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	Thomas Murner
		When Lucerne was taken in the first War of Kappel (1529), Murner was to have been given up.
		He managed, however, to escape, and, after many wanderings, was appointed pastor in his birth-place, where he spent the rest of his days.
		As an author, Murner was at first an enthusiastic friend of Humanism.
	www.catholicity.com /encyclopedia/m/murner,thomas.html (944 words)

	Reformation in Switzerland - Encyclopedia (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In the Thirty Years' War, the thirteen cantons managed to maintain their neutrality, partly because all major powers in Europe were depending on Swiss mercenaries, and would not let Switzerland fall in the hands of one of their rivals.
		The first disputation of ZÃ¼rich of 1523 was the breakthrough: the city council decided to implement his reformatory plans and to convert to Protestantism.
		This schism and the defeat of ZÃ¼rich in the second war of Kappel in 1531, where Zwingli was killed on the battlefield, were a serious setback, ultimately limiting Zwinglianism to parts of the Swiss confederacy and preventing its adoption in areas north of the river Rhine.
	encyclopedia.maksiu.info /wiki/Reformation_in_Switzerland (3872 words)

	DUTCH WARS - LoveToKnow Article on DUTCH WARS (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		By Englishmen the term Dutch Wars is usually applied to the two purely naval wars of 165253 and 166367 and to the Anglo-Dutch or naval part of the war that began in 1672.
		In this war, which presented no features of a creditable kind, the loss to English commerce from Dutch cruisers was so great that it was found necessary to suspend the clause of the navigation act which forbade the purchase of foreign-built vessels.
		The war in this quarter was memorable for Conds last, and Williams first, battle, the desperate and indecisive engagement of Seneffe (August 11th), in which the two armies lost one-seventh of their strength in killed alone.
	www.1911encyclopedia.org /D/DU/DUTCH_WARS.htm (10269 words)

	First war of Kappel - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The first war of Kappel ( Erster Kappelerkrieg) was an armed conflict in 1529 between the protestant and the catholic cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the reformation in Switzerland.
		After numerous minor incidents and provocations from both sides, a protestant pastor was burned on the stake in Schwyz in 1529, and in retaliation ZÃ¼rich declared war.
		Legend has it that instead of fighting, the two armies peacefully shared a milk soup, known as the Kappeler Milchsuppe, cooked in a pot placed exactly on the cantonal border between ZÃ¼rich and Zug, while a peace was negotiated.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/First_war_of_Kappel (301 words)

	WILLIAM IV. (OF HESSE) - LoveToKnow Article on WILLIAM IV. (OF HESSE) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		William took up arms in defence of his brother-in-law's rights and Margaret was decisively beaten at West Kappel in 1253, and was compelled to acknowledge John of Avennes as her successor to the county of Hainaut.
		Until the king came of age in 1171 the government was controlled first by the chancellor Stephen of Perche, cousin of Marguerite (1166-1168), and then by Walter Ophamil, archbishop of Palermo, and Matthew d'Ajello, the vice-chancellor.
		On his accession to the throne of Wiirttemberg in 1816 he realised the expectations formed of him as a liberal-minded ruler by promulgating a constitution (1819), under which serfdom and obsolete class privileges were swept away, and by issuing ordinances which greatly assisted the financial and industrial development and the educational progress of his country.
	29.1911encyclopedia.org /W/WI/WILLIAM_IV_OF_HESSE_.htm (2718 words)

	Russian Empire - First World War in the News
		Kappel's remains were discovered at a rundown Orthodox church cemetery in Harbin, a Chinese frontier city where tens of thousands of Russian emigres found refuge in the wake of the 1917 Bolshevik revolution.
		The soldiers were the first to be reburied as part of a larger campaign to rebury the remains of 300 to 400 Russian soldiers believed killed and unaccounted for in the Carpathians.
		The war was a difficult subject for the new rulers of Soviet Russia, since they viewed it as an expansionist conflict, embarked upon by Russia as an inevitable consequence of their imperialist ambitions.
	firstworldwar.cloudworth.com /russia-soviet-empire.php (1607 words)

