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Topic: First strike capability

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First strike

Decapitation strike

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	First strike - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		In nuclear strategy, first strike capability is a country's ability to defeat another nuclear power by destroying its arsenal to the point where the attacking country can survive the weakened retaliation.
		First-strike attack, that is, the use of a nuclear first strike capability, was greatly feared during the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union.
		Of particular note in his article is that an American nuclear first strike (possibly using the B61-11 bunker-buster nuclear weapon) is under consideration to eliminate underground Iranian uranium enrichment facilities.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_strike (934 words)

	Arab First Strike Preparations (Mordechai Sones) April, 1999
		First strike: Surprise assault to which the victim is unable to mount counterattack because attacker has destroyed or pre-empted his retaliatory capacity.
		Indicators of such a first strike include the existence of 122 confirmed or suspected armored vehicles in PA hands, frequent rehearsals for night attack in the vicinity of the Yishuvim, and specialized gathering of critical intelligence by Arab day laborers on the yishuvim.
		The first overt military action taken as part of the Soviet first strikes on Prague (68), Kabul (79), and Vilna (91) was Soviet commandos breaking down the door and taking over the control tower of the main airport at 11PM to open the way for troop entry and air landings of more commandos.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/apr99/sones.htm (3317 words)

	America's Nuclear Strategy: Defensive or First Strike?
		In a US first strike, destroying an enemy’s early warning and communications satellites would hinder getting the launch command to his missiles before they are destroyed.
		Yet the pinpoint accuracy of those weapons makes them deadly against extremely hard targets such as missile silos – targets which must be destroyed in a first strike before the missiles are launched.
		Ballistic missile defense is presented as needed to guard against a small number of missiles such as an accidental launch by a nuclear power or a strike by a rogue nation.
	www.antiwar.com /orig/aldridge1.html (434 words)

	In the Shadow of Mad
		First Strike Capability requires sufficient forces to strike first and effectively disarm the enemy-destroying his second strike retaliatory forces-thus denying the enemy his AD capability.
		The objective of such a capability is to preserve the greatest possible number of population, forces, and resources in the event of a surprise enemy First Strike.
		Harold Brown--the first scientist to ever become Secretary of Defense and arguably the most qualified person ever to hold the position--developed what he called a "countervailing strategy." He and his staff were careful not to call it a "counterforce strategy," which implies pre-emption.
	www.afa.org /magazine/nov2001/1101mad.asp (3874 words)

	Arms Race (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		First strike capability is defined as the ability to effectively disable the enemy's military and political force, making retaliation impossible.
		In 1963, the first major attempt at limiting the testing of nuclear weapons came into the existence as a treaty was signed banning all but underground testing.
		Some potential nuclear nations, that is nations with the capability to develop a nuclear weapons program, did not agree to the terms of this treaty, as it meant giving up an opportunity to become a nuclear power.
	www.pwc.k12.nf.ca /coldwar/plain/armsrace.html (1424 words)

	THE PA MILITARY THREAT
		In the course of this study, reports began to surface that the PA military may be acquiring the specialized equipment, units, and training for an overnight first strike against the yishuvim.
		Indicators of a first strike include 122 confirmed or suspected armored vehicles in PA hands, rehearsals for night attack near yishuvim, and gathering of specialized intelligence by Arab laborers on the yishuvim.
		Arab preparations to use laborers for a daytime first strike would be much different than the preparations required for a first strike at night.
	www.tzemach.org /fyi/pa-yesha.htm (4398 words)

	Pledging 'No First Strike': A Step Toward Real WMD Cooperation - Council on Foreign Relations
		A U.S. pledge of “no first strike” is a necessary first step in establishing a new nuclear offense-defense relationship that maintains deterrence while motivating the cooperation necessary to stop the growing threats of WMD from terrorists and rogue states.
		While the U.S. deterrent rested on its capability to “ride out” a first strike and still be able to inflict massive harm on its attacker, the United States also maintained several first-use missions for its arsenal.
		The first step would be dropping the prompt retaliatory strikes from the SIOP and reducing the nuclear force to 1,200 weapons so that, unless the United States deployed a very large ABM system, defenses would not give it a first-strike capability.
	www.cfr.org /publication.html?id=3916 (5823 words)

