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Topic: First Republic of Czechoslovakia

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	First Republic of Czechoslovakia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The independence of Czechoslovakia was proclaimed on October 28, 1918, by the Czechoslovak National Council in Prague.
		As the principal founding father of the republic, Masaryk was regarded similar to the way George Washington is regarded in the United States.
		Czechoslovakia's centralized political structure might have been well suited to a single nation-state, but it proved inadequate for a multinational state.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Czechoslovakia:_1918_-_1938 (1837 words)

	The Test of Ethnicity - Switzerland and Czechoslovakia
		The first president of the First Republic of Czechoslovakia was the son of a coachman to the Austro-Hungarian Emperor Franz Joseph.
		First, ecstatic German and pro-German Czech and Slovak crowds greet Hitler as he rides into the city which was one of the oldest original German cities; and alongside, not all the Czech minority welcomed the German occupation, as evidenced by these faces in the crowd as German troops drive in.
		The Sovietization of Czechoslovakia and the suppression of free enterprise brought about an inevitable economic decline, and by 1968, a part of the Communist Party had realized that reforms were necessary to prevent a total collapse of the state.
	www.white-history.com /hwr34i.htm (3246 words)

	ipedia.com: History of Czechoslovakia Article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The creation of Czechoslovakia in 1918 was the culmination of the long struggle of the Czechs against their Austrian rulers and of the Slovaks against Hungarisation and their Hungarian rulers.
		Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia for present-day Czech Republic, and
		Czechoslovakia became a satellite of the Soviet Union; it was a founding member of the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (Comecon) in 1949 and of the Warsaw Pact in 1955.
	www.ipedia.com /history_of_czechoslovakia.html (2960 words)

	Czech Republic
		At first, the country's economy was strong enough to allow for a rise in the standard of living and to satisfy the public's aroused passion for material goods.
		Not surprisingly, Czechoslovakia was one of the staunchest opponents of the 1980-81 reforms and the Solidarity movement in Poland.
		The response of the Husak regime to the Charter 77 movement was reminiscent of the Stalinist era in Czechoslovakia.
	www.mongabay.com /reference/country_studies/czech-republic/all.html (17525 words)

	Talk:Democratic Republic of Georgia - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		I'll change it to First Republic of Czechoslovakia, which might have been unofficially (and wrongly) referred to as 'Czech Republic' at the time.
		Some of the changes I've been reverting of yours explained: linking the Mountainous Republic to Northern Caucausus: this is a poor example of piping, as the Northern Caucausus article only talks about the region, not the short-lived autonomous region.
		Furthermore, the land comparison should remain, to explain the difference in area between the two incarnations of the republic of Georgia.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Talk:Democratic_Republic_of_Georgia (212 words)

	Czech Republic - COMMUNIST CZECHOSLOVAKIA (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		The re-emergence of Czechoslovakia as a sovereign state was not only the result of Allied policies but also an indication of the strength of the Czechoslovak idea, particularly as embodied in the First Republic.
		Thus the political and economic organization of postwar Czechoslovakia was largely the result of negotiations between Benes and KSC exiles in Moscow.
		Benes continued as president of the republic, and Jan Masaryk, son of the revered founding father, continued as foreign minister.
	countrystudies.us /czech-republic/37.htm (915 words)

	Czechoslovakia: 1968 -- The Class Character of the Events: Capitalist restoration would mean imperialism in East Europe
		Of course with Czechoslovakia in the imperialist camp the military threat to the Soviet Union from the West would be enormously increased since Czechoslovakia is a gateway to the Soviet Union, especially with a militarized neo-Nazi regime in West Germany.
		The attempt is being made to transfer to the first republic and its president, Thomas Masaryk, the aura of independence in the revolutionary context of the independence of oppressed countries of Asia, Africa and Latin America today.
		The first republic was born in the struggle against the Bolshevik revolution and the party of Lenin.
	www.workers.org /marcy/cd/samczech/czech/czech04.htm (6396 words)

	The First Republic of Czechoslovakia - T. G. Masaryk to World War II
		The First Republic and World War II With the fall of the Austro-Hungarian Empire after World War I, the Czech lands and Slovakia jointly proclaimed the establishment of independent Czechoslovakia on October 28, 1918.
		Prague became the capital of the country and the Prague Castle became the seat of the first president of Czechoslovakia, Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk.
		Czechoslovakia had a parliamentary democracy, concentrated 70% of the industry of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire, and had an economy that was among the strongest in the world.
	www.myczechrepublic.com /basics/first_republic.html (441 words)

