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	White Dove's Native American Indian Site Five Civilized Tribes
		The term Five Civilized Tribes is the name commonly given to the five major tribes of the southeastern part of the United States: the Cherokees, Chickasaws, Choctaws, Muskogee Confederation (Creeks), and Seminoles.
		The tribes also developed their own constitutions, law codes, judicial systems, and other facets of "civilization," and by the early nineteenth century had come to be called "Civilized Tribes."
		The "Civilization" of the Cherokees was enhanced when Sequoyah developed the Cherokee syllabary, which reduced the Cherokee language to eighty-five written characters.
	users.multipro.com /whitedove/encyclopedia/five-civilized-tribes.html (648 words)

	AllRefer.com - Five Civilized Tribes (North American Indigenous Peoples) - Encyclopedia
		for the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes of E Oklahoma.
		By 1850 some 60,000 members of these tribes were settled in the Indian Territory under the Removal Act of 1830, which provided that this territory was to be held communally on the condition that the tribes surrendered certain land rights E of the Mississippi River.
		After the American Civil War, the majority of tribes having aided the Confederacy, all treaties were put aside, their lands were restricted to E Oklahoma, and their fl slaves, who had numbered several thousand, were freed.
	reference.allrefer.com /encyclopedia/F/FiveCivi.html (376 words)

	FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES. The Columbia Encyclopedia: Sixth Edition. 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		for the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes of E Oklahoma.
		By 1850 some 60,000 members of these tribes were settled in the Indian Territory under the Removal Act of 1830, which provided that this territory was to be held communally on the condition that the tribes surrendered certain land rights E of the Mississippi River.
		After the American Civil War, the majority of tribes having aided the Confederacy, all treaties were put aside, their lands were restricted to E Oklahoma, and their fl slaves, who had numbered several thousand, were freed.
	www.bartleby.com /aol/65/fi/FiveCivi.html (240 words)

	Five Civilized Tribes - HighBeam Encyclopedia
		Five Civilized Tribes reflect on pain, growth of 100 years.
		Five Civilized Tribes: Century of change: Five Civilized Tribes mark 100th year of the history-making Act of 1906.
		Tribes hope to find answers to repatriation issues in unity: Lack of land base for burials is troubling for many tribes
	www.encyclopedia.com /doc/1E1-FiveCivi.html (777 words)

	Indians
		Five tribes of these Indians had come to be known as the Five Civilized Tribes because of their advanced systems of government, education and law enforcement.
		Settled in their new homes, the Five Civilized Tribes began building cultures out of the Oklahoma wilderness, laying the foundation of a society which would carry the territory to statehood and modern times.
		After the Civil War, many of the lands taken away from the Five Civilized Tribes in Oklahoma Territory were turned over to tribes from the West.
	www.otrd.state.ok.us /StudentGuide/indians.html (1392 words)

	IN RE LANDS OF FIVE CIVILIZED TRIBES
		By the same act, the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes was established, whose duty it was to negotiate with the tribes for the purpose of reaching agreements for the allotment of the land; the express purpose being to bring about a condition looking to ultimate statehood.
		But in the act of April 26, 1906, we have seen that recording in the office of the Commission to the Five Civilized Tribes is made a prerequisite to the conveyance of legal title to the allottee, in that it is provided that, when so recorded, the patent shall convey legal title.
		Five years later, in section 8 of the act of March 3, 1903, above quoted, Congress decided to reduce the term of inalienability attaching to homesteads from a perpetuity to that of a term comprising the lifetime of the allottee, not exceeding 21 years from the date of the deed for the allotment.
	thorpe.ou.edu /treatises/cases/FiveCiv.html (5845 words)

	ASU Libraries: The Five Southeastern Tribes
		Material is held in the Labriola Center and covers history of the tribe both before and after removal from their ancestral homelands in the southeast, feast of the Mississippi from Lake Michigan to Florida.
		Each tribe is introduced with a short history in addition to basic information on religion, language, house styles, subsistence, clothing and adornment, healing practices, tribal organization, current tribal issues, with a bibliography for further reading.
		No history of the five tribes is complete without an understanding and overview of the activities of the Dawes Commission, which was authorized by Congress in 1893.
	www.asu.edu /lib/archives/labriola/fivetribes.htm (2233 words)