	First Strike Guidelines: the case of Iraq -- Project on Defense Alternatives
		He also emphasizes that preemptive or first strike attack is only one of a number of tools the U.S. possesses to deal with radical states that acquire weapons of mass destruction and should be a choice of last resort.
		If we include in "first strike capability" the intelligence required to identify all WMD sites for targeting in a raid, then our assessment has to be "no".
		The first was in the war with Iran in the 1980's when Iranian human wave infantry attacks were repelled with chemical munitions (UNSCOM learned that 101,000 were reported "consumed" during this period).
	www.comw.org /pda/020916schneider.html (6224 words)

	Yorkshire CND - Ballistic Missile Defence by David Morgan - 5/4/00 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		First Use of nuclear weapons has always been, and remains to date, a U.S. and NATO strategic option in response to a conventional attack.
		A BMD system with this capability is essential to make the threat of a First Strike credible, and for this threat to be a useful tool of U.S. political dominance.
		First strike capability was given clear definition in President Carter’s Presidential Directives, starting with PD 18 of 24 August 1977 and ending with PD 59 of 25 July 1980.
	cndyorks.gn.apc.org /yspace/articles/dmorgan.htm (3643 words)

	NRDC: Nuclear Data - Table of Indian Nuclear Forces, 2002
		AEC chairman Rajgopal Chidambaram stated in October 2000 that the tests were "completely successful" and provided India with "the capability to design and fabricate weapons ranging from low yield to around 200 kilotons." Construction of a new 500 Megawatt sodium-cooled fast breeder reactor at Kalpakkam is scheduled to begin soon.
		Originally a joint Anglo-French aircraft, the first 40 were supplied by British Aerospace, with the remaining 91 assembled or manufactured by Hindustan Aeronautics.
		The 8.56-meter missile, which is a navy version of the army's Prithvi, is capable of carrying a 1,000 kg payload to a range of 250 km.
	www.nrdc.org /nuclear/nudb/datab20.asp (1817 words)

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		NATO, it is thought, has a conventional capability, a non-nuclear capability, inadequate to resist a Soviet conventional force aggression, and it is believed, therefore, that NATO would be forced to respond to a Soviet conventional attack by utilizing nuclear weapons.
		General Rogers, the Supreme Allied Commander of all the NATO forces in Europe, has said that under current circumstances, he would be forced, in the face of a Soviet conventional attack, to ask for authority to utilize nuclear weapons either within a few hours, or a few days, of the start of such an attack.
		The first would be to reduce the number of nuclear weapons on each side.
	sun3.lib.uci.edu /racyberlib/Social/interviews/mcnamara1.html (3395 words)

	Major Issues - Nuclear Subs (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Four of the subs, which now carry the first generation Trident missile, the D-4, are being converted to carry the more accurate, longer range D-5 missile, and may also be given newer, warheads sometime in the next few years.
		The capability to do this exceeds the performance record of even the smartest conventional bombs." The media, Hollywood, and the Pentagon are continually painting nightmare scenarios involving terrorists using chemical and biological weapons.
		This results in our striking targets that were emptied or otherwise rendered less valuable because the enemy had time to prepare.
	www.hpjc.org /issues_nuclearsub.html (3687 words)

	North Korea Touts First-Strike Capability - CBS News
		Last week, the communist country warned that it had the right to launch a pre-emptive strike, saying it would strengthen its war footing before joint South Korea-U.S. military exercises scheduled for this weekend.
		The North's spokesman said it would be a "wise" step for the United States to cooperate on nuclear issues with North Korea in the same way it does with India.
		North Korea first declared last year that it has nuclear weapons, although the claim could not be confirmed independently.
	www.cbsnews.com /stories/2006/03/21/ap/world/mainD8GG5EL84.shtml (755 words)

