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Topic: First century BC

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	First Century Bc
		The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC.
		The AD /BC notation does not use a Year Zero.
		53 BC The Parthians defeat the Romans under Crassus in the Battle Of Carrhae
	www.seattleluxury.com /encyclopedia/entry/first_century_BC (199 words)

	Roman Timeline of the First Century BC
		84 BC The new Italian citizens enfranchised by the lex Julia, lex Pompeia and lex Papiria are redistributed throughout all thirty-five tribes of Rome.
		75 BC Caecilius Metellus Pius annihilates the army of the Sertorian lieutenant Lucius Hirtuleius at the Battle of Segovia.
		68 BC Julius Caesar marries Pompeia Sulla, the granddaughter of Sulla and a relative of Gn.
	www.unrv.com /empire/roman-timeline-1st-century.php (2493 words)

	Roman Republican Coins--First Century BC
		After the battle at Pharsalus, Brutus was pardoned by Caesar becoming governor of Cisalpine Gaul in 46 BC, holder of the high office of praetor of the city in 44 BC, and receiving a promise by Caesar to hold the governorship of Macedonia.
		This coin was struck in Asia in 39 BC in honor of Marc Antony.
		This denarius struck in 31 BC alludes to the historic Battle of Actium.
	www.usask.ca /antiquities/coins/republic_firstcent.html (2882 words)

	Tarquinia - Viterbo - Tuscia - Italy
		The first floor houses the extremely elegant clay high-relief of the Winged Horses (first half of the fourth century BC).
		In the second room: treasure from the tomb of the vase of Bocchoris (eighth-seventh century BC), including an urn with a shaped handle on the lid as well as oenochoe, chantharus, and a necklace with ancient Egyptian amulets.
		All that remains of this ambitious project of the early nineteenth century is a series of extensive, shallow basins (linked to the sea via adduction pipes), which can be admired in the immediate vicinity of the Lido on the southern side.
	www.latuscia.com /en_comune_tarquinia.php (1813 words)

	bronze age
		The first settlements in the neighborhood of Kernave appeared as early as 9000 BC, in the Epipaleolithic period.
		It is believed that in Lithuania it lasted from the fifth century BC until the middle of the 13th century and the formation of the Lithuanian state.
		In the stand devoted to the first to the fourth centuries, pictures of a field and a wooden plank road, rough pottery, spindles, irons, an awl, a stick-shaped pin, a scoop for casting iron, a grain grater and a fragment of imported glass are on display.
	www.afghanchamber.com /history/Bronzeage.htm (2978 words)

	1st century BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC.
		53 BC The Parthians defeat the Romans under Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae
		The first dome was built by the romans
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_century_BC (306 words)

	A short history of Uzbekistan (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Since the sixth century BC the area is under foreign control, by Persia, Macedon and Hellenic states.
		In the first century BC the area becomes part of Kushan, followed by the Kaganate of Turkish people's in the sixth and the Arabic Caliphate in the seventh century.
		In the ninth century the area is the centre of the Tajiki state of the Samanides.
	www.electionworld.org /history/uzbekistan.htm (375 words)

	Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2005.12.19 (Site not responding. Last check: )
		It is an important collection --though not the first one in the bibliography-- of historical, literary, art historical and archaeological accounts on a variety of topics from the Greco-Scythian world and its development in the North Black Sea area, covering a chronological range from the sixth century BC to the first century AD.
		B.C. when the first Greek colonies began to be built, up to the first century B.C. and domination by the kingdom of Mithridates Eupator, is the subject of a detailed study by A.A. Maslennikov.
		S.D. Kryzhitskiy, "Olbia and the Scythians in the Fifth Century BC.
	ccat.sas.upenn.edu /bmcr/2005/2005-12-19.html (2032 words)

