September, 1792.
	windhorst.org /calendar (619 words)

	Central - African - Republic
		The Central African Republic lies on a large rolling plateau that forms the drainage divide between the Ubangi-Bomu river system, part of its southern boundary, and the watershed of Lake Chad to the north.
		French and Sango, a Sudanic language, are the official languages, but many others are actually used there.
		In 1987 the first legislative elections in 20 years were held, though the government continued to operate under the control of Kolingba.
	www.blacknet.co.uk /homeland/central.htm (876 words)

	History & info - French Revolutionary calendar (1793 - 1806)
		The French Revolutionary Calendar (or Republican Calendar) was officially adopted in France on October 24, 1793 and abolished on 1 January 1806 by Emperor Napoleon I. It was used again briefly during under the Paris Commune in 1871.
		The French also established a new clock, in which the day was divided in ten hours of a hundred minutes of a hundred seconds - exactly 100,000 seconds per day.
		The calendar was adopted more than one year after the advent of the First Republic (there was no year 1), after a long debate involving the mathematicians Romme and Monge, the poets Chénier and Fabre d' Eglantine and the painter David.
	webexhibits.org /calendars/calendar-french.html (577 words)

	Rhine Republic 1921-1924 (Germany) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The French actually planned to detach the Rhineland from Germany as a buffer state under their indirect control.
		In Essen, French troops fired on a civilian crowd, killing quite a number of people, and there were violent clashes elsewhere in the Rhineland as well.
		The first republic was proclaimed 1st June 1919 by J.A. Dorten and was centered in Wiesbaden.
	flagquest.com /FOTW/flags/de-rh921.html (318 words)

	Bastille day
		The French rooster In the Middle Ages, the Gallic Rooster was widely used as a religious symbol, the sign of hope and faith.
		The Republic is warlike and protective, she will fight for her values, first among which is Liberty, as at Valmy, where she asserted her universal calling in the face of the reactionary monarchists.
		Under the First Republic, the anthem was one of the civic songs that contributed to the success of the Revolution.
	www.franceway.com /w3/Facts&Figures/politics/republiquesymbols.html (2433 words)

	WHKMLA : History of the Lombard Republic, Transpadan Republic, Cispadan Republic, Cisalpine Republic, Italian Republic
		French troops occupied northern central Italy in 1796, establishing the LOMBARD REPUBLIC which soon was reoccupied by the allies.
		In 1802, the Cisalpine Republic was renamed ITALIAN REPUBLIC, in 1805 enlarged by Venice, Istria, Dalmatia and the Ionian Islands, and transformed into the KINGDOM OF ITALY.
		The Council of State of the Italian Republic to the First Consul of the French Republic, President of the Italian Republic, Apr. 5th 1802, from napoleonseries.org
	www.zum.de /whkmla/region/italy/cispadan.html (386 words)

	Will the French Republic Live Again?_Dream of Security (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		Behind these defenses the French felt reasonably sure that they could mobilize their army without interference from a blitzkrieg attack such as German and Italian militarists were predicting.
		They were well aware that France was in a most exposed position, but they firmly believed that the French army, the fortifications, and the alliances assured them the power to stand off any attack upon their country.
		Peacetime conscription of men for the Army was begun for the first time in the history of the United States, and construction of a great new Navy was started.
	www.historians.org /Projects/GIroundtable/French/French_Intro.htm (828 words)

	French Revolution Resources
		Special mention must be made of Liberty, Equality, Fraternity: Exploring the French Revolution, an excellent initiative on the part of the Center for History and New Media (George Mason University) and the American Social History Project (CUNY).
		Richard Orsinger's France During the French Revolution and Under Napoleon Bonaparte looks promising as does another site on British Newspaper Coverage of the French Revolution.
		See also a French Revolution Chronology; French Revolutionary Pamphlets; Links on the French Revolution; and Revolution and After: Tragedies and Farces.
	www.historyguide.org /intellect/ancien_regime.html (345 words)

	French Revolution -> The Republic on Encyclopedia.com 2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		On Sept. 21, 1792, the Convention held its first meeting.
		His conviction and execution (Jan., 1793) reinforced royalist resistance, notably in the Vendée, and, abroad, contributed to the forming of a wider coalition against France.
		The Mill of Valmy, memorial of the battle of 1792 (French Revolution 1789-1799).
	www.encyclopedia.com /html/section/frenchre_therepublic.asp (511 words)

	Untitled Document
		In this city of the center of Vietnam,which would be renamed DA NANG later on, the French had been opened a civil annex post of military post box (BPM 418) which worked parallelly with the post of Viet Minh.
		On 17 /12 / 1946, The French armed Forces occupied the city and installed a military post office there, and it worked all the time since the city has been surrounded.
		It was informed rapidly at the first step by the management of SaiGon, Who gave order to the postal workers to stop using the cachet for the benefit of the BPM 418.
	www.philatelyvietnam.com /stampvn.htm (262 words)

	Danton, Georges -- Britannica Concise Encyclopedia - Your gateway to all Britannica has to offer!
		He was elected minister of justice in 1792, and he became a member of the first Committee of Public Safety in April 1793.
		French Revolutionary leader and orator, often credited as the chief force in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of the First French Republic (September 21, 1792).
		One of the leaders of the French Revolution during its Reign of Terror was Robespierre.
	concise.britannica.com /ebc/article-9362246?tocId=9362246 (712 words)

	Official Document
		The treaty of cession is written both in French and English on both sides of three sheets and one side of a fourth, measuring 9-5/8 inches by 14-3/8 inches.
		The Government of the United States engages to pay to the French Government in the manner Specified in the following article the sum of Sixty millions of francs independent of the Sum which Shall be fixed by another Convention for the payment of the debts due by France to citizens of the United States.
		The first month of the of the calendar inaugurated in 1792 by the short-lived First French Republic.
	www.lewis-clark.org /disabled.asp?H=True&NextPage=/content/content-article.asp?ArticleID=326 (344 words)

	UCD US History: Palmer, "Twelve Who Ruled" (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		It was the French Revolutionaries in 1793 and 1794 who first used the word democracy in a favorable sense to describe the kind of society that they wanted.
		"At a time when the future of the French democracy is unpredictable a re-study of its struggle for survival in the Year II of the First French Republic is almost requisite....
		It is a study of the Republic in the year extending from July, 1793, to July, 1794, with the focus on the Committee of Public Safety.
	carbon.cudenver.edu /~rpekarek/frpalmer.html (955 words)

	At a Glance: Dominican Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-08)
		The first resident missionaries, Ray and Gladys Brinks and Neal and Sandy Hegeman, came in 1981.
		The Dominican Republic occupies the eastern two-thirds of this mountainous, tropical island, covering an area about the size of New Hampshire and Vermont.
		Santo Domingo, founded in 1502, was the first European settlement in the Western Hemisphere.
	www.crwm.org /wmab/wmab_glance_domrepub.htm (899 words)

	The First Republic, 1910-26 (from Portugal) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		The First Republic, 1910-26 (from Portugal) -- Encyclopædia Britannica
		A republic of southwestern Europe, metropolitan Portugal is on the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, which it shares with Spain.
		Of the two new countries, the Czech Republic was the larger, with a land area of 30,441 square miles (78,842 square kilometers), compared to Slovakia's 18,919...
	www.britannica.com /eb/article-23779?tocId=23779 (947 words)

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