	Mutual Deterrence
		We must possess an actual assured-destruction capability, and that capability also must be credible.
		The point is that a potential aggressor must believe that our assured-destruction capability is in fact actual, and that our will to use it in retaliation to an attack is in fact unwavering.
		It cannot because we are determined to remain fully alert and we will never permit our own assured-destruction capability to drop to a point at which a Soviet first-strike capability is even remotely feasible.
	astro.temple.edu /~rimmerma/mutual_deterrence.htm (846 words)

	The Nuclear Revolution - p. 2 of 6 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		Political aims are achieved by threatening to punish the adversary by destroying its population and industry.
		Capability required: a "second-strike countervalue capability" -- the capacity to absorb an all-out first strike and inflict unacceptable damage on the adversary in retaliation.
		Capability required: a "first-strike counterforce capability"-- the capacity to launch a first strike that removes the adversary's capacity to inflict unacceptable damage on oneself in retaliation.
	globetrotter.berkeley.edu /TeachSem/nucrev2.html (214 words)

	Activism: Peace: NVCD: Stop First Strike
		The U.S. plans for a usable nuclear first strike are the ultimate threat to back up a sharply escalated level of U.S. military intervention in the key resource producing areas of the Third World.
		The plan for these campaigns was initiated by a First Strike Prevention Project proposal and is now being co-sponsored by a steadily growing network of peace groups.
		The October Missile Crisis Action, and the subsequent Alliance to Stop First Strike strategy conference in late 1987 or early 1988, is a crucial first step toward an ongoing, sustained, and growing nonviolent obstruction of key links in the chain of preparations for initiating nuclear World War.
	activism.net /peace/nvcdh/sfs-call.shtml (794 words)

	INDIA’S STRATEGIC POSTURES REVIEWED
		But it is not suited for the fog of war when national leaders seek to avoid unintended escalation.” India too should declare its preference for a first-strike doctrine, if peace is endangered, and not opt for NFU and await destruction of a magnitude that it destroys its ‘second strike’ capability.
		I would say we are working towards having a first strike capability, but how to exercise this option within the ‘no first strike’ policy will be the subject of political decision making.”
		Strategically it should be possible before the commencement of hostilities to formulate all contingency plans for second strike capability, giving detailed orders to the SFC and all that would be required by the SFC thereafter would be the single command order “STRIKE” to put into operation India’s “second strike” retaliation.
	www.saag.org /papers7/paper604.html (1334 words)

	Yorkshire CND - AMERICA'S NUCLEAR STRATEGY: DEFENSIVE OR FIRST STRIKE? - 1/4/00 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-11-07)
		In the wake of the cold war, Americans have been propagandized into believing nuclear weapons are benign.
		America's long-range nuclear missiles -- both land-based and submarine-based -- are said to deter another country from striking first.
		Yet the pinpoint accuracy of those weapons makes them deadly against extremely hard targets such as missile silos -- targets which must be destroyed in a first strike before the missiles are launched.
	www.cndyorks.gn.apc.org /yspace/articles/bmd69.htm (444 words)

	Past Peak: Going Nuclear
		To be clear, this does not mean that a first strike by the United States would be guaranteed to work in reality; such an attack would entail many uncertainties.
		A U.S. first strike could succeed whether it was launched as a surprise or in the midst of a crisis during a Chinese alert.
		But they are wrong to conclude that such a missile-defense system is therefore worthless — as are the supporters of missile defense who argue that, for similar reasons, such a system could be of concern only to rogue states and terrorists and not to other major nuclear powers.
	www.pastpeak.com /archives/2006/04/going_nuclear_1.htm (3006 words)

	Simple way to end Iran Crisis - Sean Hannity Discussion
		They want nukes for either a first strike capability or the power to use as an offensive deterrent to counteraction against their domination of the Mid East.
		I think he means that Israel never threatened a first strike until AFTER Iran's president declared that they should be wiped off the face of the earth.
		But if the argument is that Iran is doing something to eliminate a threat of a first strike, then ending their program immediately would do that more than completing it.
	www.hannity.com /forum/showthread.php?t=59334 (1706 words)