	CalendarHome.com - 20th century - Calendar Encyclopedia
		The 20th century has sometimes been called, both within and outside the United States, the American Century, though this is a controversial term.
		Advances in fundamental physics through the theory of relativity and quantum mechanics led to the development of nuclear weapons (known informally as "the Bomb" and dropped on the industrial town of Hiroshima and the historic town of Nagasaki), the nuclear reactor, and the laser.
		As the century begins, Paris is the artistic capital of the world, where both French and foreign writers, composers and visual artists gather.
	encyclopedia.calendarhome.com /20th_century.htm (1824 words)

	Archytas (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy)
		Archytas of Tarentum was a Greek mathematician, political leader and philosopher, active in the first half of the fourth century BC (i.e., during Plato's lifetime).
		BC), reports that the inhabitants of the Greek island of Delos were beset by a plague and, when they consulted an oracle for advice, were told that, if they doubled the size of a certain altar, which had the form of a cube, the plague would stop (Eutocius, in Archim.
		First, Archytas provided a general explanation of pitch, arguing that the pitch of a sound depends on the speed with which the sound is propagated and travels (B1).
	plato.stanford.edu /entries/archytas (13119 words)

	Archaeological geology of the world's first emerald mine. - HighBeam Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Mining began first in Wadi Sikait sometime during the Ptolemaic period (late 4th through mid-1st centuries BC) with most of the activity occurring in the subsequent Roman (late 1st century BC through 4th century AD) and Early Byzantine (5th through early 6th centuries AD) periods.
		The modern name 'emerald' is derived from the ancient smaragdus, a word that can be traced back at least as far as the late 4th or early 3rd century BC when it was used by the Greek writer Theophrastus as a catchall for green gemstones (Theophrastus' On Stones 23-27 in Caley and Richards, 1956, p.
		The first mention of beryl (smaragdos) mining in Egypt was by the Greek geographer Strabo about 24 BC (Strabo's Geography 17.1.45 in Jones, 1959, p.
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1G1-119781883.html (3802 words)

	Nabataean
		For the second and third centuries, we can only guess that a great number of Nabataean settlements were cut in the rocks, but due to the lack of specific criteria, most of these installations cannot be dated with certainty.
		The site, where a large religious complex was built in the beginning of the first century AD as well as official and residential buildings, played a major part in the exploitation of the area located to the south of the wadi Hasa.
		If many of them stayed involved in trading and pastoral activities around the beginning of the first century BC, then the major part of the Nabataean population was already fully settled and involved in a vast range of activities, particularly in the agricultural and technical fields.
	www.muheisenz.homestead.com /Nabataean.html (1344 words)

	1st century BC at AllExperts
		The 1st century BC started on January 1, 100 BC and ended on December 31, 1 BC.
		An alternative name for this century is the last century BC.
		* 53 BC The Parthians defeat the Romans under Crassus in the Battle of Carrhae
	en.allexperts.com /e/0/1st_century_bc.htm (375 words)

	Early Roman Timeline
		582 BC Birth of the Greek philosopher and mathematician Pythagoras, on the island of Samos.
		509 BC Overthrow of Etruscan kings and destruction of the monarchy by L. Junius Brutus.
		504 BC Migration of the Claudii to Rome.
	www.unrv.com /empire/early-roman-timeline.php (221 words)

	Table of Contents and Excerpt, Green, Celtic Myths
		At the period of maximum expansion (fifth-third centuries BC) the Celtic world occupied an area from Ireland and part of Spain in the west to Hungary and Czechoslovakia in the east (but including Galatia in Asia Minor), and from northern Scotland to north Italy and what was formerly Yugoslavia.
		The old gods lingered long, but during the fourth century AD Christianity was officially adopted as the state religion by the Roman world, and in Britain and Ireland, where Celtic traditions were arguably sustained longest, the Celtic Church was established during the fifth century AD.
		First, the vernacular sources are late in their extant form and, moreover, they were compiled within a Christian milieu, many of them by Christian redactors, monks working within monasteries.
	www.utexas.edu /utpress/excerpts/exgrecep.html (3240 words)