	CATHOLIC ENCYCLOPEDIA: Switzerland
		The war with the League was renewed by Duke Leopold III of Austria, but in the battle near Sempach in 1386 his army was defeated and he himself was killed.
		This resulted in the two wars of Kappel (1528-31), which ended in the victory of the Catholic districts by the battle near Kappel in 1531, in which Zwingli was killed.
		This latter war ended in the victory of the Protestant districts, and it was followed by a new partition of the common lordships in favor of the conquerors, as well as by the granting of complete parity to the Protestant inhabitants of the subject lands.
	www.newadvent.org /cathen/14358a.htm (7575 words)

	WHKMLA : Reformation in Switzerland
		The city council of ZÜRICH was the first to decide on the orderly implementation of the reformation, with which HULDRYCH ZWINGLI was entrusted, after not having been proven a heretic in a public disputation (1523).
		War erupted first in 1529 (FIRST KAPPEL WAR), but the conflict was settled without a fight (the Kappel milk soup).
		Peace was restored in the SECOND TREATY OF KAPPEL, which left the decision to implement the reformation to the individual canton.
	www.zum.de /whkmla/period/reformation/swsref.html (1224 words)

	Baar-Kappel
		For that deed he was rewarded later on with the fief of the Sennhof (part of the property of the former monastery Kappel), further with the Zuerich citizenship and the membership in the guild „zur Meisen“.
		In Kappel, after crossing the main road, the route passes a little pond, the former monastery and other houses belonging to that property; one is now a Seminar center with the „Haus der Stille“ and cultural Center, another is a public Restaurant.
		After reaching the first stable at Oberalbis, a track to the left is leading upwards to the woods.
	www.gruxa.ch /baar-kappel.htm (1453 words)

	Kappel am Rhein, History: Fate at River and Border (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Due to the war many hard times came upon our village at the border and still alive in everyone's memory are the awful events of the last war when the upper Rhine valley became a battle-field once again.
		This is how the settlement of our area may have happened: at first the villages at the edge of the mountains developed- Ringsheim, Ettenheim, Altdorf, Mahlberg [See map] and also Oschweier which is located on the Schuttkegel of the Muenster valley.
		Maybe the location of the close by Kappel convinced the inhabitants of Triesloch to resettle since so many of the small villages were in danger of wild animals and wandering riff-raff.
	members.aol.com /rphs44/page/kappel.htm (1519 words)

	STURDZA (FAMILY) - LoveToKnow Article on STURDZA (FAMILY) (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		In 1529 he married the first of his four wives, a daughter of Heinrich Brennwald (1478-1551), who wrote a work (still in MS.) on Swiss history, and stimulated his son-in-law to undertake historical Btudies.
		The woodcuts are best in the first edition, and it remained till Scheuchzer's day (early i8th century) the chief authority on its subject.
		Its members belong to two main divisions, which trace their descent respectively from John (loan) or from Alexander (Sandu), the sons of Kirak Sturdza, who lived in the i7th century, and may be regarded as the founder of the family.
	11.1911encyclopedia.org /S/ST/STURDZA_FAMILY_.htm (1190 words)

	SCHWYZ - LoveToKnow Article on SCHWYZ (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		The valley of Schwyz is first mentioned in 972 under the form of Suittes.
		All these districts were governed by Schwyz as subject lands, the supreme power resting with the Lands gemeinde (or assembly of all male citizens of full age), which is first distinctly mentioned In 1294, though it seems to have already existed in 1281, when mention is also made of a common seal.
		In 1832 the outer districts (Einsiedeln, the March, Kussnacht and Pfffikon) formed themselves into a separate canton, an act which brought about a federal occupation of the old canton in 1833, this ending in the dissolution of the new canton, the constituent parts of which were put on an equal political footing with the rest.
	65.1911encyclopedia.org /S/SC/SCHWYZ.htm (1411 words)

	Obituary: William D. Kappel / Jeweler who knew diamonds, salesmanship (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Kappel, of Ben Avon Heights, died Monday of complications from pneumonia.
		Kappel's Jewelers, a longtime Pittsburgh business with four locations, was reorganized at the end of 1993 and now is known as Dean Diamond Importers.
		Kappel married late, and his two children described him as the perfect father and grandfather.
	www.post-gazette.com /pg/05232/557130.stm (641 words)