	The Color of Truth
		Air strikes or not, the Bay of Pigs was a military and public relations fiasco that could not have turned out otherwise.
		Even if the United States did not intend to launch a first strike, in order to make nuclear deterrence credible, Kaysen argued that Washington had to convince the Soviets that the United States was willing to fight a nuclear war.
		He inquired as to our capabilities of making such a decision without letting the enemy know that we are about to do it." Clearly, a first-strike attack on the Soviets with nuclear weapons was being discussed.
	partners.nytimes.com /books/first/b/bird-truth.html (16661 words)

	SaudiPolitics.com: January 2006
		In other words, the time lapse between now and the protagonists' development of a second strike capability (to assure the first launcher of total destruction after the attacked party is decimated by that first launcher) should be the most dangerous time.
		Hence the importance of submarine-based missiles, for example, for a second strike capability, as a way to assure the first launcher of certain decimation.
		It is after all quite striking that a campaign of this magnitude would be launched without even a hint of a statement about the Golan.
	www.saudipolitics.com /2006_01_01_saudipolitics_archive.html (5603 words)

	Nuclear utilization target selection - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		To be victorious, the attacker had to destroy the target country's nuclear arsenal in a massive first strike.
		The strategy was first mentioned in the 1970s when the technology involving inter-continental ballistic missiles (ICBMs) allowed a nuclear payload to be delivered with exceptional accuracy to any location on the planet.
		Additionally, early warning systems would make it especially difficult to guarantee that an attacker would actually be able to achieve first strike capability.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Nuclear_utilization_target_selection (205 words)

	First Strike (Mordechai Sones) September, 1999
		Until now, Israeli officials and media have avoided publicly facing the issue of Arab first strike capability in Yesha, giving the public the impression that it is not an issue.
		But to the hundreds of thousands of troops of the PA militia, this is the issue for which they have been training, equipping, and organizing for the past three years.
		Residents of Yesha have not yet been given a set of practical steps to deter or defeat a first strike attack because they have not yet had the opportunity to clearly express where they stand at this fateful juncture.
	www.freeman.org /m_online/sep99/sones.htm (907 words)

	Strategic Management
		Behind this abysmal track record lies an undeniable fact: many companies continue to use management processes — top down, financially driven, and tactical — that were designed to run yesterday’s organizations.
		Imagine for a moment what your enterprise would be capable of if only.
		solves a universal management problem — not only how to formulate strategy, but how to execute that strategy with the speed and efficiency of a “first strike” capability.
	www.firststrike.biz /html/strategic_management.html (223 words)

	washingtonpost.com: With Edwards, White House Shows First-Strike Capability
		The Democratic senator from North Carolina, a 2004 presidential hopeful, would not seem to be the most serious threat to the popular president.
		When Bush called for limits on awards in medical malpractice suits last July, he spoke in North Carolina.
		Bush's allies have also been stalking Edwards in the first primary state.
	www.washingtonpost.com /ac2/wp-dyn/A54335-2003Feb10?language=printer (752 words)

	PS 410/510 The Causes and Prevention of War
		Effect #5: the “multiplier effect.” The efficiency with which one side must strike the other’s forces in order to leave the other unable to inflict unacceptable damage in retaliation increases sharply as the arsenals of both sides grow.
		This capability is relatively easy to build because weapons are relatively cheap, light, easily hidden, easily protected, and easily delivered (compared to the effort to destroy them either with first strike** systems or defensive systems.
		3.) First-strike counterforce capability: the capacity to launch a first strike that removes the adversary’s capacity to inflict unacceptable damage on oneself in retaliation.
	darkwing.uoregon.edu /~kpetersv/classes/ps410/nuclearera.htm (1849 words)

	U.S. Command Declares Global Strike Capability
		CONPLAN 8022 is “a new strike plan that includes [a] pre-emptive nuclear strike against weapons of mass destruction facilities anywhere in the world,” said Hans Kristensen, a consultant for the Natural Resources Defense Council.
		CONPLAN 8022, he wrote, is intended to address two scenarios using such capabilities: preventing a suspected imminent nuclear attack from a small state, and attacking an adversary’s suspected WMD infrastructure.
		STRATCOM’s readiness for global strike was certified to Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld and President George W. Bush in January 2004, Arkin reported.
	www.prisonplanet.com /articles/december2005/051205globalstrike.htm (533 words)

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