
	Where results make sense

Topic: First millennium BCE

Related Topics

Lusitania

Carthage

Second Punic War

Latin language

History of Portugal

Mirandese

Monuments of Portugal

Vila Real

Miranda do Douro

In the News (Tue 22 Dec 09)

Northern Trust

Marvin Harrison

Peter Chernin

Gary Locke

Match Play

Penelope Cruz

Mickey Rourke

AR Rahman

Danny Boyle

Hugh Jackman

	1st millennium BC - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The 1st millennium BC encompasses the Iron Age and sees the rise of successive empires.
		Towards the close of the millennium, the Han Dynasty extends Chinese power towards Central Asia, where it borders on Indo-Greek and Iranian states.
		World population triples in the course of the millennium, reaching some 170 million people at its close.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/1st_millennium_BC (469 words)

	Axial Age - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		According to the Axial Age theory, the philosophy behind the world's major religions sprang from a six-hundred year span of time in the first millennium BCE.
		German philosopher Karl Jaspers coined the term the Axial Age (Achsenzeit in the German language original) to describe the period from 800 BCE to 200 BCE, during which, according to Jaspers, similarly revolutionary thinking appeared in China, India and the Occident.
		Jaspers' approach to the culture of the middle of the first millennium BCE has been adopted by other scholars and academics, and has become a point of discussion in the history of religion.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Axial_Age (890 words)

	Archaeological Discoveries at Susa - (The Circle of Ancient Iranian Studies - CAIS)© (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		The Andronov steppe culture penetrates the Zeravshan basin somewhat later, in the first half of the second millennium BCE, as evidenced in the Muminabad tomb in Samarkand region and the Dashti Kozy tomb to the east of Panjikent.
		At the same time, the emergence of Iranian-speaking tribes in the first millennium BCE, including the ancestors of historical Sogdians in the regions where the latter lived, is often associated (although empirically unsupported) with the arrival of Andronov tribes.
		The fact is that, about the same time, in the beginning of the first millennium BCE, nomadic pastoralism had developed in the steppe, the original area of the Andronov culture, replacing the old herding-agricultural type of economy.
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Archaeology/sogdian_archaeology.htm (2074 words)

	Lehrhaus Judaica - The Adult School For Jewish Studies
		First, overwhelming imperial enemies, such as Assyria and later, Babylon, sweep down and destroy the northern Jewish kingdom of Israel (721 BCE), and later, the southern kingdom of Judah (586 BCE).
		In 701 BCE, when the Assyrian commander yells across the Kidron Valley to the defenders of the besieged city of Jerusalem the reason why the Assyrians are there, his answer is simple: "The Lord Himself said to me, 'March against this country and lay it waste'" (Isaiah 36:10).
		By the First Century BCE, the writers of the Dead Sea scrolls have made it official: Satan is the demonic angel leader of an awesome force in heaven and on earth that openly defies God.
	www.lehrhaus.org /catalog/scrolls/scrolls5.html (5465 words)

	Lion-men and -demons - Ancient Near East.net
		Most commonly, and always in the first millennium BCE, lion-demons are shown raising one hand, in which he brandishes a dagger, whilst the other lowered hand holds a mace.
		At the same time, the demon is commonly associated with the "god with the scimitar", most probably to be identified with Nergal, god of the underworld - as such, he is probably an attendant spirit of Nergal and a bringer of disease and death.
		By the first millennium BCE Neo-Assyrian and Babylonian periods, however, the lion-man / demon figure can be safely identified with the ugallu, or "big weather creature", a beneficent spirit that acts protectively against illness and other, evil demons.
	ancientneareast.net /religion_mesopotamian/demons/lion_men_demons.html (378 words)

	Monks and Merchants \| The Silk Road, a Larger View
		The Silk Road itself was pioneered sometime during the mid-first millennium BCE and not established as a regular trade route until near the end of that millennium.
		Chinese silk was known in the Middle East, Greece and Egypt at least by the mid-first millennium BCE.
		In 220 BCE a confederation of northern nomadic tribes, collectively known as the Xiongnu, greatly increased the political and military threat of the steppe peoples to China's northern frontier.
	www.asiasociety.org /arts/monksandmerchants/silk2.htm (1743 words)

