
	Where results make sense

Topic: First Protectorate Parliament

	Parliament. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		Parliament consists, technically, of the monarch, the House of Commons, and the House of Lords, but the word in common usage refers to the members of the two houses or, more specifically to Commons alone.
		From Parliament’s judicial authority (derived, through the Lords, from the judicial powers of the great council) to consider petitions for the redress of grievances and to submit such petitions to the king, developed the practice of withholding financial supplies until the king accepted and acted on the petitions.
		The first step was achieved by the great Reform Bill of 1832 (see Reform Acts), followed by the Reform Bills of 1867 and 1884 and the eventual establishment of universal suffrage by the Representation of the People Acts in 1948.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pa/Parliame.html (2067 words)

	First Protectorate Parliament - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned by the Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell under the terms of the Instrument of Government.
		This was the first systematic redistribution of Parliamentary seats in English history and would not be matched for a Royal Parliament until the Reform Act 1832.
		The First Protectorate Parliament was preceded by the Barebones Parliament and succeeded by the Second Protectorate Parliament.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_Protectorate_Parliament (902 words)

	Second Protectorate Parliament 1656-58
		The Second Protectorate Parliament was called during the Rule of the Major-Generals under the urgent need to raise finances to continue the Anglo-Spanish war abroad and to maintain the system of military government at home.
		Under the terms of the Instrument of Government, Cromwell was not obliged to summon a new parliament until 1657 and he was reluctant to do so after the difficulties he had experienced with the First Protectorate Parliament in 1654-5.
		Outside Parliament, the exclusion was condemned as a worse violation of the constitution than King Charles' attempt to arrest the Five Members in 1642.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /glossary/protectorate-parliament-2.htm (903 words)

	[No title]
		Parliament was to be elected and to meet, not, as according to the Agreement of the People, once in two, but once in three years (§ 7), and to remain in session at least five months (§ 8).
		Parliament to nominate six, of which the Council is to choose two, of which the Protector is to choose one.
		Protector to dispose of the Militia and forces during the session of Parliament by consent of Parliament, and, when Parliament is not sitting, to dispose of the Militia with the consent of the Council.
	www.constitution.org /eng/conpur.txt (15765 words)

	England: Parliament 1640-1660 @ Archontology.org: presidents, kings, prime ministers, biography, database
		The Long Parliament summoned by King Charles I and convened on 3 Nov 1640 at Westminster became a revolutionary body, and was the center of resistance to the king during the English Civil Wars (1642-1651).
		By a resolution of 6 Jul 1653 the assembly assumed the name of Parliament (extended to the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England on 7 Jul 1653) that was officially announced in the Proclamation of 12 Jul 1653.
		This Parliament was dissolved by the Lord Protector on 4 Feb 1658.
	www.archontology.org /nations/england/commonwealth/01_parl_1640.php (1243 words)

	First Protectorate Parliament 1654-55
		The First Protectorate Parliament was summoned under the terms of the Instrument of Government and consisted of a single chamber of 400 English and Welsh MPs with an additional 30 each from Scotland and Ireland.
		Cromwell had high hopes for this Parliament, but the free elections held during the summer of 1654 returned a House that included presbyterians, republicans and even royalist sympathisers, all of whom were hostile to the Protectorate and resentful of the continuing political influence of the Army.
		Angered and frustrated, Cromwell dissolved the First Protectorate Parliament in January 1655, which was the earliest opportunity allowed under the terms of the Instrument of Government.
	www.british-civil-wars.co.uk /glossary/protectorate-parliament-1.htm (442 words)

	Tarpley B1
		The first was the Norwegian army of King Harold Hardrada ("the pitiless"), a Byzantine general who had served as the commander of the Imperial Guard in Constantinople.
		As was first suggested by the present writer in 1981, the Venetian oligarchy (especially its "giovani" faction around Paolo Sarpi) responded by transferring its family fortunes (fondi), philosophical outlook, and political methods into such states as England, France, and the Netherlands.
		Under this system, the Doge was not the leader of a nation and the protector of all the people, as an absolute monarch might be; he was the chief functionary of a consortium of noble families who owned and ran the state for the private profit of their own fondi.
	www.abjpress.com /tarpb1.html (7338 words)