	Vaclav Havel
		Venoušek took his first steps in the early autumn of 1937 — at precisely the moment that Czechoslovakia was pushed to its knees by the power-posturing of neighbouring states and alliances.
		Czechoslovakia, the most resilient parliamentary republic of central Europe, was to be turned into a devil's playground.
		The fledgling parliamentary republic of Czechoslovakia was on the verge of becoming the unlucky testing ground for something new in the ways and means of power.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/k/keane-havel.html (5796 words)

	National Czech & Slovak Museum & Library - Czech Technology in Motion (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		When Czechoslovakia "emerged" from behind the iron curtain in 1989, its vehicles were no longer competitive with the rest of Europe.
		The First Czechoslovak Republic, 1919-1938, was a time of high production at the factory and for a many years Praga produced more automobiles than either Škoda or Tatra.
		Their first models were called Oskars and many of the original parts, such as the wheels and suspension system, were adapted from motorcycles.
	www.ncsml.org /exhibits/past/exhibit-tech.htm (1260 words)

	Tomas Garrigue Masaryk - Czechoslovakia's first president - 28-10-2002 - Radio Prague
		The first independent state of Czechs and Slovaks was established on October 28th, 1918.
		Although Czechoslovakia was split into two separate states - the Czech Republic and Slovakia - in the so-called "Velvet Divorce" almost ten years ago, the Czechs, unlike the Slovaks, still celebrate October 28th as a national holiday.
		After all, the first republic of Czechoslovakia was the first time in modern history where both Czechs and Slovaks had an independent state to call their own.
	www.radio.cz /en/article/33785 (770 words)

	Central Europe Review - Czech women's rights movement and higher education
		When the Czechs, together with the Slovaks, finally had a republic of their own in 1918, the Czech public was already well accustomed to the idea of a factory working woman, and was well on its way to getting accustomed to the concept of an academically educated professional woman.
		First, their recent national history was quite generous with them, and second, they just gained a strong and educated ally in the first President of Czechoslovakia, T G Masaryk.
		Teaching was one of the first professional occupations open to women in the nineteenth century, and it was to become one of the over-feminized professions after 1945.
	www.ce-review.org /99/14/koenig14the.html (20709 words)

	Czech Maps from Omnimap.com, world leader in map supply
		In the listings below, the name Czechoslovakia is used to denote maps produced before the breakup of the two republics which cover the combined territory.
		Maps of the Czech Republic are found in this section and maps of Slovakia are found under Slovakia.
		Czech Republic Map of Castles and Chateaux (Hrady a Zámky).
	www.omnimap.com /catalog/int/czech.htm (1175 words)

	[No title]
		(Coffey) (Kosman) Czechoslovakia’s First Republic is often considered the shining success of democracy during the interwar period in central and eastern Europe.
		In a law established in March of 1939 by Czechoslovakia’s nearly facist Second Republic, Lety was designated as a work camp for nomads, drifters and other anti-social elements.
		As an accession member of the European Union, the Czech Republic has had to deal with Lety and its Roma population very carefully in order to be included in European Institutions which require a higher standard to human rights.
	www.ceu.hu /crc/cdc/cpfp/laubeova/essayMichael.doc (2352 words)

	History
		Czechoslovakia's history as an independent republic only goes back to 1918, just after the end of World War I. The history of the Czech and Slovak people, however, extends much further back.
		The first Republic of Czechoslovakia attained an economic position that ranked in the top ten of the world's industrialized nations.
		He became the first elected President of the newly democratic Republic of Czechoslovakia.
	www.jobmonkey.com /teaching/europe/html/history.html (1372 words)

	Post-War Czechoslovakia
		In Czechoslovakia the Stalinists accused their opponents of "conspiracy against the people's democratic order" and "high treason" in order to oust them from positions of power.
		Major causes of the decline were the diversion of labor from agriculture to industry (in 1948 an estimated 2.2 million workers were employed in agriculture; by 1960, only 1.5 million); the suppression of the kulak, the most experienced and productive farmer; and the peasantry's opposition to collectivization, which resulted in sabotage.
		The judiciary was combined with the prosecuting branch; all judges were committed to the protection of the socialist state and the education of citizens in loyalty to the cause of socialism.
	www.shsu.edu /~his_ncp/CzechPW.html (4734 words)

	History of Czecholsovakia, 1918-1992
		Aspects of the First Republic I: Politics and Economics.
		Aspects of the First Republic II: Society and Culture.
		The Second Republic and the First Breakup of Czechoslovakia.
	www.columbia.edu /~bfa4/cs.html (599 words)

	Czechoslovakia
		Another topic: so-called "Czechoslovakia 1920 flag" (with the blue triangle reaching one third of the flag) was only proposal, not accepted by the Parliament and never used.
		(1) The Flag and (!) the Standart of the President of the Czech and Slovak Federal Republic is white with a bordure, compound from flames alternate of white, red and bloue.
		(1) The Standart of the President of the Republic is white, with bordure of white, blue and red small fields: In its centre are the State Arms, by sides with linden branches (golden).
	www.crwflags.com /fotw/flags/xc.html (1614 words)

