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Topic: First Italian War

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Greco-Italian War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The Greco-Italian War was a conflict between Italy and Greece from October 28, 1940 to April 6, 1941. Greco-Italian War – Invasion of Yugoslavia – Battle of Greece – Battle of Crete In the Epirus sector, the Italian attack ground to a halt by November 9. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Greco-Italian_War   (3141 words)

Second Italo-Abyssinian War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia By October 6th, Adowa, the site of Italian defeat in the first war, was captured. The Italians re-interpreted this to mean 21 nautical leagues, as opposed to 21 standard leagues, which would then give them greater territory. Lasting seven months from 1935-1936, the Second Italo-Abyssinian War is often seen as a precursor to en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Second_Italo-Ethiopian_War   (3141 words)

ethiopia Ethiopian army poorly equipped and not prepared for this intruision along Etritrean border 100,000 Italian troops in columns of three crept into Abyssinian (Ethiopian) territory one of the worst disasters of modern history where approximately 25,000 Italians were defeated by four times as many Ethiopians under Menelek, who had accepted an Italian protectorate in 1889 Treaty fo Ucciali to become king. Return to the starting World War II Timeline page history.acusd.edu /gen/WW2Timeline/ethiopia.html   (3141 words)

OneWorld Magazine - Haile Sellassie and Mussolini A war of nerves ensued, with both sides shouting insults and threats until the Italians, obviously acting under orders, attacked during the afternoon of 5 December. The Italian commander complained that the commission's arrival was a complete surprise and refused to deal with the Ethiopians as equals. After two days of fighting against planes and armored cars -- man against machine, the theme of the subsequent war -- the Ethiopians were beaten, taking many casualties, and the survivors retreated. www.oneworldmagazine.org /focus/etiopia/musso1.html   (3141 words)

Okhi Day - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia This ultimatum, which was presented to Metaxas by the Italian ambassador in Greece, Grachi, on October 28, 1940, at dawn (04:00 AM),after a party in the German embassy in Athens, demanded of Greece to allow Axis forces to enter Greek territory and occupy certain unspecified "strategic locations" or otherwise face war. After the end of the war October 28 became a public holiday in Greece. Celebrated throughout Greece on October 28 each year, Okhi day (also called Oxi Day) commemorates the refusal of an Italian ultimatum by the Greek dictator (in power from August 4, 1936 until January 29, 1941), Ioannis Metaxas on October 28, 1940. en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Oxi_Day   (209 words)

Italy - Biocrawler During the first Social war (90 BCE), the Samnites and their allies (Sabines, Samnites, Umbrians and others) produced coinage while competing with Rome bearing the word "Vitelio." There is much debate as to the exact origin of the name Italia, and there are many theories concerning its etymology. The architects of Italian unification were Count Camillo Benso di Cavour, the Chief Minister of Victor Emmanuel, and Giuseppe Garibaldi, a general and national hero. On June 2, 1946, a referendum on the monarchy resulted in the establishment of the Italian republic, which led to the adoption of a new constitution on January 1, 1948. www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Italy   (1719 words)

NWCR, Summer 2000: Review of Vego Italy acquired Libya and occupied the Dodecanese Islands during the Turco-Italian War, improving its status on both shores in the central Mediterranean. Therefore, the Italian fleet became “the yardstick by which the strength of the Austro-Hungarian navy was measured.” Nonetheless, the two powers coordinated naval efforts in the Mediterranean Sea to benefit Germany, the remaining member of the alliance. Archduke Francis Ferdinand, the heir to the throne, however, praised naval expansion as necessary if the empire was to take its place as a maritime power, while he harbored distrust of Italian commitment to the alliance. www.nwc.navy.mil /press/Review/2000/summer/br14-Su0.htm   (562 words)

ethiopia Italian troops held back until December of that year, when a border incident in the city of Wal Wal gave Italy its much needed excuse to attack Ethiopia. Italy responded to the journalists rendering of the war by saying that the attack was completely necessary, that the Ethiopian government treated its citizens badly and deserved to be attacked (this hasn't been proven true). The inaccurate depiction of the war by American journalists revealed how one-sided the war was in Italy's favor, that the Ethiopian situation was hopeless. needham.mec.edu /high_school/cur/Baker_00/03/baker-mc-03/ethiopia.htm   (562 words)