	First Century BC Tournament - Fanaticus Forum
		The Bactrian general (El) scotched the breakout, first recoiling a blade (at +5:+2), then killing the Cav that did for the other jumbo (at +6:+2, with a LH overlap assistance).
		First, a Seleucid Ax disintegrated in the face of the combined bowfire of two Han Cb elements and a 1:6 dice roll.
		The years 100-50 BC were turbulent ones for the world as the various powers vied for dominance in their own areas before further expansion.
	www.fanaticus.org /boards/Forum11/HTML/000184-2.html (4872 words)

	The End of Time
		It is evidence that by the second century BC Judaism had been transformed by its contact with the mystical dualism of Persian religion, and by the dynamics of oppression and revolt.
		The first large-scale Secular Games were held in 17 BC by Augustus, who had consulted the sibylline books to ascertain that a saecula lasted 110 years and that his were the fifth since Rome was founded.
		Some Jewish radicals of the first century AD believed in a Great Week which would be brought to an end by the arrival of the Messiah 5,000 or 6,000 years after the Creation.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/t/thompson-time.html (11315 words)

	Ancient philosophy : Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy Online
		The first phase, occupying most of the sixth and fifth centuries bc, is generally known as Presocratic philosophy.
		The label ‘Presocratic’ acknowledges the traditional view that Socrates (469–399 bc) was the first philosopher to shift the focus away from the natural world to human values.
		In the last four centuries bc, prospective philosophy students flocked to Athens from all over the Greek world, and the high public visibility of the schools there was undoubtedly cultivated partly with an eye to recruitment.
	www.rep.routledge.com /article/A130 (2342 words)

	Gary Hart: Twenty-first Century Rome - Business on The Huffington Post
		The civil wars of the mid-first century BC led to the acquisition of dictatorial power by Julius Caesar lasting from about 49 BC until his assassination on the Ides of March 44 BC.
		First, "he took steps to neutralize the army as a political force." Of course, in a republic that would be a good thing, because in republican Rome the armies as political forces had helped bring about the demise of the Republic.
		In 21st century America the current government (the presidency and Congress of one party) has taken control not only of defense and military policy, but also military operations.
	www.huffingtonpost.com /gary-hart/twentyfirst-century-rome_b_27944.html (557 words)

	Commentary
		But excavation at several points has shown that the area was inhabited as early as the sixth century BC, in the ‘Etruscan’ period of the city, and it is possible that even the present layout of the streets goes back to the same period.
		This is the first structure of this date to be excavated in Pompeii and it raises the important question of the origin of the city and its street plan.
		Careful examination of the contents of a cist which was constructed early in the first century AD showed that it had been used to contain the cremated remains of at least three lambs and seventeen mature cockerels represented by the remains of the less edible parts, such as skull, wing and limb bone fragments.
	www.proxima-veritati.auckland.ac.nz /insula9/Pages/Commentary.html (3486 words)

	Ephesus
		He urges them to repent and do their first works or else he will "remove their lampstand," which means they will cease to exist as a church. Imagine a church where Paul had spent over two years in ministry and a church where the apostle John had been.
		It was this emperor worship that placed Christians of the late first and the second and third centuries in the difficult position of either accepting the emperor as god, thus denying Christ, or confessing Christ and thus being subject to terrible persecutions.
		It dates to the second century AD and so would not have been built until after Paul was there, but it illustrates the high degree of ornamentation and skill workers of workers of that time.
	www.oc.edu /president/greece_turkey_tour/Ephesus.aspx (1282 words)

	Ancient Greek Coins of Miletus (Miletos, Ionia, Anatolia, Turkey)
		The early electrum lion coins of Miletus — The first series of coins that is attributable to Miletus with certainty is a well-known group of sixth-century electrum issues that include full staters as well as thirds, sixths, twelfths, and twenty-fourths.
		The Milesian revivals of the Hecatomnids — During the first half of the fourth century BC, the philhellenic Persian satraps Hecatomnus, Mausolus, and Hidrieus of Caria issued a series of silver coins that revived the archaic lion-head/sun types of Miletus.
		This practice was extended well into the third century BC by many Greek cities, which simply added their own civic monograms to the familiar Alexandrian designs.
	rjohara.net /coins (1640 words)