	Reference.com/Encyclopedia/Barebone's Parliament
		Barebone's Parliament, also known as the Nominated Assembly and the Parliament of Saints, came into being on July 4 1653, and was the last attempt of the English Commonwealth to find a stable political form before the installation of Oliver Cromwell as Lord Protector.
		However, the first published version of the speech records this sentence as "God doth manifest it to be a day of the Power of Jesus Christ", considerably softening the impact, and implying that he merely thought it to be a spiritually joyful occasion.
		The first clause of the report was voted against by 56 votes to 54 in a defeat for the moderates.
	www.reference.com /browse/wiki/Barebones_Parliament (1630 words)

	[No title]
		Johnson was first introduced to her mother his appearance was very forbidding; he was then lean and lank, so that his immense structure of bones was hideously striking to the eye, and the scars of the scrofula were deeply visible.
		His attention was first turned to the study of mathematics by a desire to inquire into the truth of judicial astrology, and he is said to have discovered the folly of that study by erecting a figure with the aid of one or two of the problems in Euclid.
		From the first law of Kepler, that every planet moves in an ellipse with the sun in one of its foci, he drew the still more general inference that the force by which the planet moves round that focus varies inversely as the square of its distance from the focus.
	www.ibiblio.org /pub/docs/books/gutenberg/1/2/0/5/12059/12059.txt (19814 words)

	Protectorate, in English history. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001-05
		By its terms, Cromwell assumed the title lord protector of the commonwealth of England, Scotland, and Ireland and agreed to share his power with a council of state and a Parliament of one house.
		In 1654, the first of the Dutch Wars was brought to a close and English sea power turned against Spain.
		Richard Cromwell succeeded as lord protector on the death of his father in 1658, but he was unable to control the army and resigned in May, 1659.
	www.bartleby.com /65/pr/Protecto.html (397 words)

	CROMWELL, Oliver [1653] @ Archontology.org: presidents, kings, prime ministers, biography, database
		When Lord Fairfax, reluctant to command the invasion of Scotland, resigned his commission as Commander-in-Chief, the Parliament of England passed an act constituting Cromwell "Captain General and Commander-in-Chief of the Forces raised, and to be raised, by Authority of Parliament, within the Commonwealth of England" (26 Jun 1650; commission dated 28 Jun 1650).
		Unsatisfied with the Rump Parliament, Cromwell conducted coup d'etat on 20 Apr 1653, and dissolved the Parliament and the Council of State.
		In 1654, Cromwell summoned the first Protectorate Parliament, but he was unable to find effective approach to republicans, who wished to destroy the Protectorate and the first Protectorate Parliament was dissolved in January 1655.
	www.archontology.org /nations/england/commonwealth/cromwell1a.php (963 words)

	Gardiner: Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution
		The Death Warrant of Charles I. The Commonwealth and Protectorate.
		An Ordinance by the Protector for the Union of England and Scotland.
		Writ summoning Richard Cromwell to the House of Lords of the Protectorate.
	www.constitution.org /eng/conpur_.htm (1055 words)

	Gloucester, 1640-60: The English Revolution \| British History Online
		The elections to the Long Parliament in November 1640 opened a new era for the city.
		Parliament was asked to provide money for repairing the city and for paying off loans incurred during the military crisis.
		61) The M.P.s elected to the second Protectorate parliament were Thomas Pury, the son of the alderman and former M.P., and the puritan alderman James Stephens.
	www.british-history.ac.uk /report.asp?compid=42283 (1839 words)