Haile Selassie, "Appeal to the League of Nations," June 1936 It is not only upon warriors that the Italian Government has made war. Ethiopian warriors asked only for means to defend themselves. War then took place in the atrocious conditions which I have laid before the Assembly. www.mtholyoke.edu /acad/intrel/selassie.htm   (562 words)

American Mortgage & Financial Portal > Mortgage Calculators > Brokerage Firms > Compare Mortgage Loans Buoyed by victories in World War I and World War II and the end of the Cold War in 1991, the U.S. remains the world's most powerful nation-state. Two of the major traumatic experiences in the nation's history were the American Civil War ( 1861 - 65) and the Great Depression of the 1930s. During the 19th century, many new states were added to the original thirteen as the nation expanded across the North American continent and acquired a number of overseas possessions. united-states.asinah.net /american-encyclopedia/wikipedia/l/li/list_of...   (562 words)

The Greco-Italian War—May to August 1940 (part 2) - Alternative Futures Past -  StrategyPage.com The Italian armed forces of May 1940 are not particularly formidable in the context of war with a great power. Italian logistics are bad—barely able to sustain a unit in a static position, and incapable of dealing with one in motion. Italian soldiers themselves are a mixed bag, quite capable of hard, stubborn defensive fighting when properly led, but usually not very effective on the offensive. www.strategypage.com /af/articles/20020808.asp   (1245 words)

Greco, El - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about Greco, El Italian influences remained in his work until about 1580, and in his first commissions at Toledo. A foreigner when he arrived, speaking only Greek and Italian, El Greco stayed in Toledo for the rest of his life, and the religious and spiritual character of his works links him inseparably with the spirit of the time and place. His passionate insistence on rhythm and movement and vehement desire for intensity of expression were conveyed by the elongation and distortion of figures, and unusual and disturbing colour schemes with calculated clashes of crimson, lemon yellow, green, and blue, and livid flesh tones. encyclopedia.farlex.com /Greco,+El   (780 words)

War War and Morality, are G.E.M. Anscombe's “War and Murder” and Jan Narveson's “Pacifism: A Philosophical Analysis”. War is a phenomenon which occurs only between political communities, defined as those entities which either are states or intend to become states (in order to allow for civil war). Clausewitz famously suggested that war is “the continuation of policy by other means.” Surely, as a description, this conception is both powerful and plausible: war is about governance, using violence instead of peaceful measures to resolve policy (which organizes life in a land). plato.stanford.edu /entries/war   (10663 words)

Summary of "the Inhabited Places in Aegean Macedonia" The Greco-Turkish War from 1919-1922 and the Convention of Lausanne from 1923' 4. In this war especially by the Greek forces were killed thousands of innocent Macedonians of whom the bigger part of women and children, especially in the Kukush and Demir Hisar regions, where the military operations have been carried out. Greco-Turkish War from 1919 to 1922 and the conventions that followed as well as the denationalizing and assimilation politics of the Greek state and the big colonization that followed to a great measure changed the ethnic composition of Aegean Macedonia. www.historyofmacedonia.org /MacedonianGreekConflict/Summary.html   (6584 words)

Battle of Greece The Battle of Greece is the continuation of the Greco-Italian War beginning with the German invasion of Greece to the fall of Kalamata in the Peloponnese. Italian possessions in Dalmatia and their conquests in Albania provided a good springboard for an attack on Greece, which Mussolini felt would be easy prey. The Greek Army, however, proved an able opponent, checking the Italian advance at several notable battles, including The Battle of Saranda, where the Greek army captured the Albanian port named for the Forty Martyrs of Sebaste, and the Battle of Pindus. www.mlahanas.de /Greece/History/BattleOfGreece.html   (387 words)

