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Topic: Five Spot Ladybird

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	Studies on the Spatial Distribution of Aphis-eating ladybirds in Soybean Fields
		Abstract- Seven-spot ladybird (Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus), Akebia leaf-like moth (Adonia variegate goeze), Ash bark beetle (Leis axyridis Pallas) and bifid tongued bees (Propylaea japonica Thunberg) are principal predators of soybean aphids (Aphis glycines Matsumura).
		Nonetheless, the seven-spot ladybird, the Akebia leaf-like moth, the Ash bark beetle, and the bifid-tongued bee are all principal predators of soybean aphids, whose imagoes and larvae both prey upon soybean aphids, controlling the population of soybean aphids.
		Five experimental blocks of fields in Shengyang Agriculture University were chosen, where the population of ladybirds’ larvae on every plant was observed and the population of overall individuals was recorded.
	www.k-state.edu /issa/aphids/reporthtml/trans45.htm (1083 words)

	[No title]
		Aphid populations are often checked by predation from ladybird beetle adults and larvae, lacewing larvae and syrphid larvae, as well as fungal diseases during periods of high humidity (27,32).
		Due to its sporadic nature, it generally affects five percent or less of snap bean acreage in the state, but in some fields and in some years close to 100 percent of plants may be infected (18,53).
		Planting in well-drained fields free of low spots that can accumulate water can aid in management of these diseases, as can rotation with crops that are less susceptible or that must be grown in fumigated, mulched beds (9).
	pestdata.ncsu.edu /cropprofiles/docs/FLsnapbeans.html (13150 words)

	[No title]
		The five stamens were thought to represent the five wounds or the hammers used to drive the nails.
		The five petals together with the five sepals were thought to stand for the ten apostles (excluding Peter who denied the Lord and Judas who betrayed Him); the three bracts symbolized the trinity, the lobed, mitten-like leaves: the pointing hands of the accusers.
		Ladybird beetles or Ladybugs (Rodolia cardinalis and Hiippodamia convergens) and Praying Mantes (Mantis religiosa and Paratenodera sinensis) are among the most beneficial insects known to man. They devour many times their own weight in destructive pests.
	home.att.net /~oc_crfg/passionfruit-1990J.htm (10974 words)

	BBC/OU Open2.net - Life In The Undergrowth - Friends, foes and aliens
		Ladybirds are well-loved brightly-coloured small beetles, most red or yellow with fl spots.
		In summer, adult ladybirds and lacewing and ladybird larvae prey on aphids, scale insects and caterpillars.
		The seven-spot is five to eight milimetres long with three fl spots on each red wing case, and one at the front spreading across both wing cases.
	www.open2.net /undergrowth/yourgarden.html (1013 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - British Ladybirds Face Rapid Extinction After Invasion By an Asian Interloper (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Harmonia axyridis, the harlequin ladybird from Asia, was first detected in Britain in September last year and known to be a threat to familiar species of our own such as the two-spot and the seven- spot ladybirds, by outcompeting them for the aphids on which they feed " and also by eating them directly.
		Those shiny bright red beetles with their fl spots, which generations of children have delighted in, and which gardeners have so long relied on to deal with the aphids (greenfly) eating their roses, will soon be a thing of the past.
		Harlequin ladybirds are about a quarter of an inch long, and come either with an orange body with up to 22 fl spots, or with a fl body with two to four large orange spots.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/340848/british_ladybirds_face_rapid_extinction_after_invasion_by_an_asian/index.html?source=r_science (882 words)

	Essex ladybird survey 2000 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The only species which seem to have increased over the year eat either mildew (orange ladybird) or grass (24-spot) whereas there seems to have been a decline in the numbers of species which eat aphids or other homopteran bugs.
		Five species show serious discrepancies between the Essex and London figures which may be due to patchiness of records from Essex or may reflect real biogeographical differences: only more records over a longer period will clarify the matter.
		There may be other uses: exotic ladybirds are increasing used for biological control of homopteran pests and there is a possibility that these might establish.
	www.essexfieldclub.org.uk /ladybird_survey.htm (429 words)