	Britannia: Monarchs of Britain
		Parliament resented the insincerity with which Charles settled with both them and the Scots, and despised his links with Catholicism.
		In November 1648, the Long Parliament was reduced to a "Rump" Parliament by the forced removal of 110 members of Parliament by Cromwell's army, with another 160 members refusing to take their seats in opposition to the action.
		With the death of the ancient constitution and Parliament in control, attention was turned to crushing rebellions in the realm, as well as in Ireland and Scotland.
	www.britannia.com /history/monarchs/mon48.html (1109 words)

	First World War.com - Primary Documents - Italian Entry into the War, 23 May 1915
		As for our operations against the Dardanelles, he considered it opposed, first, to the promise made by us not to proceed to any act which might endanger the status quo in the Balkans, and, secondly, to the spirit of the same treaty, which was based on the maintenance of the status quo.
		An immense outburst of indignation was kindled throughout Italy, and not among the populace, but among the noblest and most educated classes and among all the youth of the country, which is ready to shed its blood for the nation.
		This outburst of indignation was kindled as the result of the suspicion that a foreign Ambassador was interfering between the Italian Government, the Parliament, and the country.
	www.firstworldwar.com /source/italiandeclaration.htm (1956 words)

	Oliver Cromwell - Frequently asked questions
		Speech to the first parliament of the protectorate, Sept, 1654.
		Cromwell to the first protectorate parliament, 12 September 1654.
		Cromwell in a speech to the first protectorate parliament, 12 September 1654.
	www.olivercromwell.org /quotes1.htm (1018 words)

	Charles I - Outline of Important Events (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-18)
		Parliament passed three resolutions drafted by Sir John Eliot attacking the "illegal" collection of tonnage and poundage, and the religious doctrines of Arminianism.
		Parliament presents Charles with the "Grand Remonstrance," a statement of grievances (December).
		Solemn League and Covenant (an alliance between Parliament and Scotland; it implied a commitment to establish Presbyterianism in England).
	www.roanoke.edu /history/Gibbs/2000spHIST335ChasI.htm (927 words)

	The Constitutional Documents of the Puritan Revolution 1625-1660
		I. To the meeting of the Third Parliament of Charles I. From the Meeting of the Third Parliament of Charles I to the Meeting of the Long Parliament.
		The clauses relating to the power of Parliament in matters of finance seem to have been modelled on the old notion that ‘the King was to live of his own’ in ordinary times.
		The Protector, in return, received the right of appointing his successor, and to name the life-members of ‘the other House,’ which was now to take the place of the House of Lords.
	oll.libertyfund.org /Texts/MiscPuritanRev0458/PuritanRev/0467_Bk.html (15298 words)

	Squashed Writers - The Letters and Speeches of Oliver Cromwell by Thomas Carlyle - condensed and abridged
		In this Parliament, which included not a few notable men, Cromwell made the first speech extant, justifying his dismissal of the Rump, and the summoning of this assembly, chosen as being godly men that have principles.
		But this Parliament failed of its business, which is no less than introducing the Christian religion into real practice in the social affairs of this nation; and dissolved itself after five months.
		First Protectorate Parliament being ended, the next is not due yet awhile.
	www.btinternet.com /~glynhughes/squashed/letterscromwell.htm (3188 words)

	The politics of the libre commons
		The Res Communes license is designed to reject a state–centred legal construct of a commons (or commons without commonalty) in order to concentrate on creating a common which is shared between us in collective practices (a commons with commonalty).
		Or a UN protectorate to defend the sanctity of ideas and concepts.
		We might picture something akin to Bruno Latour’s ‘Parliament of Things’, a space where not just the human is represented, but all of life has a defender, all of life has a voice (Latour, 1993).
	firstmonday.org /issues/issue11_9/berry/index.html (5914 words)

	LPKY
		The usual road to slavery is that first they take away your guns, then they take away your property, then last of all they tell you to shut up and say you are enjoying it.
		Every friend of freedom must be as revolted as I am by the prospect of turning the United States into an armed camp, by the vision of jails filled with casual drug users and of an army of enforcers empowered to invade the liberty of citizens on slight evidence.
		The bureaucrat's first objective, of course, is preservation of his job – provided by the big-government system, at the taxpayers expense.
	www.lpky.org /LPKY23.html (16350 words)

