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Topic: First Treaty of Torun

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	Torun - The real meaning from Timesharetalk wikipedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Previously the capital of the Torun Voivodeship (1975-98) and the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1921-39), Torun is one of the capitals of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999 as the city created the bipolar agglomeration Bydgoszcz-Torun with Bydgoszcz, located 45 km away.
		Torun was liberated from the Nazis in 1945 by the Soviet Red Army and returned to Polish administration by the Potsdam Conference.
		Torun together with Bydgoszcz compose a bipolar metroplex which, including those cities' counties and a number of smaller towns, may have a population of as much as 800,000.
	www.timesharetalk.co.uk /wiki.asp?k=Torun (3190 words)

	Vytautas the Great - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		This treaty provided for the marriage of Jogaila to Jadwiga of Poland, and for him to become the King of Poland.
		In 1404 another treaty was signed which, in essence, repeated the Salynas treaty: Samogitia was transferred to the Teutonic Knights.
		As a result of the First Treaty of Torun in 1411, he received Samogitia for his lifetime.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Vytautas_the_Great (2197 words)

	(Poland: History of its Elective Democracy)
		The first rokosz took place in 1537, still in the period of hereditary monarchy, and lacked the constitutional sanction given to it 35 years later by the reservation clause on the refusal of obedience of the Henrician Articles.
		First, they were to call up five spokesmen from the city population at large, according to the ancient custom, then, with their consent, elect the Seym Deputies.
		Because this was the first election open to foreign as well as native candidates, the ambassadors, arriving in the country to introduce and promote their candidates, had to be received and dealt with.
	info-poland.buffalo.edu /JJ.html (11665 words)

	Service of Municipal Corporation of Toruń - A Tourist Guide - Monuments of Toruń presented by Benon Frąckowski part 1
		Toruń cathedral of saint John the Baptiser and saint John the Evangelist is the oldest gothic church in the Land of Chełmno, the beginnings of which are connected with the moment of granting Toruń the City Rights in 1233.
		A post-franciscan church, its roots reach the first half of XIII century; in the past it was a wooden building.
		In the former Artus Court the Second Treaty o Toruń or the Second Peace of Toruń was signed in 1466 ending the thirteen years war between the king Kazimierz Jagiellończyk and the Teutonic Knights.
	www.um.torun.pl /torun/turysta/zabytki_en.php (1538 words)

	The First Northern War, 1655-1660
		In 1658, Thorn (in Polish : Torun) was retaken.
		The war was ended with the TREATY OF OLIVA 1660, which did not result in any gain for Sweden, but in the recognition of the independence of the Duchy in Prussia by Poland.
		The Treaty of Copenhagen 1660 (with Denmark) left Sweden in the possession of Scania and Blekinge; the Stift Drontheim and Bornholm, as well as the share in the Sound Levy claimed by Sweden, were returned to Denmark.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/17cen/firstnorthern.html (956 words)

	Service of Municipal Corporation of Toruń - History of Toruń part 4
		Before the outbreak of the First World Wary (1910), the city was inhabited by 46 thousand citizens of whom 55-60% were Germans, 38-43% were Polish and 2% were of Jewish origin.
		One of the first administrative decisions of the Temporary Government, inspired by PPR (Polish Labour Party), was to move voivodship capital from "intellectual" Toruń to "working class" Bydgoszcz (on 2 March 1945).
		Ludwik Kolankowski was appointed the first rector of Nicolaus Copernicus University.
	www.um.torun.pl /torun/miasto/poznaj4_en.php (1125 words)

	United Nations Human Rights Website - Treaty Bodies Database - Document - State Party Report - Poland
		The new Constitution of the Republic of Poland is the first Polish supreme law which regulates the question of effectiveness of international law within the system of the Polish domestic law.
		An example of referring to treaty regulations in the formulation of an opinion on legal inadmissibility of extradition in the current legal status occurred recently in the examination of the case of citizens of the People's Republic of China.
		First of all, it stipulates that a complaint against detention may question the justifiability and lawfulness of the detention and request its immediate quashing.
	www.unhchr.ch /tbs/doc.nsf/(Symbol)/CAT.C.44.Add.5.En?Opendocument (13578 words)

	Informat.io on Torun
		The First Peace of Toruń ending the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411) was signed in the city in 1411.
		In the Treaty of Versailles in 1919 after World War I, Toruń became part of the Poland as the capital of the Pomeranian Voivodship, even though it was not situated in Pomerania.
		Toruń is equipped with a planetarium and astronomical observatory which boasts the largest radiotelescope in the Eastern part of Central Europe with 30 m in diameter, second only to the Effelsberg 100 m radio telescope.
	www.informat.io /?title=Torun (2695 words)

	Torun Online - 44 turning points in the history of Poland
		Subsequently in 1025 Chrobry is crowned as the first king of Poland.
		The first general European conflict since the Napoleonic Wars exerted a huge impact on the Poles, although their place in Europe was not an issue for the combatants.
		Thus the first noncommunist government in the Central and Eastern Europe is born.
	www.torunonline.com /tourist_guide.php?article=56022450449bdfe (4620 words)