	Military - Eastern Slovakia
		In the treaty, it was specified that all archive records belonging to the new nation of Czechoslovakia be repatriated.
		Military records from 1918 onward were held by the Successor nations of Czechoslovakia first republic (1918-1939), Slovakia first republic (1939-1944), Czechoslovakia second republic (1945-1993) and Slovakia (1993 to present.) Since the archive system did not substantively change during these periods, these records remained intact and in-place.
		It appears that the archives were not properly funded to properly split the records in 1993 when Czechoslovakia was split into the Czech and Slovak Republics.
	www.iabsi.com /gen/public/military_records_in_upper_hungar.htm (1650 words)

	Czech and Slovak History: An Annotated Bibliography (European Reading Room, Library of Congress)
		Connaughton, Richard M. The Republic of the Ushakovka: Admiral Kolchak and the Allied Intervention in Siberia, 1918-20.
		Bruegel, Johann W. "The Germans in Pre-war Czechoslovakia." In A History of the Czechoslovak Republic, 1918-1948, 1973 [Chapter 4, Mamatey and Luza]: 167-87.
		Little Entente in Chapters 5 and 6, Czechoslovakia in From 1306 to 1608, Summary and Epilogue entitled Leon Blum and Czechoslovakia in 1938.
	www.loc.gov /rr/european/cash/cash7.html (9801 words)

	Karel Äapek: free web books, online (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Many of his works discuss ethical and other aspects of the revolutionary inventions and processes that were already expected in the first half of 20th century.
		Karel Äapek died in the December preceding the outbreak of World War II and was interred in the Vysehrad cemetery in Prague.
		After the war, Äapek's work was only reluctantly accepted by the Communist regime of Czechoslovakia, since during his life he had refused to believe in a communist utopia as a viable alternative to the threat of Nazi domination.
	etext.library.adelaide.edu.au /c/capek/karel (801 words)

	Maps - Eastern Slovakia
		This present-day Ukraine region borders Eastern Slovakia and incorporates the: a) pre-1918 Hungary Ung, Mamaros, Bereg and Ugocsa counties, b) former 1918-1939 Czechoslovakia territory of Zakarpasta/Subcarpathia/Ruthenia and c) the inter-WWII territory Hungarian territory called Carpatho-Ukraine.
		These are a small set (Podkarpatska region) of what I would consider very important maps of the first republic of Czechoslovakia.
		The "_index.jpg" file (458K) is a map showing the map numbers for the entire Czechoslovakia in 1926.
	www.iabsi.com /gen/public/maps.htm (1198 words)

	The Idea of Education - 2005 Conference Venue and Accommodation
		The conference is to be staged at CERGE-EI, a joint workplace in the field of Economics associated with two highly respected institutions, Charles University in Prague and the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic.
		The first known structure on the site of what is now CERGE-EI was a pharmacist's home during the time of Charles IV (1346-1378).
		In 1918, after the founding of the First Republic (independent Czechoslovakia), the building became the headquarters of the State Bank of Czechoslovakia.
	www.inter-disciplinary.net /ati/education/ioe/ioe4/vaa.htm (544 words)

	CzechSite: Czech History (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		In 1948 the Communist staged coup d'etat and Czechoslovakia became a communist country.
		In the 1960s Czechoslovakia enjoyed a gradual liberalization under the reformist general secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party, Alexander Dubcek.
		In 1969 the reformist Dubcek was replaced by the orthodox Gustav Husak and Czechoslovakia stayed a communist country under the Soviet influence.
	www.czechsite.com /history.html (413 words)

	CIA - The World Factbook -- Czech Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-14)
		Following the First World War, the closely related Czechs and Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form Czechoslovakia.
		With the collapse of Soviet authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its freedom through a peaceful "Velvet Revolution." On 1 January 1993, the country underwent a "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the Czech Republic and Slovakia.
		The Czech Republic is one of the most stable and prosperous of the post-Communist states of Central and Eastern Europe.
	www.cia.gov /cia/publications/factbook/geos/ez.html (1341 words)

	Our friends' birthdays (Literature / Poetry)
		He introduced and made popular the frequently used international word robot, which first appeared in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots) in 1920.
		This extraordinary relationship between the great author and the great political leader is perhaps unique, and is known to have been an inspiration to Vaclav Havel.
		Nelson Algren for sure had also other qualities, because it is said that she had her first orgasm with him (at the age of 39!!).
	www.proz.com /topic/41134 (1408 words)

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