	Visual Arts: The Art of Elamites
		No architectural remains from the first half of the second millennium BCE were observed and described at Susa, and no traces of buildings have been preserved.
		This evidence shows that there was in the twelfth century BCE a further development in the decoration of glazed tiles.[52] We therefore date to this time a tile which shows a bird-footed demon standing on two griffins and probably holding two others in his hands.
		In contrast to this the curve in the neck of the griffin on the first fragment is smoothly rounded and terminates in the slight countercurve of the griffin's crest.
	www.iranchamber.com /art/articles/art_of_elamites.php (10549 words)

	Ussishkin : Tel Lachish \| The Shelby White - Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications
		Lachish was continuously settled from the Chalcolithic period in the 4th millennium BCE till the end of the Persian period in the middle of the first millennium BCE.
		By the Middle Bronze Age, in the first half of the second millennium BCE, it was a large, rich royal city, protected by massive fortifications.
		In the seventh century BCE Lachish was rebuilt as a royal Judean stronghold.
	www.fas.harvard.edu /~semitic/wl/digsites/Cisjordan/Lachish_97 (413 words)

	Background Essay no. 75 \| Historical Background of the Silk Roads \| AskAsia.org
		The Silk Road itself is a relatively late phenomenon, pioneering in the late first millennium BCE and established as a regular trade route sometime near the end of that millennium.
		Since the Neolithic Revolution (8,000 to 4,000 BCE in Eurasia, and later elsewhere in the world), agriculturalists and pastoralists have always expanded into territories suitable for their own pursuits, in the process displacing, absorbing, or exterminating neighboring peoples who practice the older lifestyle of hunting and gathering.
		The Silk Road itself is a relatively late phenomenon, pioneered during the mid-1st millennium BCE and established as a regular trade route near the end of that millennium.
	www.askasia.org /teachers/essays/essay.php?no=75&era=&grade=&geo= (4112 words)

	General Description of the Program
		For nearly half of the first millennium BCE, Aramaic formed one of the languages of international government in the Middle East.
		First, even as some Aramaic texts have become more prominent in American scholarship, such as the Aramaic Dead Sea Scrolls or the Syriac New Testament, scholars who wish to study them do not know how to develop the ability in Aramaic needed to do so.
		First, there will be instruction in Aramaic language, with attention paid to grammatical and lexical instruction as well as reading of selected text passages.
	www.duke.edu /web/nehdas/general.html (1808 words)

	INDO-EUROPEAN EXPANSIONS AND GLOBALIZATION OF ENGLISH
		In the second quarter of the first millennium, the Greeks extended their linguistic area by colonizing various cities around the Mediterranean and the Black Sea.
		The Greek language, as with Anatolian and Indic, is first attested in the late Bronze Age.
		Evidence suggests that in the first millennium BCE Balts occupied the area west of the Vistula’s mouth east to Moscow and the upper Volga, and south to Kiev (Baldi, 1983; Mallory, 1989).
	www.mnstate.edu /gunarat/languages.htm (11251 words)

	e-Keltoi: Volume 6, Celtiberians: Problems and Debates, by Francisco Burillo Mozota
		Some scholars believe that there were a series of Celtiberian migrations, first to Celtic Baeturia (in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula) around the second century BCE and later to Carpetania (in the mid Tajo River basin) and Aquitania during the first half of the first century BCE (after the Sertorian Wars).
		Martín Almagro-Gorbea (1986) was one of the first to recongnise and defend the continuity evidenced in the archaeological record of the Celtiberian culture throughout this vast period of time, particularly with regard to mortuary ritual and weaponry.
		The first cremation necropoli of the Middle Ebro River valley emerged during the late second millennium BCE in the sedimentary basin of Cinca-Segre, associated with central street castra, as a funerary manifestation of the new social structures.
	www.uwm.edu /Dept/celtic/ekeltoi/volumes/vol6/6_8/burillo_6_8.html (17686 words)

	CainNimrod
		While he was successful in identifying many of Genesis' personal names as appearing in 2d millennium BCE contexts, he hit a brick wall with "Cain." His research concluded that Cain, Hebrew qayin/qyn was most probably derived from a South Arabic onomastic environment.
		The fact of first millennium attestations of the root in personal names may suggest a later date for this narrative and its contents.
		Two names appearing in Genesis, Cain and Nimrod, are unattested in second millennium BCE sources according to Hess, they appear only in first millennium BCE contexts, from the mid-first millenium BCE to the 1st century BCE. It is my opinion that Moses did not write Genesis and the Pentateuch ca.
	www.bibleorigins.net /CainNimrod.html (1982 words)

