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Topic: First Spanish Republic

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Spanish Republic

Second Spanish Republic

First Republic

2nd Spanish Republic

Enlightenment Spain

Spanish Civil War

Amadeus I of Spain

Carlist Wars

Juan Carlos

Carlism

Third Republic

History of Spain

Anarchism in Spain

Habsburg Spain

Isabel II of Spain

	History of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Roman Iberia is discussed under Hispania and in entries keyed to the Roman provinces into which it was divided: and during the late Roman Republic; and, during the Roman Empire, Hispania Taraconensis in the northeast, Hispania Baetica in the south (roughly corresponding to Andalucia), and Lusitania in the southwest (corresponding to modern Portugal).
		The king was not often in Spain, and as he approached the end of his life he made provision for the division of the Habsburg inheritance into two parts: on the one hand Spain, and its posessions in the Mediterranean and overseas, and the Holy Roman Empire itself on the other.
		Spanish Guinea was granted independence as Equatorial Guinea in 1968, while the Moroccan enclave of Ifni had been ceded to Morocco in 1969.
	www.sterlingheights.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/History_of_Spain (4525 words)

	Second Spanish Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Second Spanish Republic (1931–1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people.
		The first president was Niceto Alcalá Zamora (1931–1936).
		The Republic suffered a terrible crisis when General Franco attempted a coup on July 18, 1936, which was the start of the Spanish Civil War.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/s/se/second_spanish_republic.html (390 words)

	Second Spanish Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people.
		The first president was Niceto Alcalá-Zamora (1931 – 1936).
		The Republic suffered a terrible crisis when General Franco and other army officers attempted a coup on 18 July 1936, which was the start of the Spanish Civil War.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Second_Spanish_Republic (496 words)

	Spanish Language Encyclopedia Article, Definition, History, Biography (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Spanish is one of the official languages of the United Nations and the European Union.
		Spanish is also spoken by segments of the populations in Aruba, Canada, Israel (both standard Spanish and Ladino), northern Morocco (both standard Spanish and Ladino), Netherlands Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, Turkey (Ladino), the U.S. Virgin Islands, and Western Sahara.
		Spanish ceased to be an official language of the Philippines in 1987, and it is now spoken by less than 0.01% of the population; 2,658 speakers (1990 Census).
	www.alienartifacts.com /encyclopedia/Spanish_language (2751 words)

	Spanish Civil War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Spanish Civil War (July 1936–April 1939) was a conflict in which incumbent Spanish Republicans and left-wing groups fought against a nationalist rebellion led by General Francisco Franco, who succeeded in overthrowing the Republican government and establishing a dictatorship.
		The rebellion was opposed by the government (with the troops that remained loyal to the Republic), as well as by Socialist, Communist and anarchist groups.
		The Spanish Civil War was also an example of total war, where the bombing of the Basque town of Guernica by the Legión Cóndor, as depicted by Pablo Picasso in Guernica, foreshadowed episodes of World War II such as the bombing campaign on Britain by the Nazis and the bombing of Dresden by the Allies.
	www.secaucus.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Spanish_Civil_War (4611 words)

	Carlist Wars - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Carlists were the supporters of Carlos, a pretender to the throne and brother of the deceased Ferdinand VII, who denied the validity of the Pragmatic Sanction that abolished the Salic Law.
		The First Carlist War lasted over seven years and the fighting spanned most of the country at one time or another, although the main conflict centered around the Carlist homelands of the Basque Country and Aragon.
		The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was considered by the Carlists as yet another crusade against secularism.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Carlist_Wars (329 words)

	Reconquista - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Reconquista (Spanish and Portuguese for reconquest) was the military reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula by Christian rulers, led against the Moors from 718 to 1492.
		The first king was Iñigo Arista and he expanded his domains up to the Bay of Biscay and conquering some towns beyond the Pyrenees, but never attacking directly the Carolingian armies, as he was his supposed vassal.
		The fueros were the way to escape from the feudal system, as fueros were only given by the king or the count of Castile, as a counterpart, the town council (the concejo) only was dependant on him and had to help their lord: auxilium, and their military force was known as caballeros villanos.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Reconquista (4628 words)

	Encyclopedia: First Spanish Republic
		The Restoration was the name given to the period that began in 29 December 1874 after the First Spanish Republic ended with the restoration of the throne to Alfonso XII afer a coup detat by Arsenio Martínez Campos, and ended on the 14 April 1931 with the proclamation...
		Flag of the Second Spanish Republic The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people.
		Former countries Flag of the Second Spanish Republic The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head of State and Head of government were in the hands of the people.
	www.nationmaster.com /encyclopedia/First-Spanish-Republic (1574 words)

	Historical Flags 1785-1931 (Spain) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The first Republic however never did adopt that colour, the national flag remained yellow and red as before (only was the royal crown removed from the coats-of-arms on the flags, being re-established in 1875).
		Spanish explorations and landings on the west coast of Canada in 1592 and 1774, however, were not consolidated by any settlement.
		The first Spanish vertical red-yellow-red flag was the square one established in 1878 for Ministers.
	flagquest.com /FOTW/flags/es-18-19.html (1452 words)

