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Topic: The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence

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	Peaceful coexistence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		Peaceful coexistence was a theory developed during the Cold War among Communist states that they could peacefully coexist with capitalist states.
		The theory of peaceful coexistence promoted by the Soviet Union asserted that the two superpowers (the USA and USSR) and their ideologies could co-exist together, without war (peacefully).
		In 1982 the Five Principles were written into the Constitution of the People's Republic of China which claims to be bound by them in its international relations.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Peaceful_coexistence (796 words)

	Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence or Pancha Sila (also spelled Panch Sila or Panchsheel) are a series of agreements between the People's Republic of China and India.
		Later, the Five Principles were formally written into the preface to the "Agreement Between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of India on Trade and Intercourse Between the Tibet Region of China and India" concluded between the two sides.
		Despite the existence of the Five Principles, continued differences between the two nations led to the Sino-Indian War in 1962.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Five_Principles_of_Peaceful_Coexistence (244 words)

	China's Foreign Policy
		The document clearly stipulated that the basic principle of China's foreign policy was to guarantee independence, freedom and territorial integrity of the state, support protracted world peace and friendly cooperation among peoples of all countries in the world, and oppose imperialist policies of aggression and war.
		Peaceful coexistence calls on all countries to seek common interests, reserve differences, respect each other, maintain friendly cooperation and live in harmony regardless of differences in their social systems and ideologies.
		On the basis of the principle of peaceful coexistence, China has constantly stood for establishing and developing relations with developed countries, and regarded improving the relations with developed countries and promoting development with them as an important task of China's foreign affairs.
	english.peopledaily.com.cn /china/19990914A128.html (1205 words)

	DAWN - Opinion; 14 June, 2004
		These five principles - namely non-aggression, non-interference in internal affairs, equality, mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence - encapsulate the quintessence of the rules of international law on the rights and duties of states to save the world from the scourge of war and guide its peoples towards peace and development.
		Integral to peaceful coexistence is also to the promotion of an international economic order of justice, equality and mutual benefit with a key role for the United Nations.
		The unilateral preemptive use of force negates the core principles of the UN Charter that outlaw aggression and interference in domestic affairs of states and call for peaceful settlement of disputes.
	www.dawn.com /2004/06/14/op.htm (4662 words)

	Peaceful Coexistence - Two Diametrically Opposed Policies
		The peaceful coexistence of capitalism and communism is quite possible provided there is a mutual desire to co-operate, readiness to carry out undertaken commitments, and observance of the principle of equality and non-interference in the internal affairs of other states.
		Lenin’s policy of peaceful coexistence was directed against the imperialist policies of aggression and war, whereas Khrushchov’s peaceful coexistence caters to imperialism and abets the imperialist policies of aggression and war.
		While harping on peaceful coexistence in recent years, the leaders of the CPSU have in fact not only violated the principle of proletarian internationalism but even failed to conform to the Five Principles of peaceful coexistence in their attitude towards China and a number of other socialist countries.
	www.marxists.org /subject/china/documents/polemic/peaceful.htm (10173 words)

	Cold War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		These geopolitical and ideological rivalries were accompanied by a third factor that had just emerged from World War II as a new problem in world affairs: the problem of effective international control of nuclear energy.
		The Détente period of the Cold War was marked by mediation and comparative peace.
		In Poland, Hungary, and Bulgaria reforms in the government (in the case of Poland under pressure from Solidarity), prompted a peaceful end to Communist rule and democratization.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Cold_War (3812 words)

	Issues and Concerns: Bandung â“ making history
		The Bandung Summit was preceded in a substantive way by the formulation of the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in 1954 by China and India as a guide to state-to-state relations and to international relations in general.
		The principles are mutual respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual nonaggression, noninterference in each otherâs internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
		These five principles were subsequently integrated into and elaborated in the Declaration of Ten Principles by which nations could develop friendly cooperation and live together in peace.
	www.aprnet.org /index.php?a=show&t=issues&i=28 (840 words)

	[No title]
		The Panchsheel, or the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, were initiated and proposed by China, India and Myanmar (formerly Burma).
		The five principles stood for mutual respect for each other's sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
		Former Chinese Vice-Prime Minister Qian Qichen, speaking at an international seminar on the Panchsheel in Beijing in the second week of June, said that the "Five Principles weathered the vicissitudes of the international situation and were gradually and universally accepted by the international community as the fundamental norms guiding international relations".
	www.hinduonnet.com /thehindu/thscrip/print.pl?file=20040730001805900.htm&date=fl2115/&prd=fline& (1392 words)