	The History of Protestantism by J. A. Wylie (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		But though the calamity of Kappel arrested, it did not extinguish, the movement; on the contrary, it tended eventually to consolidate and quicken it by impressing upon its friends the necessity of union.
		The first of these was the village of Kertezers, the church of which had been given in the year 962 to the Abbey of Payerne, by Queen Berthe, wife of Rodolph II., King of Burgundy, foundress of the abbey.
		The topic of his first address was Holy Scripture, the fountain-head of all Divine knowledge, in contradistinction to tradition of Fathers, or decree of Council, and the only authority on earth to which the conscience of man was subject.
	www.whatsaiththescripture.com /Voice/History.Protestant.v2.b14.html (15198 words)

	1860 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		December 29 - The first British seagoing ironclad[?] warship, the HMS Warrior [?] is launched.
		First running of the Queen's Plate in Toronto, Ontario, North America's oldest thoroughbred horse race.
		Kappel quietly pockets his Letter ; still more quietly, with a view to resealing: he then steps out; giving his BURSCH 'You and these two horses' (specific for speed); and, in the Herr Gerlach's, for some preliminary business.
	www.termsdefined.net /18/1860.html (452 words)

	Statement of Faith - First Congregational Church, New Milford, CT
		The Korean War came and went without mention in the history of the church and the generation of people born to the generation that had lived through the great depression and the great war came.
		First is our desire for a quick fix, neatly packaged answers: truths that will change what we do not like in the world and change it quickly – before the fun begins again.
		The first important meeting of the church society in relation to the proposed changes in the church building was held on the 22nd of September, 1890.
	www.nmchurch.org /history.htm (14621 words)

	Erich and George
		First, immigration to Bolivia was closed, and second Bolivia did not have diplomatic relations with either Russia or Latvia.
		After the end of the french war and the uniting of Germany in 1871, anti-semitism grew to such an extent and with such openness and aggression in political parties and daily life, that even the Jews in humanitarian lodges could no longer remain members.
		Kappel was also allowed to keep his mineral collection in his room to have some pleasure from it in his last years.
	www.herzenberg.net /leo/htmlrh/ErichGeorge.html (2751 words)

	Historic Fiction
		First in series of eight novels for boys known as The Young Trailers Series, by the Kentucky born author (1862-1919).
		Novel of the frontier of New Hampshire in the mid-1700s: the French and Indian War, Robert Rogers's attack on the St. Francis Indians, and the battle on the Plains of Abraham.
		First U.S. Novel of Shane O’Neill, Prince of Ulster and King of Ireland at the time of Mary and Elizabeth I. NF in lightly worn dj.
	www.secondhandprose.com /historic.htm (11340 words)

	The Swiss and Human Thought
		His indignation was aroused first at the mercenary wars in which Swiss soldiers engaged—he had accompanied Swiss forces into Italy as chaplain on two occasions—and so sternly did he inveigh against participation in such wars that he had to give up his pastorate at Glarus and take refuge at Einsiedeln Abbey.
		At Kappel, where the Roman Catholic and Protestant armies lay facing each other, a band of the Catholics got hold of a large bowl of milk, and, lacking bread, they placed it on the boundary line between Zug and Zurich.
		In the development of this plan civil war within Switzerland was fomented, and Zwingli was killed in 1531 fighting with the Protestant forces of Zurich against the Roman Catholics of the Forest Cantons.
	www.oldandsold.com /articles25/switzerland-6.shtml (2211 words)

	WW1, Civil War, and the White Army
		The first three volumes are: The Birth of the White Army (2001); The First Battles of the White Army (2001); The First Kuban (`Icy`) March (2001).
		This book, according to the author of the introduction, is the first objective study of the early period of the war and this is its first publication in Russia.
		This is the first martyrology of the over five thousand officers of the Guards of the Russian empire who lost their lives either during the Bolshevik revolution of 1917, or the Red terror, or the Civil war of 1917-1922, or were repressed during 1920-1930s, or died in emigration.
	www.panrus.com /books/category.php?langID=1&catID=58 (1931 words)