	Tribes and Nations
		The Creek were originally one of the dominant tribes in the mid-south and later became known as one of the Five Civilized Tribes.
		The Cherokee were one of the largest tribes in the Southeast and were among the earliest to adapt to European civilization.
		The tribe used the lakes and rivers of the region like a vast highway network, and developed the birch bark canoe into one of the continent's major means of transportation.
	www.twingroves.district96.k12.il.us /NativeAmericans/Tribes&Nations.html (1697 words)

	Five Civilized Tribes -- Facts, Info, and Encyclopedia article (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Members of the tribes tried to emulate white society, including owning (Click link for more info and facts about African American) African American (A person who is owned by someone) slaves.
		They were divided during the (Civil war in the United States between the North and the South; 1861-1865) American Civil War as to which side of the war to support.
		The Cherokee fought a civil war within their tribe between those who supported the (The state of being joined or united or linked) Union and those who supported the (The southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861) Confederacy.
	www.absoluteastronomy.com /encyclopedia/f/fi/five_civilized_tribes.htm (226 words)

	Five Civilized Tribes Commemorate Act of 1906
		The Five Civilized Tribes (Chickasaw, Muscogee Creek, Seminole, Cherokee and Choctaw) met at the Council Oak in Tulsa to commemorate the 100th anniversary of the Act of 1906.
		TULSA, Okla. – Leaders of the Five Civilized Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee Creek, and Seminole) held a press conference at the historic Council Oak Park in Tulsa to commemorate the centennial of the Act of 1906.
		Haney also highlighted multiple economic contributions to the state of Oklahoma by the tribes, including the fact that, collectively, the tribes are the largest employer in the state and that the tribes build roads and bridges; help fund local schools; and provide extensive medical care.
	www.cherokee.org /home.aspx?section=story&id=RwmymMoZyA0= (704 words)

	The Last of The Five Tribes
		These once powerful tribes have abandoned their identity and institutions, and have severed the bonds which for many years have held the individuals together as tribes.
		The five civilized tribes are kindred, and their association is of long standing.
		Their scheme of Government is modeled upon that of the States; each tribe has its written constitution and code of laws, and its three branches of Government -- legislative, executive and judicial, and the offices are filled by members of the tribes at popular elections.
	www.runningdeerslonghouse.com /webdoc3.htm (1475 words)

	Tulsa City-County Library - Collections & Services - Genealogy Center - American Indian Research
		The five civilized tribes consist of the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek and Seminole tribes.
		These tribes were removed to Oklahoma in the late 1830's and early 1840's from their homelands in the southeastern United States.
		Between 1898-1906, the Final Rolls of the Five Civilized Tribes were taken to determine individuals who qualified for membership in the tribes.
	www.tulsalibrary.org /genealogy/amindianresearch.htm (648 words)

	The Five Civilized Tribes - The USGenWeb Census Project
		of the Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1898-1914
		The rolls were prepared by the Commission and the Commissioner to the Five Civilized Tribes and submitted to the Secretary of the Interior for approval as provided by several acts of Congress.
		This series is arranged by name of tribe and thereunder divided into rolls for citizens by blood, citizens by marriage, and freedmen.
	www.us-census.org /native/5_civlilized_tribes.html (726 words)

	Five Civilized Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Under the Indian Removal Act of 1830, the Five Tribes were deported from their traditional homelands east of the Mississippi and forced to settle in Indian Territory.
		Members of the Five Tribes absorbed many cultural features of their white neighbors, including plow agriculture and animal husbandry, European-style houses and dress, and even the ownership of fl slaves.
		Among the more western tribes, notably the Creek, social stratification existed in the form of noble and common classes that were marked by their mode of dress.
	www.shadowwolf.org /five_civilized_tribes.html (328 words)

	Native American Five Civilized Tribes Genealogy (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		Civilized or not, the European settlers saw them as a threat to their plans for westward expansion.
		As a result, the Five Tribes were removed from their traditional homelands in the eastern United States in a series of forced removals beginning in the 1830s.
		The only exception to this rule among the Five Tribes is the Eastern Band of Cherokee who did not remove to the West and have lived as a community continuously in North Carolina.
	www.progenealogists.com /nativeamerican.htm (1631 words)

	Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Cherokee were one of the Five Civilized Tribes.
		The Choctaw were one of the Five Civilized Tribes.
		The Crow used smoke signals to let other members of their tribe know that buffalo were nearby, or that enemies were coming.
	www.promotega.org /vsu05035/tribes.htm (1299 words)