The Balkan causes of World War I After the Greco-Turk war of 1897, the ethnic fighting in Macedonia, the two Balkan Wars, and the Italian war with Turkey in 1911, war in the Balkans was not unusual. The debate began during the war itself as each side tried to lay blame on the other, became part of the "war guilt" question after 1918, went through a phase of revisionism in the 1920s, and was revived in the 1960s thanks to the work of Fritz Fischer. The war party in Vienna hoped that the Serbs would fail to agree, and that this could be an excuse for war. www.lib.msu.edu /sowards/balkan/lect15.htm   (4360 words)

FOREIGN POLICY [1897-1922] During the Greco-Italian war that broke out in 1911 aiming at the capture of Tripolis and the Cyrenean by the Italians, the capture of the Dodecanese has been decided by the Italians, in order to check the supply of the Turks. The Italian occupation has been presented to the inhabitants as temporary in the context of the Italo-Turkish war. This occupation that had the character of a pledge character, as agreed upon after the Treaty of Ouchy in Switzerland in 1912, was the official status on the eve of the First World War. www.fhw.gr /chronos/13/en/foreign_policy/choros/09.html   (695 words)

Thomas Nelson Page. Italy and the World War. 1920. Footnotes. The cession to Italy by Austria-Hungary of the Trentino with the frontiers of the Italian kingdom of 1811, as defined by the Treaty of Paris of February 28, 1810. The renunciation by Italy of all power thereafter during the existing war to invoke in her own favor the provisions of Article VII of the Treaty of the Triple Alliance, Austria-Hungary to make the same renunciation as to all that regarded Italy's effective occupation of the Islands of the Dodecanese. It is said by Italian authorities that Foch did not believe that Italy could hold the Piave line, and was for Cadorna's withdrawing behind the Po-Mincio line; but that Cadorna held a different view, and his decision prevailed. www.lib.byu.edu /~rdh/wwi/comment/Italy/Pagenotes.htm   (3555 words)

Second World War Books: Book Survey This survey offers a guide to some of the most informative and entertaining books covering the battles in Italian East Africa during 1940 and 1941, with a small selection of titles providing background material on the pre-war Italian conquest of Abyssinia. Thus, the stage was set for a series of campaigns -- the initial Italian offensives and the eventual British counter-offensives -- which in many respects more closely resembled British colonial wars of the 19th Century than the relatively high-tech industrialized warfare which came to characterize the Second World War. By January 1941 the British were regularly reading all Italian communications traffic, usually faster than the Italians themselves, and putting the knowledge promptly to use. stonebooks.com /archives/981115.shtml   (3555 words)

Ethiopian History Books and Articles - Research Ethiopian History at Questia Online Library 8 "The Italian-Ethiopian War, October 1935-November 1941: Causes, Conduct, and Consequences") Great Powers and Little Wars: The Limits of Power (Chap. Elusive Peace: Negotiating an End to Civil Wars (Chap. www.questia.com /popularSearches/ethiopian_history.jsp   (3555 words)

CANADA'S WAR CRIMES PROGRAM - Seventh Annual Report In 2004, CBSA war crimes officials at National Headquarters and in the regional offices conducted a thorough file review of all the outstanding cases in their inventory where warrants were issued and adjusted the inventory so that outstanding warrants properly reflect concerns involving war crimes. Of these cases, 70% were found to be involved in war crimes or crimes against humanity; that is, they were excluded from refugee protection by the IRB because of war crimes or crimes against humanity or were found inadmissible for war crimes or crimes against humanity at an admissibility hearing. For example, warrants issued in cases that initially raised war crimes concerns no longer belong in the war crimes inventory if the persons are now failed refugee claimants, but were not excluded or found inadmissible because of war crimes or crimes against humanity. www.cbsa-asfc.gc.ca /general/enforcement/annual/annual7-e.html   (3555 words)