	THE REFORMATION IN SWITZERLAND AND SOUTHERN GERMANY
		Actually this "war" hardly deserves the name, because it was over virtually before it started; the Catholics were in no position to put up a fight, and not a shot was fired.
		Matthew Zell, who preached in a chapel of Strasbourg cathedral, was the first to preach the Reformed doctrines in the city; by 1521 he had gone over to the side of the Reformation.
		Since the governing authorities were at first split on the religious issue, the original initiative in the reform movement came from the evangelical preachers and the body of citizens.
	vlib.iue.it /carrie/texts/carrie_books/gilbert/13.html (4471 words)

	First war of Kappel information - Search.com
		The first war of Kappel (Erster Kappelerkrieg) was an armed conflict in 1529 between the protestant and the catholic cantons of the Old Swiss Confederacy during the reformation in Switzerland.
		After numerous minor incidents and provocations from both sides, a Catholic priest was executed in the Thurgau in May 1528, and the Protestant pastor J. Keyser was burned at the stake in Schwyz in 1529.
		The last straw was the installation of a Catholic reeve at Baden, and Zürich declared war on 8 June, occupied the Thurgau and the territories of the Abbey of St. Gall and marched to Kappel at the border to Zug.
	www.search.com /reference/First_war_of_Kappel (360 words)

	Kappel Coat of Arms
		First found in Switzerland, where the family gained a significant reputation for its contributions to the emerging mediaeval society.
		Some of the first settlers of this name or some of its variants were: Friedman Kaplan, who arrived in Philadelphia in 1860; Andrew Kaplan, who arrived in Arkansas in 1882; Max Kaplan who arrived in Mississippi in 1899; Sam Kaplan, aged 24 who arrived in New York in 1893.
		The Thirty Years' War was a series of political and religious wars that lasted from 1618 until 1648.
	www.houseofnames.com /xq/asp.c/qx/kappel-coat-arms.htm (1847 words)

	Teaching and Learning: American Religions to 1870: American Religions to 1870 Website Visuals (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-15)
		Permission from the first wife was sought and approval from the appropriate leader was required to practice plural marriage.
		The first fl chaplain is considered to be the Reverend Henry McNeal Turner, a pastor from Baltimore, Maryland.
		It was also the first war in which chaplains went into the conflict as officially designated noncombatants, since the United States had signed the Geneva Conventions in 1882.
	www.historians.org /tl/LessonPlans/wi/Hoeveler/Religion.html (9663 words)

	Hertel Kappel Family Tree
		Was still in the house in Kappel in 1994, has since passed away.
		The Kappel records sometimes include Grafenhausen Johann Jakob Köbele (July 7, 1723 to Jan. 16, 1788) 3rd of 5 children.
		On April 30, 1753, married (first wife): Rosina (Rosa) Dalmann (June 24, 1730 to Sept. 28, 1779) 7th of 7 children.
	ubiqx.org /~crh/kappel/FamilyTree.html (2503 words)

	1st New York Heavy Artillery - Civil War Newspaper Clippings - NY Military Museum and Veterans Research Center
		We rejoice in the success of these worthy young men, and trust they may be spared from the perils of grim-visaged war to yet enjoy the blessings of that peace for which they have so valiantly fought.
		His battery has been in the hottest engagements of the war, and always so ably managed and effective, that commanding officers have learned to rely upon it, and in the retreat of Hooker, it covered the retiring troops at the crossing of United States Ford.
		The charge was very impetuous and the infantry at first gave way and the Battery was held for a moment by the enemy, when the cannoniers rallied with the infantry and seizing upon any weapons they could reach, threw themselves upon the enemy and assisted to drive them back.
	www.dmna.state.ny.us /historic/reghist/civil/artillery/1stArtLt/1stArtLtAllCWN.htm (2099 words)

	WHKMLA : First War of Kappel
		The FIRST WAR OF KAPPEL was not satisfactory to HULDRYCH ZWINGLI and his supporters in ZÜRICH, who still were determined to spread the reformation to the cantons of eastern Switzerland.
		Force was used to dissolve the abbey of ST. GALL, the abbey's subjects placed under the administration of a bailiff appointed by Zürich.
		The two forces met at Kappel on October 11th, where insults were exchanged - the Catholics calling the Zürichers 'chalice thieves', the Zürichers their opponents 'traitors' and 'meat traders' (in reference to the mercenary trade).
	www.zum.de /whkmla/military/16cen/kappel2.html (407 words)

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