	Countrybookshop.co.uk - Cromwellian Protectorate, The
		Examining the nature of the first regime to have effective control of the British Isles and the impact it had on England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales and on Britain's international reputation, this study views the Cromwellian period as one of acheivement rather than merely a reactionary regime.
		Examining the nature of the first regime ever to have effective control of the British Isles and the impact that it had on England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales and on Britain's international reputation, this study views the Cromwellian period as one of acheivement rather than merely a reactionary regime.
		It examines the aspirations of the Cromwellian Protectorate and underlines their commitment to a radical vision, despite the pressures and crises that the regime faced.
	www.countrybookshop.co.uk /books/index.phtml?whatfor=0719043166 (458 words)

	Some Important Dates (17th century), from list in Christopher Hill and Edmund Dell, eds
		Seizure of Power by parliament: Triennial Act, Acts against dissolution without consent, against unparliamentary taxation, abolition of Star Chamber and High Commission, execution of Strafford, imprisonment of Laud, control of armed forces.
		Parliament signs agreement with Scots, Solemn League and Covenant.
		On death of Oliver, Richard Cromwell becomes Lord Protector.
	www.mtholyoke.edu /courses/hgarrett/documents/17cdates.html (207 words)

	The Medieval Times Vol III No. 17
		Over the next couple of weeks, we will be compiling all submitted photos (whether published or not) into a gallery and the readers will be invited to select their favorites in each of the three categories: Tournament, Pageantry, and Territorial (Event Landscape).
		After TRM asked him if he would accept this peerage from their hands at the next Bryn Glwad Championship, he asked their permission to speak with two members of the circle.
		First, he hugged his wife, Mistress Ariella and whispered his question to her.
	www.medtimes.org /issues/v03n17.htm (2644 words)

	H-Net Review: Martyn Bennett on Cromwell and the Interregnum
		His answer is no, not really: if there was any sense of a dictatorship it came not because of a military aspect to government, but because Cromwell felt that he was the guardian of the peoples' route to a godly magistracy.
		Anthony Fletcher argues that the rural government of the country was more firmly established in the hands of the gentry because central government was quite weak in its effects on the localities, not the heavy-handed behemoth represented by the brief experiment with major-generals.
		A settlement and liberty of conscience were so incompatible that Smith argues it brought an untimely end to the sittings of the first protectorate parliament because it led to intractable division between Cromwell and MPs.
	www.h-net.org /reviews/showrev.cgi?path=29011070794844 (865 words)

	The Medieval Times Vol V No.9
		Each entered the hall and ascended the stairs to the dais where they were greeted by James and Elina, King and Queen of the host nation of Æthelmearc, then proceeded to their places upon the dais.
		In this unique series, the profiles of the most renowned SCA combatants are surveyed to record and pass on what has been learned about armoured combat through the combined efforts of thousands of individuals.
		This first volume presents a unique profile of the philosophy by perhaps the most influential SCA combatant and theorist, Paul Porter, known in the Society for more than thirty years as Paul of Bellatrix
	medtimes.org /archives/v5n9.htm (3609 words)

	Oliver Cromwell
		At Edgehill, scene of the first great battle of the English civil war, and later at Worchester, the setting of Cromwell's final victory over Charles II [sic], in the year 1651, it was Adams' turn to be deeply moved.
		Here were "scenes where freemen had fought for their rights," he wrote in his diary.
		In a letter to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland.
	www.tks.org /articles/oliver_cromwell.htm (517 words)

	The National Archives Learning Curve \| Civil War \| What kind of ruler was Oliver Cromwell? \| Cromwell in his own words ...
		These extracts come from a speech that Cromwell made to Parliament in 1657.
		In 1657 Parliament asked him to accept the ‘Humble Petition and Advice’.
		However, he found this difficult and dismissed the first Protectorate Parliament in January 1655.
	www.learningcurve.gov.uk /civilwar/g6/cs1/s4 (304 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)