	Kidinnu and ancient Babylonian astronomy
		At first, intercalary months were announced by the king (who had an astronomical adviser), but after Babylon had been captured by the Persian king Cyrus the Great in 539 BC, priestly officials took over.
		The result is that the first day of the month Nisanu (New year's day) was never far from the vernal equinox (the first day of spring), so that the civil calendar and the seasons were never out of step.
		The Greek astronomer Hipparchus of Nicaea (second century BC) was the first to understand the nature of the precession.
	ircamera.as.arizona.edu /NatSci102/NatSci102/text/babylonian.htm (1632 words)

	ANISTORITON Journal of History, Archaeology, ArtHistory: Viewpoints (Site not responding. Last check: )
		Nevertheless, the date of the first example in Rome does suggest a degree of Hellenic influence which may tentatively be associated with Rome’s first Greek victory of 197 BC.
		The second-century BC Samnite theatre-temple complex at Pietrabbondante, which serves to remind us that not all urbanisation took place in cities, is however much closer in form to Greek structures with a solid Opus Caementicium block being used to artificially enhance the topography.
		This begins to appear in Roman tombs in the mid-second century BC, but is soon adapted into a domestic setting and clearly alludes to the decoration of earlier Greek houses (Woodford 1982, 76).
	www.anistor.co.hol.gr /english/enback/v041.htm (2351 words)

	Meroitic period
		By the third century BC it was only one of several large towns that had arisen in the same region.
		By the first century AD some of the Meroitic gods had even taken on aspects of some of the Olympian deities, and some temples were built using Greek measurement, and incorporated on Hellenistic features and ornament.
		The first of these was clearly an important religious center, for it possesses the ruins of seven stone temples, a town, and a cemetery.
	numibia.net /nubia/meroe.htm (2230 words)

	Chinese inventions - Social studies project for 6th grade
		About the fourth century BC the Chinese devised a harness with a breast strap known as the trace harness, modified approximately one hundred later into the collar harness.
		The first version of the match was invented in 577 AD by impoverished court ladies during a military siege.
		Rockets are first mentioned in the West in connection with a battle in Italy in 1380, arriving in the wake of Marco Polo.
	www.gigglepotz.com /stmarys_inventions.htm (1267 words)

	Camelot Village: Britain's Heritage and History
		In the first century BC the roman poet Virgil wrote a poem entitled "Aenid", in it he claimed that the romans were the descendants of a great warrior - a trojan prince called Aenas.
		By the fourth and third centuries BC they had conquered most of Italy and by 280 BC the Romans were a major power in the Mediterranean.
		By 260 BC city of Rome was a major force and a clash with the trading empire of Carthage led to 120 years of terrible wars.
	www.camelotintl.com /romans/origins.html (1324 words)

	Aristotle Commentators
		In fifth-century Alexandria, first Hierocles and then Ammonius, son of Hermeas represented Plato and Aristotle as agreeing that god was the artificer of a beginningless universe.
		During the next century, the process of transmission from both languages to the Latin-speaking world turned from a trickle into a flood, and Thomas Aquinas was a beneficiary of this development.
		And Brentano in the nineteenth century got from the commentary tradition, and not from Aristotle himself, his idea that all activity of the mind is directed towards intentional objects.
	www.muslimphilosophy.com /ip/rep/A021.htm (1175 words)

	Solar Physics: 1223 BC to 250 BC
		It is certainly clear that by the eight century BC, the Babylonians were keeping a systematic record of solar eclipses, and may even have been able to predict them fairly accurately based on numerological rules.
		One of the major intellectual achievement of ancient Greece is the physical model of the cosmos developed by Aristotle (384-322) An essential feature is the place occupied by the Earth at the center of the Universe, with the Sun, planets and sphere of fixed stars revolving about that center, the Sun occupying the fourth sphere.
		The first mathematically-based attempt at determining the Sun-Earth distance is due to Aristarchus of Samos (ca.
	www.hao.ucar.edu /Public/education/Timeline.A.html (1135 words)

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