	JIS: Tschinkel 2.12.2002 (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Copp (1983) describes clump formations in ladybird beetles as tightly packed groups clinging to each other with the elytra to the outside, which resulted in a reduction in the volume occupied.
		Ladybird beetles tend to remain active at temperatures as low as 0 °C, and individuals in occasional clumps at that temperature continue to exhibit some movement (Copp 1983).
		Ladybird beetles clump as temperatures fall from 35 to 15 °C in dark or diffuse light, and they dispersed at temperatures above 35 °C (Copp 1983).
	digital.library.arizona.edu /insect/5.11 (7126 words)

	Cotton diseases, IPM1025 Cotton Pests Scouting and Management, MU Extension
		The spots, 0.25 to 0.75 inch in diameter, are white to light brown with a narrow red margin.
		The spots are dull brown and circular and may be up to 0.4 inch in diameter.
		The first leaf symptoms are light-green spots that are visible on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves.
	muextension.missouri.edu /explore/agguides/pests/ipm1025disease.htm (3307 words)

	Mulberry cultivation and utilization in India (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Resistant to leaf spot and powdery mildew, moderately resistant to leaf rust and tukra infestation.
		Saplings of five months age with five to six roots are suitable for planting during the regular onset of the monsoon.
		After one month, all the buds except the top five to six should be removed carefully without damaging the bark.
	www.fao.org /DOCREP/005/X9895E/x9895e04.htm (4067 words)

	Roger Federer - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
		He is still one behind Björn Borg, who won five straight Wimbledon titles from 1976-80.
		By reaching and winning the final of Wimbledon in 2006, Federer became the first man to make it to five consecutive Grand Slam finals (winning four out of five), beating the previous record set by Andre Agassi who, between 1999 (French Open) and 2000 (Australian Open) reached four finals, winning three titles.
		This is the third longest streak in history, surpassing the total of Pete Sampras (fourth), who held that spot for 102 weeks from 1996 to '98.
	en.wikipedia.org /wiki/Roger_Federer (4140 words)

	The London and Essex Ladybird (Coccinellidae) Surveys: recording ladybirds in London and Essex
		The spots may eventually become so large that the ladybird appears to be fl with a few yellow spots.
		It is closely related to the smaller 24-spot ladybird (which eats grasses and other plants): all-red apart from their spots and somewhat dull due to small hairs visible under a hand lens.
		This ladybird was the first to be used successfully for biological control (of the cottony cushion scale on citrus trees in California.
	www.ladybird-survey.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /londonla.htm (3196 words)

	Second Thoughts About Peppered Moths
		Ladybird beetles are extremely distasteful to most birds, and exhibit warning coloration rather than cryptic coloration; there is no evidence that they are significantly affected by selective predation (Creed 1966, Ford 1975).
		Industrial melanism in ladybird beetles has been attributed to non-visual selection on the ability of melanic and non-melanic forms to absorb solar radiation -- a phenomenon known as “thermal melanism” (Brakefield 1985).
		Polymorphic Muellerian mimicry and interactions with thermal melanism in ladybirds and a soldier beetle: a hypothesis.
	www.trueorigin.org /pepmoth1.asp (4679 words)

	David Element's Wildlife Web Page Beetles 1 - Ladybirds
		The spots begin to show through as the elytra (wing cases) harden and within a short period the orange ground colour will begin to darken, eventually becoming the characteristic deep red shade typical of the fully mature beetle as seen in the following photograph.
		The handsome Striped Ladybird is a pinewood-dweller and a voracious aphid eater.
		This insect is predatory on the same prey items (aphids, etc.) as the native ladybird species, but unfortunately also on those useful insects which naturally control garden and crop pests themselves, namely lacewings, hoverfly larvae and other ladybirds.
	www.david.element.ukgateway.net /beetles1ladybirds1.htm (694 words)

	GISP
		The arrival of the larger and hungrier harlequin ladybird from North America and Europe threatens to wipe out many of the 46 varieties of the insect that are native to this country.
		Under particular threat are the native seven-, five- and two-spot ladybirds, and conservationists have called for them to be put on the Government's Biodiversity Action Plan list of priority species.
		Unlike ladybirds from this country, the harlequin can live in trees as well as on the ground and eats hover-flies, lacewings, butterfly eggs or even other ladybirds.
	www.gisp.org /whatsnew/shownews.asp?id=438 (450 words)