	Bridging World History: Unit 6: Order and Early Societies: Unit Content Overview
		Religious ideas and practices that had inspired and guided community life in earlier times were then adapted to provide sanction for new rulers and new forms of political organization, which often created new social hierarchies and economic relationships.
		Although not all societies followed this path, it was common in many different parts of the world from the mid-first millennium BCE to the end of the first millennium CE.
		Some are better known than others, such as the Greek city-states that developed in the Mediterranean in the fifth century BCE, the Mauryan dynasty that formed in South Asia in the fourth century BCE, or the Han dynasty of China that lasted from 206 BCE until 9 CE.
	www.learner.org /channel/courses/worldhistory/unit_overview_6.html (685 words)

	Iranian Army in the First Half of the First Millennium BCE - (CAIS)
		Iranian Army in The first half of the first millennium BCE
		Arriving with their women, children, and flocks, the Iranian horsemen settled the land, entered the service of local rulers and gradually supplanted the native aristocracy and formed political centres which eventually led to the formation of the Median and Achaemenid Empires [16].
		Here grave goods show that the warriors wore leathern helmets, and carried swords, daggers, shields, and bows with bronze- or iron-headed arrows while their horses had bronze or iron harness indicating the existence of cavalry units among the settlers [17].
	www.cais-soas.com /CAIS/Military/first_millennium_bce_army.htm (574 words)

	An Agrarian History of South Asia: Chapter Two -- on medieval agrarian territory
		In the first millennium, the creation of landscapes of settled agriculture moved ahead more rapidly, as agrarian institutions promoted ritual negotiations to solve conflicts among farmers, pastoralists, warriors, merchants, forest dwellers, and many others.
		Maurya conquest had first defined the territory of Bharat as a triangle with its apex in the eastern Ganga, in the sacred precincts of Maghada, Kasi, and Kosala, and with its base in the fertile parts of Rajasthan.
		The weakness of agrarian territorialism and thus of the rule of dharma is apparent throughout the first millennium, when many wars recorded in the inscriptions no doubt reflect a breakdown of territorial institutions during violent conflicts among sedentary farmers, pastoralists, shifting cultivators, hunters, warriors, and forest dwellers.
	www.sas.upenn.edu /~dludden/cambhis2.htm (17821 words)

	NASA - World Atlas of Solar Eclipse Paths
		The following atlas of world maps show the path of every total, annular and hybrid[1] solar eclipse visible from Earth during the five millennium period -1999 to +3000 (2000 BCE to 3000 CE[2]).
		[2] BCE (Before Common Era) and CE (Common Era) are secular alternatives for the terms BC and AD, respectively.
		First Millennium BCE (1000 BCE to 0001 BCE)
	sunearth.gsfc.nasa.gov /eclipse/SEatlas/SEatlas.html (623 words)

	Egyptians and foreigners (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		The first dry land was the spot where the temple of Heliopolis was built, the abode of the life-giving sun-god.
		Coined money (at first imported) began to be used in the second half of the first millennium BCE because of the insistence of Greek mercenaries on being paid in specie rather than in kind.
		In the course of the centuries Nubians and Libyans who had settled in the country were culturally integrated into the Egyptian mainstream; but the colonists of the first millennium BCE, the Ionians, Carians, Jews, and Greeks did not abandon their own traditions and remained to some extent alien [5].
	nefertiti.iwebland.com /people/foreigners.htm (5268 words)

	Old World Contacts/Diplomats & Other Travellers/Nomads
		Since the early first millennium BCE, many of the nomadic groups of Central Asia were dependent upon the raising and herding of various types of animals, such as horses, sheep, camels, and, to a lesser extent, cattle.
		Because of the drier climatic conditions in Central Asia, these peoples had to move from place to place in order to provide adequate grazing and water resources for their animals.
		But starting in the third millennium BCE, the climate became increasingly arid.
	www.ucalgary.ca /applied_history/tutor/oldwrld/diplomats/nomads.html (1251 words)

	Rubinson - 'Animal Style' Art and the Image of the Horse and Rider - Transoxiana Eran ud Aneran
		From early in the study of steppe nomads of the first millennium BCE, the important role of the horse in nomadic life was obvious and thus thoroughly examined.
		at that time there are only animal representations on the burial goods, in contrast to the art of other groups who lived near and around the steppe at the beginning of the first millennium BCE and also even in the steppe itself in rock-art representations.
		1 A version of this paper was first presented at the international conference "Eurasian Steppes in Prehistory and the Middle Ages" commemorating the centenary of the birth of Professor Mikhael Griaznov in St. Petersburg, March 2002.
	www.transoxiana.com.ar /Eran/Articles/rubinson_abs.html (1137 words)