War Crimes and Crimes against Humanity Italian and U.S. officials have differed from the beginning about whether the soldiers adequately warned the car's occupants and whether the vehicle was speeding. The Italian report indicated that the Americans had to have been aware of the presence of Calipari and other Italian intelligence agents, even if they did not know the precise nature of their mission. The Italian report concurred that the shooting of Calipari was not deliberate, but it criticized U.S. forces for failing to establish "the most elementary precautions" for vehicles approaching checkpoints. www.christusrex.org /www1/news/lat-5-4-05a.html   (3555 words)

War The story develops afterwards during the Italian occupation of Cephallonia by the fascist forces and from that point of view, as the author admits, it is a "historical novel" that is bound to be read by some for what it does not tell and not for what it tells. For these war crimes, the Court of Nuremberg sentenced the General Hubert Lanz, who had controlled the troops of hunters of the mountain to 12 years of reclusion; he was released in 1951. The Italian forces (Esercito) were impressive (12 000 men of the 3th division of the infantry " Acqui " controlled by General Antonio Gandin) and badly informed because they axpected to meet a military resistance. www.stormpages.com /miliaresis/war.htm   (3555 words)

The Sham Of Milosevic's 'War Crimes' Trial In recent years, a remarkable number of Western military men have either confessed to war crimes or been revealed as war criminals -- yet for some reason the calls for their arrest or the arrest of their political masters have been almost nonexistent. Indeed, confessing war crimes -- or at least not really denying them -- seems to be the best guarantee of immunity from prosecution these days. But even more disturbing is the rank hypocrisy now on display by the countries that provide the bulk of the funds for the war crimes court. www.rense.com /general12/warc.htm   (3555 words)

Articles - Italian war crimes No Italian war criminal was put to court for crimes in Africa, France, the Balkans and on the Eastern Front, though more than 1,200 Italian officials were indicted to the relevant authorities. It is also important to note that, before and during World War II, the only laws of war were those established in Geneva conventions and in Kellogg-Briand Pact (signed by Italy), and that many acts of the Italian troops can be considered war crimes only under the later United Nations Charter (1945). Notice that no laws required United Kingdom to give Italian prisoners in British hands to foreign forces, and that Yugoslavian government, under the lead of Tito, had been partly responsible of the mass killing of Italian civilians and military prisoners during and after World War II (see Foibe). www.kamero.net /articles/Italian_war_crimes   (3555 words)

Washington's hypocrisy over Iraqi "war crimes" At Nuremberg, the first charge in the indictment against the surviving leaders of the Third Reich was conspiracy to wage aggressive war. What they have condemned as “savage” and a “war crime” is their opponents’ use of their only advantage—that it is their country and their people and that they are more willing to die to defend it than the invader is to conquer it. In that war too US officials claimed they were carrying out carefully targeted military strikes while working to win the “hearts and minds” of the people. www.wsws.org /articles/2003/mar2003/crim-m28.shtml   (3555 words)

Fascism in Sicilian History - Sicily's Fascists and Anti-Fascists - Fascism in Italy, Fascism in America It was the Fascist government in Italy, not the democratic ones in the United States and the United Kingdom, which conducted a war of terror against innocent Italians. Since Italy finished the war on the winning side, and the government soon declared a general amnesty for war crimes following establishment of the Italian Republic, none of these "patriots" were tried as war criminals, though some were very briefly imprisoned by the Allied Military Government. Granted that it was Italy to first declare war on the Allies (not vice versa), and that the Nazi reprisals were particularly cruel, Germany has always been an easier post-war target than the United States. www.bestofsicily.com /fascism.htm   (3555 words)

War Crimes Crimes against humanity: Murder, extermination, enslavement, deportation and other inhuman acts done against any civilian population, or persecutions on political, racial or religious grounds, when such acts are done or such persecutions are carried on in execution of or in connection with any crime against peace or any war crime. Crimes against peace: Planning, preparation, initiation or waging of a war of aggression or a war in violation of international treaties, agreements or assurances; Participation in a common plan or conspiracy for the accomplishment of any of the acts mentioned. Complicity in the commission of a crime against peace, a war crime, or a crime against humanity as set forth in Principles VI is a crime under international law. www.oilempire.us /warcrime.html   (3555 words)

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