	China's National Defense in 2000
		The five countries have decided todeepen cooperation in the political, diplomatic, economic and trade, military, militarytechnology and other fields to consolidate regional security and stability, and toeffectively implement all the clauses of the agreements they have signed concerningconfidence-building in the military field and the mutual reduction of military forcesalong the border areas.
		The joint communique signedafter the meeting reiterates the determination of the five countries to develop theirmilitary and political relations and conduct friendly cooperation based on equality andmutual trust with due consideration to the interests of all the parties and theirneighboring areas.
		The five agreed that theywould further study the possibility of strengthening confidence-building measures in themilitary field, promote cooperation between frontier departments, and jointly combattransnational crimes, stage joint exercises in preventing dangerous military activities,combating international terrorists and carrying out emergency rescue and disaster relief,share peace-keeping experiences and coordinate with each other in their peace-keepingoperations.
	www.intellnet.org /resources/china_defense_2000/china-001016wp5.htm (2114 words)

	China's National Defense in 2000
		The Dushanbe Statement signed after the meeting points out that the five countries are playing an increasingly important and positive role in safeguarding regional security and stability and are committed to making the "Shanghai Five" a regional mechanism for their multilateral cooperation in all fields.
		The joint communique signed after the meeting reiterates the determination of the five countries to develop their military and political relations and conduct friendly cooperation based on equality and mutual trust with due consideration to the interests of all the parties and their neighboring areas.
		Peaceful means, rather than force measures, should be sought to settle disputes, such as mediation, good offices and negotiation.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/china/doctrine/cnd0010/china-001016wp5.htm (2219 words)

	China
		Pursuing a peaceful foreign policy of independence and self-determination is dictated by China's national nature, social system, and historical encounters as well as the times and the country's realistic missions.
		The peaceful foreign policy of independence and self-determination China pursues benefits the noble cause of peace and development for mankind; it not only serves our own national interests but also the interests of the people of the world and the trend of the times.
		China's peaceful foreign policy represents the basic interests of the people of China and the people of the world and is understood, and widely applauded, by more and more countries and peoples of the world.
	www.nti.org /db/china/engdocs/liuqiu.htm (5789 words)

	The Tribune, Chandigarh, India - Nation
		BANGALORE, April 9 — The People’s Republic of China is ready to establish a cooperative and constructive partnership with India in the future on the basis of Panchsheel (the five principles for peaceful coexistence), according to Chinese Consul-General in Mumbai Huang Quan Heng.
		BANGALORE, April 9 (UNI) — The People’s Republic of China (PRC) is ready to establish a cooperative and constructive partnership with India in the future on the basis of Panchsheel (the five principles for peaceful coexistence), according to Chinese Consul-General in Mumbai Huang Quan Heng.
		Five persons, including a French national, were killed and seven others injured when the van in which they were travelling collided with an Andhra Pradesh State Road Transport Corporation bus near the Chengalpattu bypass road, about 60 km from here.
	www.tribuneindia.com /2000/20000410/nation.htm (2516 words)

	China Wants New World Order
		The common wish is for the establishment of a just and reasonable new political and economic order in the world, she said, one that must first help create a long-term peaceful environment for the development of all countries in the world.
		The basis of the new world order, she said, should be the five principles of peaceful coexistence and other international norms.
		The five principles refer to mutual respect for each nation's sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefits, and peaceful coexistence.
	www.china-embassy.org /eng/zmgx/zgwjzc/t35080.htm (200 words)

	Institute of Peace and Conflict Studies (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		The major task facing the people of the world is to promote the process of multi-polarity for world peace and ride the tide of globalization for common development so that a just and fair international new political and economic order can be established in the new century.
		After being put to practice for a few decades, the five principles of Peaceful Coexistence not only have been widely accepted as basic principles governing international relations, but will also serve as an important foundation for a new international political and economic order.
		China supports all efforts that are conductive to peace and stability in South Asia and the process of regional cooperation therein.
	www.ipcs.org /ipcs/databaseIndex3.jsp?check=40 (2436 words)

	The Week (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Panchsheel, or the five principles of peaceful coexistence, formulated by Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru and Chinese premier Chou En-Lai on June 28, 1954, include mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-aggression, non-interference in each other’s internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence.
		Zhen Ruixiang, former consul general to India and senior research fellow at the China Institute for International Studies, said that it was when the five principles were ignored that bilateral relations hit a roadblock.
		"The appropriate code of conduct for a globalised world would be the five principles of peaceful co-existence and not the overlordship of one super-power or group of nations," he said.
	www.the-week.com /24jul04/currentevents_article4.htm (1164 words)