	DeDanaan » Our Druid Cousins
		At the time of their greatest expansion, in the 3rd century bce, the Celts stretched from Ireland in the west, through to the central plain of Turkey in the east; north from Belgium, down to Cadiz in southern Spain and across the Alps into the Po Valley of Italy.
		There survives the famous first century bce Celtic calendar (the Coligny Calendar) which, as soon as it was first discovered in 1897, was seen to have parallels to Vedic calendrical computations.
		Amairgen was the first Druid to arrive in Ireland.
	dedanaan.com /vedic-origins-children-of-danu/our-druid-cousins (1992 words)

	A Brief Description of the Mahabharata (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-09-02)
		First, starting in the middle of the first millennium BCE, it existed in the form of popular stories of Gods, kings, and seers retained, retold, and improved by priests living in shrines, ascetics living in retreats or wandering about, and by traveling bards, minstrels, dance-troupes, etc.
		Finally, it came to exist, in numerous literary and popular transformations in many of the non-Sanskrit vernacular languages of India and Southeast Asia, which (with the exception of Tamil, a language that had developed a classical literature in the first millennium BCE) began developing recorded literatures shortly after 1000 CE.
		The Mahabharata was one of the two most important factors that created the "Hindu" culture of India (the other was the other all-India epic, the Ramayana, pronounced approximately as Raa-MEYE-a-na), and the Mahabharata and Ramayana still exert tremendous cultural influence throughout India and Southeast Asia.
	web.utk.edu /~jftzgrld/MBh1Description.html (351 words)

	L / "S"
		S - "Trivia: Reportedly, from the first millennium BCE, Hebrew t shifts to s; d to z; and in some case, d to s." (D.R.D.) s - "Definitions: a causitive (Hebrew).
		Associated spellings/ words: sugxraomai; synchraomai, sunxraomai ['associate, to have dealings with']." sujud - "Definitions: movement of worship in which the person first kneels and the touches the head to the ground." (Arabic) Socrates - "Definitions: self control; the name of an important Greek philosopher.
		Hiranyagarbha, Hari, and Sankara - the three hypostases of the manifesting 'Spirit of the Supreme Spirit' (by which Prithivi - the Earth - greets Vishnu in his first Avatar) - are the purely metaphysical abstract qualities of formation, preservation, and destruction, and are the three divine Avasthas (lit.
	mirrorh.com /s.htm (16448 words)

	Ethnic Identity, On–line Exhibit
		Grenfell and Hunt were happy to discover that the cartonnage covering the human mummies in the Ptolemaic cemetery often consisted of reused texts written on papyrus rolls in place of the usual linen.
		Dating from the second and early first centuries BCE, these texts are also mainly documentary (i.e., not "literary") and have already contributed significantly to the study of Ptolemaic administrative and legal practice.
		In contrast to the painted wood panels of the Roman period, this cartonnage mask cannot be interpreted as a portrait recording the actual appearance of the deceased.
	socrates.berkeley.edu /~tebtunis/lecture/clar_ex1.html (533 words)

	Gallery Gold
		It is a perfect example of the type of exotic artifact associated with the extensive maritime trade that centered on the port of Oc-Eo on the southwestern seacoast of Vietnam in antiquity.
		The diadem is made in the shape of a wreath decorated with calyx-leaf medallions, a typical flower design that originated in the fourth-century BCE Hellenistic world.1 Each flower was chisel-cut from gold sheet and attached to a gold circlet made of gold strips with a hooked clasp of classical type.
		The whole assemblage derives from Greek Hellenistic traditions but was probably created somewhere in the eastern Iranian world in the late first millennium BCE.
	www.artmediaresources.com /adorationandglory/html/gallery_gold.html (718 words)

	the Archaeology of Sogdiana
		Greek forms in the Afrasiab pottery, including “fish plates” and kraters appeared in the third century BCE during the rule of the Seleucids, not right after Alexander the Great’s conquest of Sogdiana in the 320s BCE.
		Problems of the civilization of Uzbekistan from the 7th century BCE to the 7th century CE].
		The Pre-Islamic Civilization of the Sogdians (seventh century BCE to eighth century CE): A Bibliographic Essay (studies since 1986) by: Frantz Grenet
	silkroadfoundation.org /newsletter/december/archaeology.htm (3200 words)

Try your search on: Qwika (all wikis)