	RedOrbit - Science - Invaders May Destroy Three Brit Ladybirds
		The British seven-spot and two-spot varieties, which until recently were common, are under threat along with the rarer five- spot.
		Conservationists are now calling for three native ladybirds to be added to the UK Biodiversity Action Plan's list of priority species, meaning the Government must act to save them.
		Harlequins are about a quarter of an inch long, with either an orange body with up to 22 fl spots, or a fl body with two to four large orange spots.
	www.redorbit.com /news/science/341807/invaders_may_destroy_three_brit_ladybirds/index.html?source=r_science (362 words)

	Tiny Game Hunting, Whiteflies
		She plants it in the ground behind the plant, then lightly sprays the plant with water from the opposite side, forcing the whiteflies off the plant and onto the trap.
		Sprays can reduce whitefly populations, but they have to be applied fairly frequently--every four or five days for several weeks.
		Ladybird beetles and lacewings eat whitefly larvae, but the best control for this pest is Encarsia formosa, a minute parasitic wasp, also known as the whitefly parasite, which lays its eggs in the whitefly nymphs.
	www.ucpress.edu /books/pages/8778/whiteflies.html (618 words)

	London and Essex Ladybird Survey
		Ladybird, ladybird fly away home but let me make a note of you first...
		The aims and methods of the surveys are the same as last year; mapping the species and spread of London's ladybird population.
		The picture above shows the usual form but spots may be extended or multiplied; ultimately to show a fl ladybird with four (or fewer) red spots.
	www.leef.org.uk /articles/article.php?id=21 (372 words)

	Pusztai's Potatoes - Is 'Genetic Modification' the Culprit?
		Five of 6 reviewers had favored publication and he believed that it was appropriate for the information to be available in the public domain (Enserink, Science 286:656).
		Indeed, a good deal of evidence has accumulated that GNA, which binds specifically to a sugar called mannose, is rather toxic to certain kinds of insects pests of important crop plants, including rice (Du et al.
		GNA does not seem to affect ladybird beetles, considered to be a beneficial insect (Down et al., 2000), although it does affect parasitic wasps, also considered to be beneficial insects (Romeis 2003).
	www.agbioworld.org /biotech-info/articles/biotech-art/pusztai-potatoes.html (3612 words)

	BES - Grant Reports - SEPG 1618
		The former would speed ladybird development directly and increase the potential for inter-cohort matings; the latter increases aphid population size, which will likewise speed ladybird development.
		The phenology of the ladybird was monitored over time during 1998 at two sites in London, one in the centre, and one 7 miles north of the centre.
		The second possibility is that changes in ladybird phenology and promiscuity follow the pattern of aphid growth on trees, and aphid growth on trees is affected by urbanisation.
	www.britishecologicalsociety.org /articles/grants/reports/1618 (2216 words)

	Bald Eagles
		All birds have better eyesight than humans, but eagles have binocular vision (eyes in front of their head) that allows them to spot a five-pound fish while soaring a mile away and 500 feet in the sky.
		However, their population grew tremendously and now they are considered to be somewhat of a nuisance.
		Asian ladybird beetles overwinter in protected places, and sometimes this includes coming inside the house.
	www.eagle-bluff.org /pages/critters.html (1089 words)

	Lady Beetle, HYG-2002-98
		In Europe these beetles are called "ladybirds." Both adults and larvae feed on many different soft-bodied insects with aphids being their main food source.
		In the spring, overwintering adults find food, then lay from fifty to three hundred eggs in her lifetime (tiny, light -yellow eggs are deposited in clusters of 10 to 50 each) in aphid colonies.
		Eggs hatch in three to five days, and larvae feed on aphids or other insects for two to three weeks, then pupate.
	ohioline.osu.edu /hyg-fact/2000/2002.html (1151 words)

	Harmonia axyridis, the invasive harlequin ladybird (Coccinellidae) establishing in London, Essex and the UK
		This northern, east Asian ladybird was imported to the SE United States about twenty-five years ago: it established successfully, extending north into Canada and through the rest of the USA.
		Ladybirds travel well by post if securely packed in a small, strong container such as a photographic film tube.
		Ladybirds may disperse under their own steam or be transported by human agencies (anthropochory).
	www.ladybird-survey.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk /H_axyridis.htm (2476 words)