	Amadeo I of Spain - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		He was the second son of Victor Emmanuel II (King of Piedmont, Savoy, Sardinia and, later, first King of Italy) and Mary Adelaide of Austria.
		At ten o'clock that same night, Spain was proclaimed a republic, at which Amadeus made an appearance before the Cortes, proclaiming the Spanish people ungovernable.
		The first Spanish Republic lasted less than two years, and in 1875 Alfonso XII, the son of Isabella II, was proclaimed king, with Antonio Cánovas del Castillo, Spanish prime minister from 1873 until his assassination in 1893, briefly regent.
	www.leessummit.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Amadeus_I_of_Spain (452 words)

	Spanish Republic - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Franco declared Spain to be a monarchy, but did not permit a monarch until his death in 1975.
		Spain is not currently a republic; it is a constitutional monarchy.
		Occasional embarrassing errors in this regard may have been caused by the Spanish language title of the Prime Minister of Spain, Presidente del Gobierno (president of the government) sometimes shortened to Presidente (president).
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Spanish_Republic (127 words)

	Spain under the Restoration - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Restoration was the name given to the period that began in 29 December 1874 after the First Spanish Republic ended with the restoration of the throne to Alfonso XII afer a coup d'etat by Arsenio Martínez Campos, and ended on the 14 April 1931 with the proclamation of the Second Spanish Republic.
		The socialist syndicate UGT and the anarchist syndicate CNT suscribed a pact in 1917 which led to a general strike all across the country, which failed because the syndicates could not movilize the rural workers.
		This caused Alfonso to abdicate the throne, after the army refused to defend him and the Second Spanish Republic to be established under a provisional government led by Niceto Alcalá-Zamora.
	www.hartselle.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/Spain_under_the_Restoration (807 words)

	SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC FACTS AND INFORMATION (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The Second Spanish Republic (1931 – 1939) was the second and last period in Spanish history in which the election of both the positions of Head_of_State and Head_of_government were in the hands of the people.
		The Republic, under military boycott by Britain and France, was militarily inferior to Franco's Nazi aided forces and dependent for aircraft and tanks upon Stalin's distant USSR and for some of its front line troops upon International_Brigades comprising socialist volunteers from around the world, whose officers were typically Russian Red_Army regulars, and anarchist militias.
		During this period, Franco declared Spain to be a monarchy, but kept himself as regent to the throne.
	www.19gmarketinggroup.com /Second_Spanish_Republic (393 words)

	Nicaragua
		The first diocese was erected in 1547, though not occupied till 1556.
		The first native-born saint of the new world was Rose of Lima, a Dominican tertiary who died in 1617, and was canonized in 1671.
		The first community of American origin, Sisters of Charity of St. Joseph, was founded by St. Elizabeth Ann Seton, the first American-born canonized saint.
	www.ewtn.com /new_evangelization/america/history/countries3.htm (1402 words)

	International Paintings and Sculpture \| Elegy to the Spanish Republic (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The recurring motif that defines the Elegies to the Spanish Republic first appeared in 1948 in a pen and ink drawing by Motherwell which was intended to illustrate a poem by writer and critic Harold Rosenberg in the second (unpublished) issue of the periodical Possibilities.
		Elegy to the Spanish Republic 1958 is particularly interesting because it is the earliest of the Elegies in which the artist has used the acrylic paint, Magma, a brand invented by Leonard Bocour, which a number of major American artists experimented with in the late 1950s.
		Elegy to the Spanish Republic 1958-60 appears a summation of the series so far, whereas the National Gallery of Australia's Elegy to the Spanish Republic 1958, marks the beginning of a new phase, exploring the subtleties of a new medium within the established imagery of the Elegies.
	www.nga.gov.au /International/Catalogue/Detail.cfm?IRN=187644&BioArtistIRN=22859&MnuID=SRCH&GalID=ALL (1128 words)

	Second Spanish Republic (1931-1939)
		The flag of the Second Spanish Republic (1931-39) was a tricolour (red, yellow and purple) in horizontal stripes of the same dimension, unlike the traditional red-yellow-red Spanish flag, with a shield in the middle.
		The purple colour is inspired in the second quarter of the Spanish arms (both republican and monarchist), Leon (argent a lion purpure).
		The Spanish Red Cross flag, adopted 2 June 1933 was the same [as es-1931s.gif] in ratio 1:1, but the stripes in proportions 1:2:1.
	lacucaracha.info /scw/flags/es-1931.html (1148 words)

	WS-SpARmy
		Were Spanish political leaders to capitulate to American demands without a test of arms, the politicians would likely turn the ire of the entire Army against them and their constitutional regime.
		In the aftermath of Spain’s disastrous defeat in 1898, Spanish intellectuals clamored for a thoroughgoing reform of Spanish politics; Spanish politicians examined which of their nation’s military leaders should be held responsible for the debacle; and a lieutenant general, Camilo Polavieja, contemplated a military coup.
		Spanish historian and Air Force General Alfredo Kindelán later saw the ultimately successful 1909 Moroccan operation as ending the depression endured by the soul of the Spanish military in consequence of its defeat in 1898.
	www.army.mil /cmh-pg/documents/spanam/WS-SpARmy.htm (4080 words)