	Chronicles of Oklahoma
		Members of the Five Civilized Tribes were honored this year by an unusual invitation from the Alabama Department of Archives and History through its Director, Mrs.
		All five of the banners should be uniform in size and general design, having white fields surmounted at center with the respective seals of the nations, done in colors.
		Through the co-operation of the office of A. Landman, Superintendent of the Five Civilized Tribes Agency, original impressions of the seals were made on gold leaf with the old dies located in the Indian records at Muskogee.
	digital.library.okstate.edu /chronicles/v018/v018p357.html (5308 words)

	Genealogists/Family Historians - Article on Native American Research
		Having decided on a tribe or tribes, the next step is to do some basic homework on the tribal history.
		In addition, people who remained behind when the bulk of their tribe was moved by the Federal government will probably be "lost" as far as official BIA records are concerned.
		The amount of land each person received varied from tribe to tribe but generally consisted of a "homestead" which was inalienable for a period of time and "surplus" which was often quickly sold or leased.
	www.archives.gov /genealogy/heritage/native-american/ancestor-search.html (4135 words)

	Ancestry.com - The Dawes Commision and the Allotment of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1893-1914
		Ancestry.com - The Dawes Commision and the Allotment of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1893-1914
		The Dawes Commision and the Allotment of the Five Civilized Tribes, 1893-1914
		The hope was that the commission could persuade the governments of the Five Civilized Tribes to negotiate themselves out of existence—an essential first step in implementing a policy of allotting land to each individual Indian.
	www.ancestry.netscape.com /library/view/news/articles/1876.asp (1333 words)

	The Five Civilized Tribes (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The term "Five Civilized Tribes" was invented by Euro-Americans to refer to the Choctaws, Creeks, Chickasaws, Cherokees, and Seminoles.
		In the 1830s, the federal government undertook to remove the Five Civilized Tribes from their homelands in Mississippi and Georgia and relocate them to Indian Territory which would later become the state of Oklahoma.
		The Five Civilized Tribes were not warmly accepted and were often viewed with suspicion and contempt.
	www.sff.net /people/Rion.Wilhelm/Five_tribes.html (408 words)

	Cherokee Nation Defined
		Analysis: In the latter part of the 19th Century, it was the intention of Congress to destroy the governments of the Five Civilized Tribes.
		The United States Congress passed the Five Civilized Tribes Act of 1906 which provided for the continuation of the governments of the Five Tribes in accordance with law and providing that the President of the United States or his designee could appoint a "chief" to carry out the unfinished business of their respective nations.
		The rights of the Creek Nation were restored in 1979 when that tribe reorganized under the authority of the OIWA and all disabilities imposed upon it by the Curtis Act of 1898 were superseded.
	www.manataka.org /~manataka/page1988.html (2248 words)

	Five Civilized Tribes — Infoplease.com
		Ocmulgee N.M., Georgia--the Intertribal Council of Five Civilized Tribes recently sent a resolution to the Federal Highway Administration......
		When turks civilized the world: Clive Foss looks at the way in which Kemal Ataturk rewrote history as part of his radical modernization......
		Protector of the Nez Perce: chief Joseph of the Nez Perce tribe excelled as a military strategist, courageously fought as a warrior,......
	www.infoplease.com /ce6/society/A0818825.html (451 words)

	BPL Native American Bibliography
		The Five Civilized Tribes: Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, Seminole.
		The series is arranged by tribe and then divided into rolls for citizens by blood, citizens by marriage, and freedmen.
		The enrollment of the Seminole was compiled in 1898 and reference is made to each member’s enrollment on the Seminole tribal roll of 1897 on which the names of the members of the tribe were classified according to the fourteen bands into which the Seminole tribe is divided.
	www.bham.lib.al.us /sou/oldsite/nativeamer.htm (3210 words)

	Indianz.Com Message Board - Five Civilized Tribes - 100 Years Later (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-17)
		The Intertribal Council of the Five Civilized Tribes held the ceremony to mark the 100th anniversary of the Five Civilized Tribes Act, which forced allotment on the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek) and Seminole nations.
		The rights of the Creek Nation were restored in 1979 when that tribe reorganized under the authority of the OIWA and all disabilities imposed upon it by the Curtis Act of 1898 were superceded.
		We have the 1970 FTA providing for the popular selection of the principal officers of the Five Tribes as they existed under the law and repealing the appointment of the chief by the president and allowing the promulgation of rules to carry out the selection.
	www.indianz.com /board/topic.asp?TOPIC_ID=20760 (5761 words)

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