	Blackwell Synergy - Plant J, Vol 33, Issue 1, pp. 19-46: The release of genetically modified crops into the ...
		Based on the triple Dpdf score, five categories of risk probability have been defined, which can be and are used to set safety standards on field trials and confinement requirements.
		These five categories are: (i) no gene flow effect; (ii) minimal gene flow effects; (iii) low and local gene flow effects; (iv) substantial but local gene flow effects; and (v) substantial and widespread gene flow effects.
		The fecundity of the two-spot ladybird (Adalia bipunctata) was reduced when fed with aphids that were reared on potatoes expressing the snowdrop lectin GNA (Birch et al.
	www.pages.drexel.edu /~ls39/peer_review/conner.html (13331 words)

	Bird Sightings \| Birds and Beyond \| Mass Audubon
		Five fl terns were reported on the Connecticut River in Hatfield, while a fl-crowned night heron was seen at Turners Falls, and a green-winged teal in Deerfield.
		A greater yellowlegs, a lesser yellowlegs, five spotted sandpipers, four semipalmated sandpipers, 23 least sandpipers and 12 pectoral sandpipers were seen in Hadley.
		Reported elsewhere in Belchertown were three wood ducks, five eastern wood-pewees, a least flycatcher, two eastern kingbirds, more than 100 tree swallows, four blue-headed vireos, three blue-gray gnatcatchers, three eastern bluebirds, a brown thrasher, a scarlet tanager, a field sparrow, a swamp sparrow, an indigo bunting and a purple finch.
	www.massaudubon.org /Birds_&_Beyond/sightings.php?type=archive (1788 words)

	Lily the Ladybird
		The children see a large, colourful flat figure, 14 inches high and 10 inches wide, which can be seen even on a large stage.
		First of all there are four spots on one side and two on the other.
		Finally the children pretend to throw this spot to Lilly.
	www.taylorsmagicshop.com /prod470.htm (185 words)

	Plant Science Day 1999 Field Plots
		In this experiment, five annual species of cut flowers are being grown under four leaf compost/fertilizer combinations.
		Four of five apple cultivars (Golden Delicious, Red Delicious, McIntosh, Macoun, and Melrose) inoculated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 were found to promote good growth of the bacterium in bruised apple tissue independent of the date of harvest.
		In 1997, five short-vined and bush types were tested for yield and quality compared to the traditional long-vined Waltham type.
	www.caes.state.ct.us /PlantScienceDay/1999PSD/PSDfield99.htm (7295 words)

	Penguin UK
		Five times a year PBC sends the four differently aged ranged leaflets into schools.
		Books are available from Puffin, Dorling Kindersley and Ladybird as well as new and best-selling titles from other leading children's publishers.
		Books are on sale at great discounts meaning their pocket money goes further and each leaflet also offers great give-aways and competitions for children to enjoy.
	www.penguin.co.uk /static/cs/uk/0/aboutus/faq_pbc.html (320 words)

	Ladybird, nyckelpiga tutorial by Louise G (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		Pour the fl color on the white spot 6 -7 times.
		The fifth spot must be devided into two parts.
		Put the left part on the Ladybirds right side of the head and the right part on the Ladybirds left side.
	louise.poppyfield.net /LadyBird.htm (353 words)

	The BBC: A Global Instrument of Zionist Propaganda (Site not responding. Last check: 2007-10-30)
		The Nazareth-based British writer and journalist, Jonathan Cook wrote that the BBC “credulously reports preposterous arguments seeking to exonerate the Israeli army of responsibility for the shelling of the beach in Gaza that killed a Palestinian family of seven.
		It treats as equally credible the army's belated version in which Palestinian militants are said to have laid a single mine at a favourite seaside picnic spot in the futile hope of preventing the Israeli navy landing along the [Gaza] Strip's miles of coastline”.
		In five days of deliberate acts of aggression against the sovereign state of Lebanon, at least 200 innocent Lebanese civilians, including some 70 children have been massacred by the Israeli army in cold blood and in the most cowardly fashion.
	www.freespeechwar.com /smf/index.php?topic=3114.0 (3155 words)

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