	Pakistan Times \| Top Stories: Pakistan not to accept LoC as permanent Border: Agha Shahi
		The Boundary Agreement of 1963 delimiting the watershed of the majestic Karakorum Mountains as their common border was a landmark event that set the sage of developing the comprehensive, stable and long-term relationship.
		The other speakers at the seminar said that over the past half a century, the five principles have made great contributions to maintaining world and regional peace and prosperity, he noted.
		The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, initiated by China, India and Myanmar in 1954, are mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
	pakistantimes.net /2004/06/16/top9.htm (710 words)

	Peaceful Coexistence . . . Diametrically Opposed Policies
		They assert that peaceful coexistence is "the general line of foreign policy of the Soviet Union and the countries of the socialist camp".
		the so-called general line of peaceful coexistence pursued by the leaders of the CPSU is anti-Leninist, it abandons the principle of proletarian internationalism, damages the cause of opposing imperialism and defending world peace, and runs counter to the interests of the revolutionary struggles of the oppressed peoples and nations.
		SOVIET-U.S. While harping on peaceful coexistence in recent years, the leaders of the CPSU have in fact not only violated the principle of proletarian internationalism but even failed to conform to the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence in their attitude towards China and a number of other socialist countries.
	www.marx2mao.com /Other/PC63.html (10649 words)

	Changes in China's International Strategy and Goals for the New Millennium (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-31)
		Peace and development remain the primary international circumstances facing China in the late 1990s.
		China's fundamental principle in addressing Taiwan is "peaceful reunification based on one country, two systems." China is ready to move gradually toward peaceful reunification through political negotiations on the premise of one-China.
		From "leaning to one side" in the 1950s to the "independent foreign policy of peace" in the 1980s, China's international strategy has gone through a winding, complex process that reflects the tide of globalization and opening to the world, and a fundamental shift from pursuing world revolution to national modernization.
	www.georgetown.edu /sfs/programs/isd/files/modern/chen2.htm (1021 words)

	AEGiS-AFP News: Chinese premier calls for greater democracy on global stage - June 28, 2004
		For 50 years, China's diplomacy has been based on "the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence", which were first put forward by the late Chinese premier Zhou Enlai and agreed to in joint declarations with India and Myanmar.
		The principles refer to mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
		Wen said the principles were still valid in the 21st century, but that the "old security concept" of military alliances and arms build-ups should be dropped.
	www.aegis.com /NEWS/AFP/2004/AF040699.html (522 words)

	China Debates the Future Security Environment
		Chapter five illustrated that the quantitative assessments of CNP conducted by CASS and AMS, as well as other individual analysts, result in very different pictures of the future security environment.
		One of the common themes continuously repeated by Chinese authors is that "peace and development are the main trend" of the times, and that a major global war will not occur.
		Local wars are certain, even though " 'peace and development' is the main trend" during the transitional period of uncertainty in the decades ahead.
	www.fas.org /nuke/guide/china/doctrine/pills2/part10.htm (4641 words)

	[No title]
		With a strong concerted effort of all ethnic groups, we will try to build a future Burma: where democracy flourishes, where peace and prosperity prevail, where a federated republic will be a reality, and where the people of the land irrespective of ethnic origin can fully exercise the right to self-determination.
		The Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence, as laid down by the Bandung Conference, will be the basis of our foreign policy.
		We will reorganize an army: that identifies itself with the people, is loyal to the people, is subservient to and respect the constitution of the country, and one that the people love.
	www.ibiblio.org /freeburma/docs/ncgub.html (1878 words)

	It's Hindi-Chini bhai bhai once again
		India and China will celebrate the 50th anniversary of Panchsheel, or five principles of peaceful coexistence, in a befitting manner through jointly agreed activities, including the release of a commemorative stamp, External Affairs Minister K Natwar Singh has said.
		The five principles, jointly initiated by India, China and Myanmar in 1954 include -- mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence.
		Republication or redistribution of PTI content, including by framing or similar means, is expressly prohibited without the prior written consent.
	www.rediff.com /news/2004/jun/23china.htm (309 words)

	Republic of Kazakhstan
		The Member States reaffirm their commitment to uphold and defend the principles of the UN Charter and international law as well as the means envisaged in the UN Charter for the peaceful settlement of disputes.
		They believe that respect, protection and promotion of human rights and fundamental freedoms contribute to political and social stability and peace, to the enrichment of the cultural and spiritual heritage of the society as a whole and to the mutual understanding and friendly relations between their people.
		The Member States emphasize that in the process of the further elaboration of their positions the present Declaration may be complemented with new principles of international cooperation corresponding to the purposes and principles of the UN Charter.
	missions.itu.int /~kazaks/eng/cica/cica02.htm (1884 words)

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