	First Spanish Republic -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The First (Click link for more info and facts about Spanish Republic) Spanish Republic lasted only two years, between 1873 and 1874.
		The Republican leaders planned the establishment of a (Any federal law-enforcement officer) federal republic, but did not declare it immediately, and instead planned a Constituent Cortes to write a federal constitution.
		The government collapsed, leading to the end of the republic, the restoration of the monarchy, and the proclamation of (Click link for more info and facts about Alfonso XII) Alfonso XII as king.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fi/first_spanish_republic.htm (267 words)

	1873 - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		February 11 - Spanish Cortes deposes King Amadeus I and proclaims the First Spanish Republic.
		February 12 - Former foreign minister becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic.
		Royal Montreal Club in Montreal, Quebec is founded, becoming the first permanent golf club in North America.
	www.bonneylake.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/1873 (1026 words)

	Center for International Rehabilitation Research Information and Exchange: An Introduction to the Culture of The ...
		Immigrants from The Dominican Republic are among the ten largest immigrant groups in the United States. Dominicans have settled largely on the east coast of the U.S. They are the second largest Hispanic/Latino group in New York City, with Puerto Ricans being the first.
		The Dominican Republic is located on the island of Hispaniola in the West Indies, together with its neighbor to the west, Haiti. The eastern two thirds of Hispaniola belongs to the Dominican Republic and the western one third to Haiti.
		The first thing these families need is trust. As soon as they find out that the purpose of a program is simply to serve the interests of the individual with disability, the families are likely to change their attitude and cooperate with the system in a very positive way.
	cirrie.buffalo.edu /domrep.html (11272 words)

	Why Study Spanish?!? (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		Spanish is the official language, not only of Spain, but also of México, Central America, the Caribbean islands of Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Dominican Republic, and most of South America.
		Spanish, with approximately 320 MILLION speakers, is the fourth most spoken language on the planet and the United States is now officially the fifth largest Spanish-speaking country in the world!
		Spanish is the official language in 21 countries, and in Canada, it is the first language of over 180,000 people.
	departments.bloomu.edu /langcult/motivation/whyspa.html (365 words)

	List of Counts of Barcelona - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		During the Franco era the exiled heir to the Spanish throne, Juan de Borbón, used the title of Count of Barcelona.
		This seems to have been intended as a half-measure, claiming a title that was historically royal, but stopping short of claiming to be a current king of Spain.
		Upon the restoration of the Spanish monarchy in 1975, Juan de Borbón was passed over as king in favor of his son Juan Carlos; the son officially awarded him the title of Count of Barcelona in 1978, which he held until his death in 1993.
	peekskill.us /project/wikipedia/index.php/List_of_Counts_of_Barcelona (854 words)

	1873 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		February 12 - Former foreign minister Emilio Cistelar y Ripoli becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic.
		August 4 - Indian Wars: While protecting a railroad survey party in Montana, the United States 7th Cavalry, under Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer, clash for the first time with the Sioux (near the Tongue River; only one man on each side is killed).
		Henry Rose exhibits barbed wire at an Illinois county fair, which is taken up by Joseph Glidden and Jacob Haish, who invent a machine to mass-produce it.
	www.1-free-software.com /en/wikipedia/1/18/1873.html (761 words)

	International Paintings and Sculpture \| Elegy to the Spanish Republic
		Motherwell's Elegies to the Spanish Republic is a collective title that describes a body of work that occupied the artist for over forty years from the late 1940s to his death in 1991.
		It was in the early 1950s that Motherwell began to use the generic title Elegy to the Spanish Republic to mark this significant body of his work.
		Elegy to the Spanish Republic 1958, which is uncharacteristically unnumbered, was probably painted in the second half of that year after the artist returned from Europe, perhaps with renewed commitment to the series.
	nga.gov.au /International/Catalogue/Detail.cfm?IRN=187644&...&GalID=ALL (1128 words)

	Flag_of_Spain
		One of the popular theories is that this scheme is based on the heraldic schemes of the various Spanish kingdoms, notably Aragon (note the red and yellow stripes of the Aragonese flag (also Catalan flag, as it belonged to the kingdom of Aragon)).
		The two columns with the "plus ultra" ensign (meaning "further" in latin) represent Spanish discovery and colonization of America, the columns being the mythological Pillars of Hercules (of the Strait of Gibraltar, gateway to the Atlantic Ocean).
		The purple band on the flag of the Second Spanish Republic is due to the flag of Castile having a purple variant as well as a red one.
	www.apawn.com /search.php?title=Flag_of_Spain (493 words)

	[No title] (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-19)
		The first known inhabitants of the island now containing the Dominican Republic were Arawak people.
		After a brief return to Spanish rule, from 1861 to 1863, the second Dominican Republic was proclaimed in 1865.
		In 1962 the Dominican Republic held its first free election in nearly four decades.
	www.siue.edu /~jbueno/COURSES/FL111C/AIDS/Topical_Index/santohis.htm (414 words)

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