	From the First Congress of Vienna
		And since both his first wife and his last were sisters of Ferdinand I, the situation seemed similar to that which already, before Mohács, had given the Habsburg candidate a good chance to succeed to the elder line of the same Jagellonian dynasty in Bohemia and Hungary.
		First, because since 1565 the split between Protestants and anti-Trinitarians, whose movement soon centered at Rakow, was finally completed, and secondly, because in almost the same year Catholicism was again resuming strength.
		First, the king decided that not only the small always contested province of Podlachia would be incorporated with the kingdom, but similarly the whole southern section of the grand duchy.
	victorian.fortunecity.com /wooton/34/halecki/10.htm (8896 words)

	Peace of Torun (1411) - Background - German Archive: Peace of Torun 1411 or the First Peace of Torun was a peace treaty ...
		Peace of Torun 1411 or the First Peace of Torun was a peace treaty signed on 1 February 1411 in Torun between Poland-Lithuania and the Teutonic Order ending the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War (1409-1411).
		The peace treaty settled the issue on the basis that the Polish king released all the captives in exchange for 100,000 times the amount of sixty Prague groshes, that is almost 20 metric tonnes of pure silver.
		First two rates were paid in full by the Teutonic state, mostly with money from foreign credits taken in exchange for liturgical vessels and all the silver belonging to the Teutonic state.
	germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=558&... (475 words)

	Torun - Biocrawler (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		1466 The Thirteen Years' War and uprisings of Prussian cities end with the Second Treaty of Thorn, in which the Teutonic Order ceded sovereignty over western Prussia to the Polish Crown.
		1919 After World War I, under the Treaty of Versailles, the city became part of Poland, becoming the capital of the province of Pomeranian Voivodship.
		You can find it there under the keyword Torun (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torun)The list of previous authors is available here: version history (http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Torunandaction=history).
	www.biocrawler.com /encyclopedia/Torun (909 words)

	Torun Alternative Internet Guide - Timeline
		Torun conquered by the Swedes during the Northern War.
		Torun incorporated in the Grand Duchy of Warsaw.
		Torun is the center of Polish national movement in Pomerania.
	www.qdgroup.com.pl /~qbas/torun/timeline.html (734 words)

	Poland History
		He is the first member of the gallery of Polish Kings in spite of the fact that only his son, Boleslaw Chrobry - Boleslaw the Brave - was the first ruler to be actually crowned.
		With the first Partition in 1772, which served as a wake-up call, allowed the reformist party in the Kingdom to pass legislation that would aid the state.
		From the first day it was apparent that the Germans were waging a new kind of warfare involving the indiscriminate bombardment of civilian targets.
	www.snookems.com /poland/phistory.htm (8510 words)

	LITUANUS. Vol. 38, No. 1 - Spring 1992
		The Treaty of Christburg in 1249 was concluded by the Order with three Old Prussian tribes, who conceded their defeat, agreed to be baptized and promised to fight with the Order against the remaining Old Prussian tribes.
		The first partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1772 did not directly affect the area currently occupied by the Kaliningrad Oblast, but it did cause it to be directly connected to the rest of Germany as Prussia extended its control over the Polish Baltic seacoast.
		The first ground is that forcible deportations of native populations is clearly in violation of international law.
	www.lituanus.org /1992_1/92_1_02.htm (13726 words)

	...:::WERLING SOLARSYSTEMS POLSKA:::... (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		9000 BC First traces of human settlement on the location of today's Toruñ; and in its vicinities (nomadic tribes of the Paleolithic Culture of Œwidry, near Warsaw).
		1946 The first academic year is inaugurated at the Nicolas Copernicus University (UMK); the school keeps up the traditions of the Stephen Bathory University of Vilnius and the John Casimir University of Lwów.
		1967 The first issue of,,Nowosci" [,,News"], the Toruñ; afternoon daily, appears this is the first paper to be published locally in Poland.
	www.werlingsolarsystems.org /chronoftorun.htm (2353 words)

	VisitTorun.pl
		Torun's museums and their collections are connected fist of all with the history of the city and perfectly depict and testify to its history and art by many high-classified exhibits.
		First of them, above the fine historical interiors, at some permanent exhibitions shows mainly Torun's culture of art of the period from beginning till the partitions of Poland in 1793.
		The District Museum is the oldest and the greatest museum in Torun and one of the oldest and the greatest in Poland.
	www.visittorun.pl /index.php?strona=4 (2356 words)

	Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights - States and Unions - German Archive: The Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights ...
		Brandenburg ruled Eastern Pomerania in the 1250s and had a treaty of August 8, 1305 between Brandenburg's rulers and Wenceslaus III of Bohemia, which promised the March of Meissen to the Bohemian crown in exchange for Eastern Pomerania.
		The resulting Second Treaty of Torun (October 1466) provided for the Teutonic Order's cession to the Polish crown of its rights over the western half of its territories, which became the province of Royal Prussia.
		None of this was agreed to by pope or the emperor, and the Pfaffenkrieg (priests war) of 1467-79 ensued.
	germannotes.com /archive/article.php?products_id=561&... (1071 words)

	torun - OneLook Dictionary Search
		We found 3 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word torun:
		Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "torun" is defined.
		Phrases that include torun: baltic institute in torun, first treaty of torun, nicolaus copernicus university in torun, nikolaus copernicus university in torun, torun county, more...
	www.onelook.com /?w=torun (93 words)

	Malbork - Teutonic Knights in Poland and Prussian after the Battle of Grunwald 1410
		Around this time, however, artillery first appeared in Malbork, forecasting the decline of knights' castles.
		A stone cannonball fired by the Poles from the other bank of the river hit the Great Master's palace, where it still remains imbedded today.
		The First Treaty of Torun in 1411 actually restored the territorial status quo in the region.
	grunwald.iatp.by /malbrl-e.htm (207 words)

	History of Poland (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		On the diplomatic front, he concluded treaties with the Teutonic Order and Bohemia.
		The years 1363-1364, known as "The Great Days of Krakow," saw the founding of Poland's first university, called the Cracow Academy, and Casimir presiding over the marriage of his granddaughter to a future German Emperor.
		The First Treaty of Torun in 1411 actually restored the territorial status quo.
	www.poland-embassy.si /eng/poland/history2.htm (1624 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Turkey AAR (First HOI2 Game)
		While I have played HOI 1 fairly extensively, this is my first game of HOI2, and I don't know much about how to play it.
		Uzbek - Land of the Free, John Gill and the Library of Alexander, Pskov and the Legend of the Nazgul, The Brunei Tales: Volume One: The Sultan of Swat (1419 - 1571)
		No one had even bothered to tell Ataturk that Ethiopia was at war with Italy in the first place, or else no one knew.
	forum.paradoxplaza.com /forum/showthread.php?t=182347 (7062 words)

	Treaties, Laws, Policies, and Court Cases (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Treaty of Torun – 1466, Poland – Teutonic Knights conflict
		Treaty of Verdun – 843, divided Charlemagne's empire among Louis the Pious's sons Louis II the German,
		Treaty of Kiel – 1814, Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden
	www.stanford.edu /~csewell/culture/laws.htm (5205 words)

	THORN (Polish Torun) - Online Information article about THORN (Polish Torun)
		Haupt, generally taken to be in origin connected with Lat.
		head commanding the passage of the Vistula makes it a point of strategic importance; it was strongly fortified in 1818, and in 1878 was converted into a fortress of the first class.
		Tilsit it was assigned to the duchy of Warsaw; but since the See also:
	encyclopedia.jrank.org /THE_TOO/THORN_Polish_Torun_.html (891 words)

	Werling SolarSystems Torun (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Clause 2: No Person shall be a Representative who shall not have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.
		Clause 3: No Person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen.
		Note 12: The first ten amendments to the Constitution of the United States (and two others, one of which failed of ratification and the other which later became the 27th amendment) were proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the First Congress on September 25, 1789.
	www.werlingsolarsystems.org /constitution.html (3090 words)

	Pomerania: History
		Pomerelia, including Danzig, was formally restored by the Teutonic Knights to Poland at the Treaty of Torun of 1466.
		Although frequently overrun in the wars of the following three centuries, it remained an integral part of Poland until the first Polish partition (1772), when it passed to Prussia and was constituted into the province of
		In the Treaty of Kiel (1814), Sweden exchanged Pomerania with Denmark in return for Norway, but at the Congress of Vienna (1815) Denmark ceded its share of Pomerania to Prussia, receiving the duchy of Lauenburg in return.
	www.factmonster.com /ce6/world/A0860467.html (455 words)

	Paradox Interactive Forums - Turkey AAR (First HOI2 Game)
		And allow the rest of us to enjoy and learn from your pain.
		On January 1, 1936, Kemal Ataturk suddenly and unexpectedly decided to do many things.
		This had caught Ataturk completely off guard, or more precisely had caught Turkish intelligence completely off guard.
	www.europa-universalis.com /forum/printthread.php?t=182347 (7682 words)

	BAILII - Court of Justice of the European Communities (including Court of First Instance Decisions) beginning with T
		Court of Justice of the European Communities (including Court of First Instance Decisions) beginning with T
		You are here: BAILII >> Databases >> Court of Justice of the European Communities (including Court of First Instance Decisions) >> Court of Justice of the European Communities (including Court of First Instance Decisions) beginning with T
		Torun (External relations) [2006] EUECJ C-502/04 (16 February 2006)
	www.worldlii.org /eu/cases/EUECJ/toc-T.html (2737 words)

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